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Articles 1 - 30 of 155
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
European Integration And The Expansion Of The European Union: Identity Formation In Europe, Aaron P. Boesenecker
European Integration And The Expansion Of The European Union: Identity Formation In Europe, Aaron P. Boesenecker
Honors Theses
The states of Europe and the European Union are facing one of the greatest challenges since the founding of the European Community in the 1950s. The collapse of the Soviet Union and end of the Cold War have served to strengthen the position of the European Union as a guarantor of democracy, peace, and fundamental human rights in Europe. However, crises such as the Balkan conflicts of recent years have also exposed inherent weaknesses in the Union's ability to respond to the changing international environment. As the Amsterdam Treaty entered into effect on 1 May 1999, the EU marked a …
The Increase In Intergenerational African American Families Headed By Grandmothers, Dorothy S. Ruiz, Iris Carlton-Laney
The Increase In Intergenerational African American Families Headed By Grandmothers, Dorothy S. Ruiz, Iris Carlton-Laney
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
This article analyzes census data on grandparent heads of household. Information on African American grandparents, grandmothers in particular, is the focus of this analysis. The data include a profile of African American grandparent householders, reasons for the increase in households headed by grandparents, challenges and problems, living arrangements/household characteristics, and implications for practice. African American children are more likely to live in the home of their grandparents than are White or Hispanic children. In 1993, 12 percent of African American children lived in the home of their grandparent in comparison to 4 percent for Whites and 6 percent for Hispanics. …
Protection, Prizes Or Patrons? Explaining The Origins And Maintenance Of Human Services Interest Groups, Richard Hoefer
Protection, Prizes Or Patrons? Explaining The Origins And Maintenance Of Human Services Interest Groups, Richard Hoefer
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
Little work has been done to understand the origins of human service interest groups or how they maintain themselves once founded. This paper tests three models of interest group origins and maintenance: a pluralist approach in which groups form and con tinue because they protect members' interests; a rational actor model in which groups form and are maintained because they offer members "prizes" that are more valuable than the costs of joining; and a patronage model in which groups form and continue because financial backers are willing to support them financially. Results show support for the "protection" and "patrons" models …
Journal Of Sociology & Social Welfare Vol. 26, No. 4 (December 1999)
Journal Of Sociology & Social Welfare Vol. 26, No. 4 (December 1999)
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
TABLE OF CONTENTS
- THE URBAN ECOLOGY OF HOSPITAL FAILURE: HOSPITAL CLOSURES IN THE CITY OF CHICAGO, 1970-1991 - Gunnar Alm gren & Miquel Ferguson
- THE SOCIAL PROCESS OF "PASSING" TO MANAGE STIGMA: ACTS OF INTERNALIZED OPPRESSION OR ACTS OF RESISTANCE? - Valli Kalei Kanuha
- CONTRIBUTIONS OF FOREIGN-BASED AUTHORS TO SELECTED SOCIAL WORK JOURNALS IN THE UNITED STATES - Muammer Cetingok
- USING PROFESSIONALLY TRAINED ACTORS IN SOCIAL WORK ROLE-PLAY SIMULATIONS - Helen E. Petracchi
- THE INCREASE IN INTERGENERATIONAL AFRICAN AMERICAN FAMILIES HEADED BY GRANDMOTHERS - Dorothy S. Ruiz & Iris Carlton-LaNey
- MELTING MULTICULTURALISM? LEGACIES OF ASSIMILATION PRESSURES IN HUMAN SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS …
Review Of Shifting The Color Line: Race And The American Welfare State. Robert C. Lieberman. Reviewed By Jill Quadagno, Florida State University, Jill Quadagno
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
Book review of Shifting the Color Line: Race and the American Welfare State. Robert C. Lieberman. Reviewed by Jill Quadagno, Florida State University
Using Professionally Trained Actors In Social Work Role-Play Simulations, Helen E. Petracchi
Using Professionally Trained Actors In Social Work Role-Play Simulations, Helen E. Petracchi
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
The literature available to social work educators contains limited discussion of the use of role play simulation in the classroom. This paper presents the experiences of first-year MSW students in a foundation generalist practice class who were evaluated using role play for their final examination. In a unique arrangement, clients in these simulations were role-played by firstyear acting students from the university's theater arts department. The reaction of the social work students to role play with professionally trained actors is described and discussed from voluntarily submitted descriptions of the experience.
Perceiving Oppression: Relationships With Resilience, Self-Esteem, Depressive Symptoms, And Reliance On God In African-American Homeless Men, Jill Littrell, Elizabeth Beck
Perceiving Oppression: Relationships With Resilience, Self-Esteem, Depressive Symptoms, And Reliance On God In African-American Homeless Men, Jill Littrell, Elizabeth Beck
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
Empowerment has been proffered as a desirable goal for many disadvantaged populations. The process of empowerment can include encouraging disadvantaged individuals to recognize the structural factors in society (e.g., discrimination, oppression, injustice) which contribute to disadvantaged status. Two studies sought to determine the impact that recognition of oppression has on a disadvantaged individual's (1) self-esteem; (2) level of depressive symptoms; (3) resilience which includes a sense of master y and optimism; (4) anger; and (5) reliance on God. These issues were investiga ted in a sample of African-American men seeking services at a soup-kitchen ministry. Perceptions of racial discrimination were …
Review Of Forming Nation: Framing Welfare. Gail Lewis (Ed.). Reviewed By Leslie Leighninger, Louisiana State University, Leslie Leighninger
Review Of Forming Nation: Framing Welfare. Gail Lewis (Ed.). Reviewed By Leslie Leighninger, Louisiana State University, Leslie Leighninger
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
Book review of Gail Lewis (Ed.) Forming Nation: Framing Welfare. New York: Routledge, 1998. $75.00 hardcover, $22.99 papercover.
The Future Of Banking: A Political Analysis For 1999 And Beyond, John Maffey
The Future Of Banking: A Political Analysis For 1999 And Beyond, John Maffey
Masters Theses
This study focuses on the cycle of politics and banking by analyzing the relationship amongst the three primary actors within the domestic financial subsystem; regulatory agencies, the banking industry, and members of Congress. The cycle consists of three stages; loosening or deregulatory behavior, tightening or reregulatory activity, and re-loosening, which is a return to deregulation. Legislation does not distinguish the stages, rather it ratifies existing behavior. Prior to legislative action, regulators grant bankers similar authority in an effort to enhance profitability or fend off competitors. Regulatory agencies provide mostly objective, non-partisan advice to Congress and supervision of the industry, acting …
Symbolic Politics: Government's War Against The Working Class, Warren Charles Gregory
Symbolic Politics: Government's War Against The Working Class, Warren Charles Gregory
Dissertations
Symbolism and substance are essential parts of any political system. In our system of government, we typically think of symbolism as serving substantive ends. Using a triangulation of _methods (Participant Observation, Archival Data, and Documentary Evidence), the paper examines two cases (Social Security and criminal justice) and concludes that the mix between substance and symbolism has changed dramatically in recent years with symbolism now assuming the central role.
The current debates over Social Security funding and criminal justice sanctions, for example, are less about the concerns of old-age security or making the public safer as much as they reflect a …
The Social Process Of "Passing" To Manage Stigma: Acts Of Internalized Oppression Or Acts Of Resistance?, Valli Kalei Kanuha
The Social Process Of "Passing" To Manage Stigma: Acts Of Internalized Oppression Or Acts Of Resistance?, Valli Kalei Kanuha
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
In order to manage social stigma, some individuals construct and enact a social interaction strategy known as passing, which is "a performance in which one presents himself as what one is not" (Rohy, 1996). Based on interviews with lesbians and gay men of color, this article suggests that the process of passing is not based upon a rejection of stigmatized identity, but situationally employed to resist social oppression.
Review Of Challenges For Work And Family In The Twenty-First Century. Dana Vannoy And Paula J. Dubeck (Eds.). Reviewed By Blanche Grosswald, University Of California, Berkeley., Blanche Grosswald
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
Book review of Dana Vannoy and Paula J. Dubeck (Eds.), Challenges for Work and Family in the Twenty-First Century. Hawthorne, NY: Aldine de Gruyter, 1998. $43.95 hardcover, $21.95 papercover.
Review Of Cultural Awareness In The Human Services: A Multi-Cultural Approach. James Green. Reviewed By Yuhwa Eva Lu, New York University., Yuhwa Eva Lu
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
Book review of J. W. Green. (1999). Cultural Awareness in the Human Services: A Multi-Cultural Approach (3rd ed). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon. $33.95 papercover.
The Urban Ecology Of Hospital Failure: Hospital Closures In The City Of Chicago, 1970-1991, Gunnar Almgren, Miguel Ferguson
The Urban Ecology Of Hospital Failure: Hospital Closures In The City Of Chicago, 1970-1991, Gunnar Almgren, Miguel Ferguson
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
Abstract: Hospital closures occurred nationally with increasing frequency between 1970 and 1990. In particular, large urban areas experienced a dramatic number of closures. Of the 61 general hospitals operating in Chicago in 1970, 22 (36%) had closed by 1991. While a growing body of literature has examined the etiology and determinants of hospital closure over the last two decades, few empirical studies have focused on the neighborhood correlates of closure, and none have examined specific health outcomes associated with hospital failure. This study uses census and Chicago hospital closure data to compare and contrast different conceptual explanations of closure in …
Stress At A Juvenile Detention Center: Identifying Stressors And Examining The Coping Process, Matthew J. Schmid
Stress At A Juvenile Detention Center: Identifying Stressors And Examining The Coping Process, Matthew J. Schmid
Masters Theses
In the examination of the literature dealing with stress as it relates to corrections, normally "juvenile corrections workers are not considered, due to the dearth of stress-related research" (Huckabbe, 1992, p. 479). This thesis is a qualitative project designed to analyze detention workers' views on stress. I was interested in finding out the following two things: (1) the workers' identification of the major stressors in their job, and (2) the ways the workers coped with the stressors identified.
Structured interviews were conducted with one third (12) of the detention staff that worked at a forty bed juvenile detention center in …
Discriminative Stimulus Effects Of (+)-7-Oh-Dpat In Rats: Importance Of D3 Receptors, April J. Christian
Discriminative Stimulus Effects Of (+)-7-Oh-Dpat In Rats: Importance Of D3 Receptors, April J. Christian
Masters Theses
Despite the reported relatively high binding affinity of 7-OH-DPAT to dopamine D3 receptors, results of recent investigations with the highly selective 03 receptor antagonist, PNU-99194A have questioned the importance of 03 receptors in the discriminative stimulus effects of 7-OH-DPAT. In the present study, sixteen male Sprague- Dawley rats (N=8/group) were trained to discriminate (+)- 7-OH-DPAT (0.03 mg/kg, sc) from saline in a two-lever operant procedure using a fixed-ratio 20 schedule of water reinforcement. After stable performance was established, substitution tests were conducted with the D3-prefering agonist, (+)-PD-128907 and the psychostimulant cocaine. Additionally, antagonism were conducted with the …
Ethics In Forensic Anthropology: The Evaluation Of The Forensic Anthropologist As An Expert Witness, Brent D. Benzing
Ethics In Forensic Anthropology: The Evaluation Of The Forensic Anthropologist As An Expert Witness, Brent D. Benzing
Masters Theses
Within the last two decades technological advancement has enabled the forensic sciences to become much more highly complex and has provided the legal system with a specialized means of interpreting scientific evidence. In this regard, the forensic anthropologist has seen an increasing amount of time spent as an expert witness in judicial proceedings. However, expert courtroom testimony requires that a scientific witness be knowledgeable, accredited, and ethical in his representation of the discipline. This thesis studies the state of ethics among Diplomates in the American Board of Forensic Anthropology.
A survey was designed and sent to Diplomates of the A.B.F.A. …
The Educational Nature Reserve Problem: Selecting A Prairie Reserve Location For The Kalamazoo Nature Center, Theresa M. Mau-Crimmins
The Educational Nature Reserve Problem: Selecting A Prairie Reserve Location For The Kalamazoo Nature Center, Theresa M. Mau-Crimmins
Masters Theses
This study investigates a complex location-planning problem that is often faced by managers of nature centers: how to select sites on which to position new habitat reserves. Mission statements of these establishments often indicate objectives of habitat preservation and public education. Inherent in land preservation is a limited amount of traffic through the area. In contrast, in order for visitors to fully experience an ecosystem, access to the site is required.
In order to address site selection problems at such institutions, the Educational Nature Reserve Model was developed. This model fits situations in which the conflicting goals of conservation and …
Dermatoglyphic Analysis Of Male Criminals, Jeremy Matyas
Dermatoglyphic Analysis Of Male Criminals, Jeremy Matyas
Masters Theses
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between genetics and criminal behavior. Using specific dermatoglyphic features of 100 Caucasian male criminals, comparisons were made to a comparable control group of noncriminals. Dermatoglyphics are known to be, in part, genetically determined. Differences between the non-criminal and criminal samples would support the belief that certain criminal behaviors are genetically determined.
Statistical tests were performed on the dermatoglyphic pattern types and ridge counts of the criminal and non-criminal samples. There were three tests of the total ridge counts (TRC) that were found to be statistically significant. The principal difference was …
The Estimation Of Rape Prevalence: A Reflexive Account Of The Construction And Pretesting Of A New Questionnaire, Edith Marie Fisher
The Estimation Of Rape Prevalence: A Reflexive Account Of The Construction And Pretesting Of A New Questionnaire, Edith Marie Fisher
Masters Theses
A review of the rape literature and current assessment suggests that research done in this highly sensitive area is especially vulnerable to response effects. Comparisons between studies is problematic due to vast differences in the conceptualizations of rape, the wording and context of the questions used to solicit data as well as the method of data collection. I created a new rape prevalence questionnaire with the intent of decreasing response effects. I conducted 15 semi-structured pretest interviews with female Western Michigan University students and three pilot tests, in which 30 telephone interviews were completed, 30 personal interviews were completed, and …
The Biphobia Scale: Development And Validation, Patrick S. Mulick
The Biphobia Scale: Development And Validation, Patrick S. Mulick
Masters Theses
Sexual orientation is generally assessed as a dichotomous variable, rather than a continuous variable. According to this classification the concept of bisexuality does not exist and there is a dearth of research for the construct. Some theorists believe that this lack of knowledge has led to fear and discrimination of bisexual individuals (Ochs, 1996; Rust, 1993). Biphobia, defined as negative attitudes about bisexuality and bisexual individuals, is a psychological construct that is not well understood. There has been a recent resurgence of interest in bisexuality and biphobia but there are currently limited empirical investigations examining the constructs. And, no scale …
Majority And Minority Supervisees' Perceptions Of Clinical Supervision, Vivian Barnette
Majority And Minority Supervisees' Perceptions Of Clinical Supervision, Vivian Barnette
Dissertations
Perceptions of clinical supervision of 175 majority and minority counseling psychology doctoral students selected from a national pool was the study’s focal point. Instruments used were the Revised Relational Inventory (RRI; Barrett- Lennard, 1962; Schacht, Howe, & Berman, 1988) and the Supervision Perception Form-Trainee (SPF-T) developed by Heppner and Roehlke (1984). Participants were instructed to based their ratings on their last supervision experience. Data were collected and scored on the five subscales o f the RRI (Congruence, Empathetic Understanding, Regard, Unconditionality, and Willingness to be Known) and the two subscales of the SPF-T (Willingness to Learn and Supervisory Impact).
A …
Comparing Outcome O F Residential And Intensive Outpatient Treatment Services For Substance Dependence, Shawn E. Channell
Comparing Outcome O F Residential And Intensive Outpatient Treatment Services For Substance Dependence, Shawn E. Channell
Dissertations
The past 20 years have witnessed a significant increase in the number of published studies comparing inpatient with outpatient substance dependence treatment The majority of these studies have reported no benefit for those recipients receiving more intensive treatment However, the outpatient treatment investigated in these studies has typically been day treatment often involving 27 hours a week of participation, and not intensive outpatient treatment (IOP), which involves 12 or fewer hours of participation per week. Additionally, few published studies have compared alcohol and cocaine dependent populations. This study was designed to compare effectiveness of the residential and intensive outpatient levels …
Site-Based Management And Student Achievement, Roxana Marie Hopkins
Site-Based Management And Student Achievement, Roxana Marie Hopkins
Dissertations
The question that this study seeks to answer is. Does site-based management increase student achievement? Researchers believe that when a school can function more like a closed system, involved in site-based decision making, the culture of the organization may be more conducive to higher student achievement. This study has attempted to determine if there is a basis for this belief.
Supporting the study are three organization theories. Bureaucracy Theory, Systems Theory, and Human Resource Development Theory. These three theories run like threads in a tapestry throughout the research and legislation upon which this research is developed.
Researchers, up to this …
Implementing Organizational Change In A Public Agency, David E. Freed
Implementing Organizational Change In A Public Agency, David E. Freed
Dissertations
A major challenge that faces most institutions is that of adapting to and managing change. The leadership of an organization is a key focal point for analyzing how change is accomplished.
This study examines both a theoretical and practical approach to the study of organizational and cultural change. The focus is a public agency and the actions and decision processes of the top leadership relating to organizational and cultural change during the period 1992 to 1995.
From the theoretical perspective, Karl Weick’s approach called sensemaking is examined and a model is created. Sensemaking is an activity that is an explanatory …
The Validity Of The Adhd Section Of The Diagnostic Interview Schedule For Children, Ann M. Mcgrath
The Validity Of The Adhd Section Of The Diagnostic Interview Schedule For Children, Ann M. Mcgrath
Dissertations
The purpose o f this study was to learn more about the validity o f the ADHD portion of the NIMH-DISCIV. In order to accomplish this goal, 58 youth participants were divided into three groups: (1) subjects who met criteria for ADHD based upon both the youth and the caretaker versions of the DISC; (2) subjects who met criteria for ADHD based upon the caretaker DISC, but not according to the youth DISC; and (3) subjects who did not meet criteria for ADHD according to either the youth or the caretaker DISC. Subjects in these groups were compared across parent …
Foundations Of Board Development: Theory And Practice In Community Service Organizations, David P. Moxley
Foundations Of Board Development: Theory And Practice In Community Service Organizations, David P. Moxley
Dissertations
As community service agencies become increasingly responsible for the provision of numerous social benefits relevant to the advancement of the social welfare of communities, the effective performance of their governance boards becomes an important aspect of a policy of privatization. This dissertation examines the role of these boards in contemporary human services and community development, and the important functions they serve in the effective transfer of social products, goods, and services from the public to nonprofit sector.
The author introduces the idea of board development as an imperative for community service boards to embrace in order to strengthen their service …
Perceptions Of The Division Of Labor Roles In Dual-Career Households Of Married African American Couples, Karolyn H. Thompson
Perceptions Of The Division Of Labor Roles In Dual-Career Households Of Married African American Couples, Karolyn H. Thompson
Dissertations
Perceptions and experiences among married African American couples residing in the Southeastern United States were examined in terms of the performance of tasks and childcare giving in dual-career households. A qualitative approach was used in this study and was guided by conceptual frameworks of cultural variations that include behaviors, attitudes, values, and beliefs. In-depth interviews conducted in the couples’ homes were used for data collection. The research population included 15 married African American couples affiliated with a Greek fraternal organization located in the Southeast. The couples were selected using purposeful sampling.
Participant perceptions of the division of labor roles in …
Contributions Of Foreign-Based Authors To Selected Social Work Journals In The United States, Muammer Cetingok
Contributions Of Foreign-Based Authors To Selected Social Work Journals In The United States, Muammer Cetingok
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
This study examines the contributions of foreign-based authors to thirty three social work journals in the US between 1977-1996. Analysis indicates that authors based in Canada, Israel, Australia and Great Britain are the highest contributors to primarily nine journals. Findings have implications for global social work education and practice.
Melting Multiculturalism? Legacies Of Assimilation Pressures In Human Service Organizations, Darlene L. Piña, Laura Canty-Swapp
Melting Multiculturalism? Legacies Of Assimilation Pressures In Human Service Organizations, Darlene L. Piña, Laura Canty-Swapp
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
This paper examines non-profit human service agency workers' discussions of their work with diverse clients. These conversations are understood within the competing social agendas of multiculturalism and assimilation, and they suggest how service providers may resist or perpetuate the social control of people of color. Findings revealed that people of color were often excluded from providers' notions of American identity. It was common for providers, both whites and people of color, to both wittingly and unwittingly describe pressures to assimilate their clients. Providers disagreed on the merits and consequences of these assimilation pressures, with some seeing harm done to themselves …