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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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Articles 1 - 14 of 14
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
A State’S Gendered Response To Political Instability: Gendering Labor Policy In Semi-Authoritarian El Salvador (1944-1972), Leslie C. Gates, Kati L. Griffith
A State’S Gendered Response To Political Instability: Gendering Labor Policy In Semi-Authoritarian El Salvador (1944-1972), Leslie C. Gates, Kati L. Griffith
Sociology Faculty Scholarship
Unlike much of the gender and welfare literature, this study examines why a regime that constrains pressure from below would adopt gendered social policies. The Salvadoran case (1944-1972) suggests that political instability rather than societal pressures may prompt semi-authoritarian regimes to adopt gendered labor reforms. We extend the motivations for adopting gendered labor reforms to include co-opting labor by examining gendered labor reforms in the context of El Salvador’s historically contingent labor strategy. This gendered analysis helps explain how a semi-authoritarian regime secured political stability and reveals the special appeal gendered labor reforms may have to semi-authoritarian regimes.
Gender Differences In Self-Perceptions And Academic Outcomes: A Study Of African American High School Students, Jeanne Saunders, Larry Davis, Trina Williams, Julie Miller Cribbs
Gender Differences In Self-Perceptions And Academic Outcomes: A Study Of African American High School Students, Jeanne Saunders, Larry Davis, Trina Williams, Julie Miller Cribbs
Center for Social Development Research
There is increasing divergence in the academic outcomes of African American males and females. By most accounts, males are falling behind their female peers educationally as African American females are graduating from high schools at higher rates and are going on to college and graduate school in greater numbers. Some have suggested that school completion and performance is associated with how students feel about themselves. The purpose of this study was to explore gender differences in the relationship between self-perceptions and two academic outcomes among a sample of 243 African American high school sophomores. The results suggest that, overall; females …
Toward A More Comprehensive Understanding Of Peer Maltreatment: Studies Of Relational Victimization, Nikki R. Crick, Juan F. Casas, David A. Nelson
Toward A More Comprehensive Understanding Of Peer Maltreatment: Studies Of Relational Victimization, Nikki R. Crick, Juan F. Casas, David A. Nelson
Psychology Faculty Publications
Although many past studies of peer maltreatment have focused on physical victimization, the importance of an empirical focus on relational victimization has only recently been recognized. In relational victimization, the perpetrator attempts to harm the target through the manipulation of relationships, threat of damage to them, or both. We review what is currently known about relational victimization with three issues in mind: (a) developmental changes in the manifestation of relational victimization, (b) gender differences in the likelihood of being victimized, and (c) evidence that relational victimization is harmful.
Identifying The Bases For Gender Differences In Guilt And Shame, R. Shawn Edmondson
Identifying The Bases For Gender Differences In Guilt And Shame, R. Shawn Edmondson
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
Gender differences are frequently revealed on the popular TOSCA-2 measure of guilt- and shame-proneness. These gender differences could reflect biases in the eliciting conditions that participants evaluate and confounds between them. A new instrument, the Gender Relevant Test of Self-Conscious Affect (GR-TOSCA), was developed to eliminate these confounds, thereby introducing a gender-sensitive, and therefore more valid, measure of guilt and shame proneness. The psychometric integrity of the new instrument, hypotheses regarding condition-specific gender differences in the two emotions, and relationships of guilt- and shame-proneness scores to gender role endorsement were examined in a sample of undergraduate students (93 men and …
Perception Of Competence In Male And Female Pilots: Between Group Differences, Marianne Paulsen
Perception Of Competence In Male And Female Pilots: Between Group Differences, Marianne Paulsen
Master's Theses - Daytona Beach
This study investigated the relationship between gender and competence as perceived by pilots. Scenarios were utilized that depicted an airline captain successfully landing an airplane amidst adverse conditions. Scenarios varied only by the gender of the Captain: male, female, or unspecified by variance of pilot name. Perceived effectiveness, competence, avoidance, blame, and attribution as depicted by the Captain's performance in the scenario were assessed by 30 male and 30 female certified flight instructors. Results showed that female flight instructors' ratings of avoidance ability and attribution for success differed from male flight instructors. Attribution for blame differences between scenario conditions was …
Women, Poverty, Access To Health Care, And The Perils Of Symbolic Reform, Mary Anne Bobinski, Phyllis Griffin Epps
Women, Poverty, Access To Health Care, And The Perils Of Symbolic Reform, Mary Anne Bobinski, Phyllis Griffin Epps
Faculty Articles
This article looks at health care through gendered eyes. We sift though available data on access to health care, health status, and health treatments to determine whether men and women experience health care differently in the United States. While we do not doubt that overt gender-based discrimination occasionally occurs in health care, this article focuses on the importance of unintended consequences and unconscious bias. We also explore the impact of symbolism about women's roles on the process of health care reform. The results have important implications for policy makers, advocates, and health care providers.
The United States has a large …
Multidimensional Self-Concept And Outdoor Adventure Education With Adolescents, Timothy S. O'Connell
Multidimensional Self-Concept And Outdoor Adventure Education With Adolescents, Timothy S. O'Connell
Research in Outdoor Education
This study focused on the changes in self-concept of adolescents enrolled in· outdoor adventure education courses offered at a traditional· college preparatory high school and explored how gender influenced changes in specific domains of self-concept.
If The Dress Fits, Wear It.: Uncovering Meaning In Gender Stereotyping In An Australian Outdoor Education Program, Katherine J. Pinch
If The Dress Fits, Wear It.: Uncovering Meaning In Gender Stereotyping In An Australian Outdoor Education Program, Katherine J. Pinch
Research in Outdoor Education
This study is part of a larger project that examined the significance of the gender system working within and through an outdoor adventure education program for adolescents. Although the categories female and male were used to describe the claimed and ascribed identities of the participants, the study was designed to explore the implications of the gender system with reference to agency and empowerment for adolescent girls, not to differentiate between "essential" female and male experiences. The data was not analyzed to make statistical inferences about girls and boys as homogeneous groups. It was viewed in terms of how different ranges …
The Impact Of A Culturally Responsive School Environment On Pre-Service Teachers' Willingness To Teach In A School, Delois Maxwell
The Impact Of A Culturally Responsive School Environment On Pre-Service Teachers' Willingness To Teach In A School, Delois Maxwell
Trotter Review
In a climate that acknowledges the need for teacher educators to prepare new teachers for culturally diverse student bodies, the study examines the extent to which selected features of an urban school environment affect a preservice teacher's willingness to teach in the school. A survey was administered to 48 preservice teachers after they completed a 7-week student teaching experience in a large urban school district. The survey sample was drawn from a northeastern university which enrolls 90% Caucasian education students. The study pursues the following research questions: does race/ethnicity, gender, program level, school location and major relate to the preservice …
Responding To Cairo: Case Studies Of Changing Practice In Reproductive Health And Family Planning, Nicole Haberland, Diana Measham
Responding To Cairo: Case Studies Of Changing Practice In Reproductive Health And Family Planning, Nicole Haberland, Diana Measham
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
The 1994 International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo codified views long advocated by women’s health activists the world over. The conference marked a turning point in the history of the population field—one that brought reproductive health and women’s rights to the forefront of the international population agenda. The 22 case studies in this book document changes in practice in reproductive health and family planning programs within 18 countries. The case studies demonstrate the important strides that were made in the years following the conference and point to many challenges that remain. The abolition or modification of population policies …
Similarities Or Differences In Identity Development? The Impact Of Acculturation And Gender On Identity Process And Outcome, Seth J. Schwartz, Marilyn J. Montgomery
Similarities Or Differences In Identity Development? The Impact Of Acculturation And Gender On Identity Process And Outcome, Seth J. Schwartz, Marilyn J. Montgomery
Faculty Publications - Graduate School of Counseling
This study examined the effects of variations in acculturation and gender on identity processes and outcomes. Three hundred fifty-seven students at a culturally diverse university completed measures of identity processes (exploration, commitment, and identity style) and outcomes (identity status). The generalizability of the underlying identity processes across contextual variations was ascertained by evaluating the consistency of factor solutions across immigrant generation and gender. Results suggested that the processes underlying identity development are consistent across variations in acculturation and gender. Supplemental analyses revealed effects of acculturation and gender on the extent to which individuals utilized various identity processes and manifested various …
Gender Contests, Susan Frelich Appleton
Gender Contests, Susan Frelich Appleton
Scholarship@WashULaw
This contribution for the “Law, Ethics, and Gender in Medicine” column in the Journal of Gender Specific Medicine interrogates the understanding of gender itself, at a time when transgender and intersex issues were just beginning to “come out” in both popular culture and case law. Against this background, the column explores the roles that physicians have played in such gender contests and considers how evolving medical attitudes can help achieve reform.
Perspectives On Black - White Interracial Relationships In The South, Celeste Andria Wheat
Perspectives On Black - White Interracial Relationships In The South, Celeste Andria Wheat
Legacy ETDs
By analyzing 12 in-depth interviews with individuals who live in the South Georgia area and who are involved in Black-White interracial relationships, I explain how respondents perceive the appearance of their relationships and how they think others react to their relationships. I also address how the intersection of race and gender affects the interviewees' experiences with family, friends, and strangers. This analysis contributes to current debates about interracial romance by describing how interracial couples experience dating in the South and how race and gender intersects to shape those experiences.
Trafficking In Women From Ukraine, Donna M. Hughes Dr., Tatyana Denisova
Trafficking In Women From Ukraine, Donna M. Hughes Dr., Tatyana Denisova
Donna M. Hughes
Report on research carried out as part of the U.S. Ukraine Research Partnership, the International Center of the U.S. National Institute of Justice and the Ukrainian Academy of Legal Sciences