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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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Articles 1 - 16 of 16
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Happiness And Time Preference: The Effect Of Positive Affect In A Random-Assignment Experiment, John Ifcher, Homa Zarghamee
Happiness And Time Preference: The Effect Of Positive Affect In A Random-Assignment Experiment, John Ifcher, Homa Zarghamee
Economics
We conduct a random-assignment experiment to investigate whether positive affect impacts time preference, where time preference denotes a preference for present over future utility. Our result indicates that, compared to neutral affect, mild positive affect significantly reduces time preference over money. This result is robust to various specification checks, and alternative interpretations of the result are considered. Our result has implications for the effect of happiness on time preference and the role of emotions in economic decision making, in general. Finally, we reconfirm the ubiquity of time preference and start to explore its determinants. (JEL D12, D83, I31)
Maternal Smoking As A Predictor Of Infant Health, Gabrielle Dibella
Maternal Smoking As A Predictor Of Infant Health, Gabrielle Dibella
Economics
No abstract provided.
Vertex Centralities In Input-Output Networks Reveal The Structure Of Modern Economies, Florian Blochl, Fabian J. Theis, Fernando Vega-Redondo, Eric O'N. Fisher
Vertex Centralities In Input-Output Networks Reveal The Structure Of Modern Economies, Florian Blochl, Fabian J. Theis, Fernando Vega-Redondo, Eric O'N. Fisher
Economics
Input-output tables describe the flows of goods and services between the sectors of an economy. These tables can be interpreted as weighted directed networks. At the usual level of aggregation, they contain nodes with strong self-loops and are almost completely connected. We derive two measures of node centrality that are well suited for such networks. Both are based on random walks and have interpretations as the propagation of supply shocks through the economy. Random walk centrality reveals the vertices most immediately affected by a shock. Counting betweenness identifies the nodes where a shock lingers longest. The two measures differ in …
Introduction To Heckscher-Ohlin Theory: A Modern Approach, Eric O'N. Fisher
Introduction To Heckscher-Ohlin Theory: A Modern Approach, Eric O'N. Fisher
Economics
No abstract provided.
Empirical Foundations For The Resurrection Of Heckscher–Ohlin Theory, Peter Egger, Kathryn G. Marshall, Eric O'N. Fisher
Empirical Foundations For The Resurrection Of Heckscher–Ohlin Theory, Peter Egger, Kathryn G. Marshall, Eric O'N. Fisher
Economics
We decompose the factor content of trade into Heckscher–Ohlin–Vanek trade and Ricardian trade. We measure factor content using only the United States' technology and also as Leontief advocated, using the local technology. In either case, differences in endowments are quite important in explaining the factor content of trade. If one uses raw estimated coefficients as a means of comparison, differences in endowments are ten times as important as differences in technology.
Heckscher–Ohlin Theory When Countries Have Different Technologies, Eric O'N. Fisher
Heckscher–Ohlin Theory When Countries Have Different Technologies, Eric O'N. Fisher
Economics
Rethinking the foundations of Heckscher–Ohlin theory when countries have different technologies, this paper shows how to make the proper adjustments for international productivity differences. The central tool is a factor conversion matrix that computes the local factor content of foreign Rybczynski effects. Factor-specific productivities are a special case of these more general linear relationships.
Emigrant Effects On Bilateral Trade: Reexamining The Immigrant-Trade Link From The Home Country Perspective, Roger White, Bedassa Tadesse
Emigrant Effects On Bilateral Trade: Reexamining The Immigrant-Trade Link From The Home Country Perspective, Roger White, Bedassa Tadesse
Economics
A voluminous literature examines the immigrant-trade link. Available studies evaluate the link largely from the host country perspective and generally indicate that immigrants exert positive influences on trade between their host and home countries. Few studies, however, explore the effects of emigrants on trade. Using data representing the stocks of emigrants from 131 home countries that resided in 110 host countries during the year 2005, we examine the immigrant/emigrant-trade link from both the home country perspective and the host country perspective. Doing so, we provide the first comprehensive estimates of pro-trade emigrant effects for each home country in our study.
The Structure Of The American Economy, Eric O'N. Fisher, Kathryn G. Marshall
The Structure Of The American Economy, Eric O'N. Fisher, Kathryn G. Marshall
Economics
We explore the relationship between input–output accounts and the national revenue function. The generalized inverse of an economy’s technology matrix carries information relating changes in endowments with changes in outputs; its transpose relates output prices and factor prices. Our primary theoretical contribution is to derive an economy’s revenue function for an arbitrary Leontief technology. Our main empirical contribution is to compute the national revenue function for the American economy in 2003 and to describe its properties. We implement our ideas using two different models: one where all factors are mobile and another with sector-specific capital.
Why Does Tobacco-Control Spending Vary So Much Across States?, Michael L. Marlow
Why Does Tobacco-Control Spending Vary So Much Across States?, Michael L. Marlow
Economics
Although tobacco-control spending is considered an essential component of comprehensive programmes aimed at lowering smoking, substantial variation exists across states. This article examines if variation is systematically related to cross-state differences in smoking prevalence, holding other factors constant that are expected to influence spending. An econometric model is estimated which considers effects of tobacco-settlement revenues, income, unemployment, political party of the governor, state debt and smoking prevalence on tobacco-control spending in all states during 2000--2007. Estimations control for the possibility that spending and smoking prevalence are co-determined to clearly determine the causal link from prevalence to spending. Spending variation is …
Identifiability Of The Misspecified Split Hazard Models, Sanjiv Jaggia
Identifiability Of The Misspecified Split Hazard Models, Sanjiv Jaggia
Economics
Unlike standard models, a split population hazard model allows the exit probability to be less than one. Although conceptually attractive, split models are prone to identification problems. In the reduced form estimation of the hazard function, the influence of split may not be distinguishable from that of neglected heterogeneity. For illustration, I use Monte Carlo simulations to highlight the problem of interpreting the structural parameters of the split Weibull and the Weibull-gamma models.
Social Networks, Neighborhood Effects, And Credit Access: Evidence From Rural Guatemala, Bruce Wydick, Harmony Karp Hayes, Sarah Hilliker Kempf
Social Networks, Neighborhood Effects, And Credit Access: Evidence From Rural Guatemala, Bruce Wydick, Harmony Karp Hayes, Sarah Hilliker Kempf
Economics
We measure the extent to which social networks determine sources of credit from a survey of 465 households in western Guatemala. We estimate correlated, contextual and endogenous effects of networks at the neighborhood, church, and village levels, finding that church networks display endogenous effects in credit access. We calculate an elasticity of social imitation (ESI) indicating if the percentage of people accessing microfinance in a church network doubles, the probability of an individual household accessing microfinance increases by 14.1 percent, a magnitude similar to our estimated ESIs for televisions and cell phones within church and neighbor networks.
Microfinance And Home Improvement: Using Retrospective Panel Data To Measure Program Effects On Fundamental Events, Craig Mcintosh, Gonzalo Villaran, Bruce Wydick
Microfinance And Home Improvement: Using Retrospective Panel Data To Measure Program Effects On Fundamental Events, Craig Mcintosh, Gonzalo Villaran, Bruce Wydick
Economics
Rigorously estimating the effects of development programs is notoriously difficult. In this paper we present a methodology that borrows from "event studies" commonly used in the finance literature to ascertain the impacts of corporate mergers. In our RETRAFECT methodology a retrospective panel data set is created based on “fundamental” events in the history of surveyed households, events that are discrete, unforgettable, and important to welfare. Based on the relationship between the changes in the estimated probabilities of these events and the timing of the introduction and uptake of a treatment, it is possible to ascertain if the probability of these …
The Economics Of Parenting, Self-Esteem, And Academic Performance: Theory And A Test, Rajeev Darolia, Bruce Wydick
The Economics Of Parenting, Self-Esteem, And Academic Performance: Theory And A Test, Rajeev Darolia, Bruce Wydick
Economics
This paper develops a theory about how signals sent to a child by an altruistic parent affect a child's self-esteem, effort and long-term performance when a parent has better information about child ability than children do themselves. We carry out OLS, 2SLS, and 3SLS estimations of our model on a sample of 651 college students. Our results show some complementary actions before college, such as parental praise, foster academic achievement above what natural ability would predict. Conversely, we find some substitutionary actions before college, such as providing them cars as gifts, are associated with lower effort in college and underachievement. …
A'S From Zzzz's? The Causal Effect Of School Start Time On The Academic Achievement Of Adolescents, Scott E. Carrell, Teny Maghakian, James E. West
A'S From Zzzz's? The Causal Effect Of School Start Time On The Academic Achievement Of Adolescents, Scott E. Carrell, Teny Maghakian, James E. West
Economics
Recent sleep research finds that many adolescents are sleep-deprived because of both early school start times and changing sleep patterns during the teen years. This study identifies the causal effect of school start time on academic achievement by using two policy changes in the daily schedule at the US Air Force Academy along with the randomized placement of freshman students to courses and instructors. Results show that starting the school day 50 minutes later has a significant positive effect on student achievement, which is roughly equivalent to raising teacher quality by one standard deviation. (JEL I23, J13)
The Happiness Of Single Mothers After Welfare Reform, John Ifcher
The Happiness Of Single Mothers After Welfare Reform, John Ifcher
Economics
U.S. welfare and tax policies targeting single mothers were transformed over a decade ago. What was the impact on single mothers' happiness? Using data from the General Social Survey, difference in difference estimators are calculated. The results appear to indicate that the package of welfare and tax policy changes increased happiness. The results are largely consistent across three comparison groups and robust to various specification checks. This research nicely complements the literature by examining the impact of the welfare and tax policy changes on a novel outcome measure, self-reported happiness.
Dim Delobsom, Michael Kevane
Dim Delobsom, Michael Kevane
Economics
Delobsom, Dim (1897-1940), Burkinan author, canton chief, and civil servant, was born in Sao village, about 60 kilometers northwest of Ouagadougou, in the Mossi region of the presentday country of Burkina Faso. His mother was Datoumi Yaare, from the village of Kaonghin; and his father, Gueta Wagdogo, was the son of Yiougo, the naba (Mossi chief) of Sao. Naba Yiougo supported Mogho Naba Wobgo (Boukary Koutu), the principal king of the four Mossi kingdoms, against a rebelling vassal, the naba ofLalle. In 1896, Mogho Naba Wobgo supported Gueta Wagdogo to attain the chieftaincy (whereupon he assumed the name "Naba Piiga") …