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Pralrle Basin Wetlands Of The Dakotas: A Communlty Profile, Harold L. Kantrud, Gary L. Krapu, George A. Swanson

USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center

This description of prairie basin wetlands of the Dakotas is part of a series of community profiles on ecologically important wetlands of national significance. The shallow wetlands of the Dakotas form the bulk of the portion of the Prairie Pothole Region lying within the United States. This region is famous as the producer of at least half of North America's waterfowl and an unknown, but large, proportion of other prairie-dwelling marsh and aquatic birds. The wetlands described here lie in relatively small, shallaw basins that vary greatly in their ability to maintain surface water, and in their water chemistry, which …

Fm 8-10-8, Medical Intelligence In A Theater Of Operations, July 1989, Us Army, Academy Of Health Sciences, Robert Bolin , Depositor

Department of Defense Military Intelligence

This manual explains the importance of medical intelligence in planning and execution of military operations. It describes the responsibilities of medical and intelligence staffs and personnel at each echelon especially within a US military command in the field. It explains the role and functions of the Armed Forces Medical Intelligence Center which provides “medical scientific and technical intelligence and general medical intelligence” for the US Armed Forces.

The manual explains procedures used to report intelligence information and to request intelligence reports as well as the forms used for those purposes.

The references anticipated the publication of an overdue updated to …

Blowouts In The Nebraska Sandhills: The Habitat Of Penstemon Haydenii, James Stubbendieck, Theresa R. Flessner, Ronald Weedon

Proceedings of the North American Prairie Conferences

The Nebraska Sandhills is the largest area of sand dunes in the Western Hemisphere, occupying over 5 million ha in northcentral Nebraska. The rolling to steep dunes range in height from a few meters to over 60 m. Soils are poorly developed in wind deposited sand. The continental climate is characterized by 425 to 625 mm of annual precipitation, an average annual temperature of 10 C, and a frost-free period of 130-155 days. Upland vegetation is primarily tall grasses and midgrasses such as sand bluestem [Andropogon gerardii var. paucipilus (Nash) Fern.], prairie sandreed [CaLamovilfa Longifolia (Hook.) Scribn.], little bluestem …

Designing With Prairie: A Heideggerian Hermeneutical Analysis, Evelyn A. Howell, Dave Egan

Proceedings of the North American Prairie Conferences

Landscape architects have been advocating the use of native species in designs for over 100 years. This Heideggerian hermeneutical analysis of the work of authors from 1919 to 1929 yields several underlying themes regarding the use of native species: 1) biological conservation (preservation), 2) possession (control of human-ordered world), 3) promotion of national and regional identity, 4) spirituality, and 5) aesthetics. The prairie-inspired designs of Jens Jensen, Darrel Morrison, and John Diekelmann illustrate the ways in which the emphasis placed on these themes and different assumptions about "prairie" influence the resultant plantings. Jensen's works are meant to evoke the relationship …

Establishing Warm-Season Grasses And Forbs Using Herbicides And Mowing, Thomas B. Bragg, David M. Sutherland

Proceedings of the North American Prairie Conferences

The objective of this study was to provide a preliminary assessment of the use of selected herbicides in establishing a diverse stand of prairie grasses and forbs. An upland and a lowland site in eastern Nebraska, consisting of well-drained, fine-silty clay, loess-derived soils, were seeded with 23 native prairie grass and forb species and subsequently mowed or treated at rates of 0.6, 1.1, 1.7, and 2.2 kg/ha with atrazine [6-chloro-Nethyl- N' -(l-methylethyl)-l ,3,S-triazine-2,4-diamine] or 2,4-0 (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). Treatments were applied at one and two-year intervals. Canopy cover in unreplicated treatment areas (12 x 30 m) was evaluated in ten randomly …

Establishment Of Grasses On Sewage Sludge-Amended Strip Mine Spoils, Cassandra S. Rodgers, Roger C. Anderson

Proceedings of the North American Prairie Conferences

Usefulness of native prairie and domesticated grasses in re-vegetating strip mine spoil and producing biomass was examined on 30-year old, recontoured spoil banks located near Canton, Illinois. Grasses were planted in the spring and fall on strip mine spoil and spoil amended with 333 MT/ha of dry sewage sludge. By the end of the second growing season, indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash] produced more biomass than the other warm-season grasses, switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and little bluestem [Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash], on the unamended plots, and no warm-season grasses survived on the sludge amended plots. Warm-season grasses were …

Forage Value Of Weed Species In A Grass Seeding, B. K. Lawrence, S. S. Waller, L. E. Moser, Bruce Anderson, L. L. Larson

Proceedings of the North American Prairie Conferences

Weeds are a major problem in seeding rangeland and cropland to native grasses. However, many immature weedy forbs and grasses are palatable to cattle. Research was conducted using yearling cattle for weed control in big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii var. gerardii Vitman) seedings (1987, 1988) at Mead, Nebraska on a Sharpsburg silty clay loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Typic Argiudoll) soil. Prominent volunteer species were annual foxtails (Setaria spp. Beauv.), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus SSL.), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medic.), and common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.). Cattle consumed annual foxtails and redroot pigweed, but did not consume velvetleaf …

Impact Of Railroad Management And Abandonment On Prairie Relicts, John A. Harrington, Mark Leach

Proceedings of the North American Prairie Conferences

A field survey was begun in 1986 to determine the status of prairie vegetation on railroad rights-of-way in Wisconsin. Two % of 849 sample points located at 1.6 km intervals along railroads were found to contain relatively high quality prairie, and 23 % contained slightly degraded prairie. A significant proportion of these remnants contained mesic prairie, a community type which today is almost non-existent in Wisconsin and neighboring states. The linearity and fragmented state of these remnants, however, increase their susceptibility to invasion by woodland edge species. The lack of management that accompanies railroad abandonment has dramatically affected the ability …

Phenology Of Native Angiosperms Of South Padre Island, Texas, Robert I. Lonard, Frank W. Judd

Proceedings of the North American Prairie Conferences

Flowering and fruiting patterns for 74 species of native angiospenns were studied on South Padre Island, Texas, from May 1984 to May 1986. Four patterns were recognized: 1) a continuous cycle of flowering and fruiting; 2) a cycle limited to spring through autumn; 3) a two season regime, either spring-summer or summer-fall; and 4) a cycle completed in one season or less (spring or fall). Marked year-to-year variation occurred in flowering and fruiting responses within individual species. Only one-fifth ofthe species exhibited the same monthly patterns in successive years. Number of species in flower or fruit was significantly correlated with …

Proceedings Of The Eleventh North American Prairie Conference: Index To Authors And Key Words

Proceedings of the North American Prairie Conferences

Index to Authors and Key Words

Rodents And Shrews In Un-Grazed Tallgrass Prairie Manipulated By Fire, Donald W. Kaufman, Glennis A. Kaufman, Elmer J. Finck

Proceedings of the North American Prairie Conferences

Natural prairie was a mosaic of patches of depths of plant litter due to topoedaphic conditions and to spatial-temporal variation in fire and grazing. Such variation in litter depth undoubtedly influenced the distribution and abundance of small mammals. To examine this issue, small mammals were censused and plant litter depth was measured during autumn from 1981 to 1984 on the Konza Prairie Research Natural Area near Manhattan, Kansas. Five to 11 sites subjected to fire at different times from 1967 to 1984 were sampled during each of the four years of the study. Relative densities of deer mice (Peromyscus …

Silica, Nitrogen, And Phosphorus Dynamics Of Tallgrass Prairie, T. R. Seastedt, R. A. Ramundo, D. C. Hayes

Proceedings of the North American Prairie Conferences

Experiments were conducted on big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) 10 the greenhouse and on a tallgrass site on Konza Prairie to evaluate the effects of simulated grazing on the cycling of silica (SiO₂), nitrogen, and phosphorus. Concentrations of all elements increased in vegetation that had been clipped or pruned. The absolute amount of nitrogen obtained by plants 10 the greenhouse experiment was increased by clipping foliage. Phosphorus exhibited only neutral or negative responses, while the absolute amount of silica declined in all but one experiment involving root pruning. In that experiment, the absolute amount of silica in …

The Future Of A Prolific Variant Of Eastern Gamagrass, Laura Jackson, Chet Dewald

Proceedings of the North American Prairie Conferences

Eastern gamagrass [Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.] is currently being selected for higher forage yield. A prolific variant which can produce up to 20 times the number and 3 times the weight of seeds of a normal plant was found in a wild population and is now instrumental in the breeding program. Could this prolific type spread in wild populations? Vegetative vigor of mature plants was assessed by clipping plants to a 7 cm height every two weeks throughout the growing season. The two types did not differ in dry weight of regrowth, suggesting that they tolerate defoliation equally. Seed …

Remarks By The President At Swearing-In Ceremony Of Secretary Of Agriculture Clayton Yeutter, Clayton K. Yeutter

Clayton K. Yeutter, U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Papers

THE PRESIDENT: Thank you, Peter, and all the members of the Cabinet; the members of the United States Congress here; distinguished ambassadors and others. I've come over here today for the swearing-in of our Secretary. Clayton Yeutter is about to make an enduring commitment to this Department and I should acknowledge the fact that I think five of his predecessors are here today -- Democrats and Republicans which I think gives him an extraordinarily good send-off. There's a difference, you know, between involvement and commitment. You all know it. Remember the old farmer making eggs and bacon. The chicken is …

Excerpts Of Remarks By Secretary Of Agriculture Clayton Yeutter At His Swearing-In Ceremony In The Usda Patio February 16, 1989, Clayton K. Yeutter

Clayton K. Yeutter, U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Papers

Thank you very much ladies and gentlemen. It's a marvelous privilege, pleasure and opportunity for me to be here this morning. As I look out over this audience I see a multitude of long-time friends and I am so pleased and gratified that all of you were willing to take time out of your hectic and demanding schedules to be here and share this occasion with us. I am not going to make any profound policy pronouncements this morning. I'd like to basically concentrate in my very short time with you on some comments about people.

Review Of A Generation Of Boomers: The Pattern Of Railroad Labor Conflict In Nineteenth-Century America., Russell S. Kirby

Great Plains Quarterly

In this ambitious volume the author interprets the nascent railroad labor movement of the late nineteenth century within a broad socio- economic framework. "Boomers," the subject of this book, built and maintained the railroad lines, serviced the locomotives and running stock, manned the freight yards, ran and conducted the trains. Although many of these men had transitory employment histories, others demonstrated both geographical persistence and upward occupational mobility within the railroad industry. As Shelton Stromquist demonstrates, strike behavior on the railroads of the late nineteenth century was related to railroad management strategies, the locations of railroad towns or railroad lines …

Notes And News For Vol.3 No.9

Great Plains Quarterly

No abstract provided.

Review Of Indian Education In Canada: Volume 2: The Challenge, Dana F. Lawrence

Great Plains Quarterly

This twelve-essay volume follows Volume 1: The Legacy. Together they offer a comprehensive history of Indian education in Canada as well as a survey of current issues and future directions. Volume 2 has nine Indian/Metis authors, reflecting the move toward self-determination not only in Canada but in indigenous populations the world over. In Canada the movement has rallied around the phrase "Indian Control of Indian Education" and Volume 2: The Challenge addresses this topic.

Review Of Ole Edvart Rölvaag, Rodney P. Rice

Great Plains Quarterly

This welcome addition to the Western Writers Series differs from other studies on Rolvaag because it attempts to place him within the broader context of American literature rather than strictly within ethnic or geographic boundaries. Moseley argues that Rölvaag, like many American authors before him, successfully combines elements of realism, naturalism, and myth not only to reveal the inherent contradictions in the frontier experience but also to examine universal themes such as the conflict between Old World tradition and New World individuality. The result is a convincing, perceptive, and reliable introduction to Rolvaag's fiction, useful to all students of American …

Review Of Sentinel Of The Southern Plains: Fort Richardson And The Northwest Texas Frontier, 1866-1878, Michael L. Tate

Great Plains Quarterly

Slightly more than a century ag9 the dreaded "Comanche Moon" of each month virtually assured devastating Indian raids upon the isolated ranches of Texas' northwestern frontier. No issue raised more ire in the state legislature or produced more animosity between state and federal officials than did this. To protect these exposed settlements, the War Department established a thin line of military posts from the Red River to the Rio Grande. Anchoring the northern zone was Fort Richardson, established in 1866 with a garrison to patrol the upper Brazos River country and to tum back raiding parties of Comanches and Kiowas …

Review Of Documenting America, 1935-1943, John E. Carter

Great Plains Quarterly

The work of the photographic section of the Farm Security Administration has not suffered for want of attention. Countless books and articles have proliferated in both the popular and scholarly press. Documenting America, 1935-1943 is an important contribution to that body of work. Where other efforts have focused on the powerful content of the pictures, this book deals with the context of their creation as well.

Review Of Oklahoma Botanical Literature, M. R. Bolick

Great Plains Quarterly

Johnson and Milby have produced a valuable bibliographic aid for the serious student of the flora of the southern Great Plains. The listing, in one place, of 862 references from such diverse sources is a major contribution by itself. The addition of indexes for authors and subject-incontext greatly increases the utility of this reference book, making it easy to search among all 800-plus citations for ones of particular interest. This book should find a home in biology libraries across the region.

Review Of The World Of The Crow Indians: As Driftwood Lodges, C. Adrian Heidenreich

Great Plains Quarterly

In this relatively short book, Frey seeks to describe the world view of the Crow (Apsaalooke) Indians of Montana. He places his description within the sociocultural context of the contemporary reservation and uses two key metaphors drawn from the Crow people, first, shifting bundles of driftwood that lodge and cling together in a turbulent river, and second a "medicine" or wagon wheel where the hub and the circumference are connected by distinct spokes. The Crow world is interpreted as one in which everything-human, animal, plant, land, and spirit-is interconnected, and the metaphors provide "symbolism of diversity and unity, receptivity and …

Review Of The Blackfoot Confederacy, 1880-1920: A Comparative Study Of Canadian And U. S. Indian Policy, Calvin Luther Martin

Great Plains Quarterly

"God"-read the brass buttons on the Indian police uniforms, "God helps those who help themselves" (p. 61). The picture stamped on the button showed what was intended to be an Indian farmer diligently turning the earth "wrong side up" (p. 57) behind a horse-drawn plow. Thrift, hard work, individualism, promise of a better life, the great American myth of the yeoman farmer-that little clasp packed a lot of message. Samek's book details how both Canadian and American bureaucrats, humanitarians philanthropists, and missionaries tried mightily to instill that very message in the hearts and minds of their Blackfoot Indian wards at …

Breeding Bird Populations Of A Floodplain Tallgrass Prairie In Kansas, Calvin Cink, Peter Lowther

Proceedings of the North American Prairie Conferences

Breeding birds were censused yearly from 1974-1988 on a 10.1 ha floodplain tallgrass prairie, a portion of the Baker Wetlands Research Area on the south edge of Lawrence, Kansas. Dickcissels (Spiza americana) were the most abundant species, with densities about six times greater than in the Flint Hills tallgrass prairie (149 territorial males/km² VS. 25/ km²). This may be due to availability of moisture and associated density of grass stems and insect production. The bird community in the floodplain prairie however, is less diverse (5 species VS. 10 species). Grasshopper sparrows (Ammodramus savannarum) …

Blowout Penstemon: Description And Present Situation, Joyce Phillips Hardy, Ronald R. Weedon, William R. Bowlin

Proceedings of the North American Prairie Conferences

Blowout penstemon (Penstemon haydenii S. Wats.) appears to be the rarest flowering plant species endemic to Nebraska. It has received a great deal of attention, for endemism is rare in Great Plains states. This attractive species is confined to a small number of active blowout areas in the Nebraska Sandhills, often in relatively small colonies that are many kilometers apart in a relatively vast grassland. Blowout penstemon, thus, is confined to particular habitats which have distinct boundaries in space. It is also successional in nature, which places individual colonies in distinct and, perhaps, limited boundaries in time. It is …

Effects Of Manipulation On Foliage Characteristics Of Andropogon Gerardii Vitman, Rosemary A. Ramundo, T. Dawn Shapley, C. L. Turner, M. I. Dyer, T. R. Seastedt

Proceedings of the North American Prairie Conferences

The effects of burning, mowing, and nitrogen fertilizer on the chlorophyll, nitrogen, and phosphorus content of big bluestem were measured using a factorial experimental design at Konza Prairie Research Natural Area. While spring burning usually increased foliage production, burning had no effect on mid-season chlorophyll or nitrogen concentrations. Chlorophyll concentrations were significantly increased by fertilizer and mowing treatments. Nitrogen concentrations of foliage were higher on fertilized and mowed plots. Mowing also increased phosphorus concentrations of foliage, but nitrogen fertilizer significantly reduced phosphorus concentrations. These results support other research indicating that: 1) nitrogen use efficiency (grams biomass produced per gram of …

Effect Of Two Cutting Treatments On Aspen In Prairie, Virginia M. Kline

Proceedings of the North American Prairie Conferences

Two cutting treatments were tested for aspen control in two southern Wisconsin prairies: Pasque Flower Hill (PFH) , a steep hillside remnant, and Greene Prairie (GP), a restored prairie on sandy soil. The treatments, applied 25-26 June 1984, were: (1) A single cut at the base of the stem and (2) A cut that removed about one-third of the stem, followed 20-24 hours later by a basal cut. In 1986, both sites were burned in early spring, the usual management procedure for these prairies. At GP, aspen stem densities at the end of the experiment were similar in the control …

Effect Of Eastern Red Cedar On Seedling Establishment Of Prairie Plants, Dan J. Stipe, Thomas B. Bragg

Proceedings of the North American Prairie Conferences

To test the hypothesis that eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana L.) is allelopathic, seedling establishment of five herbaceous prairie species was evaluated by growing seeds in soil collected beneath and adjacent to a stand of this tree species. While four species showed no significant effect, the germination of one species, finger coreopsis (Coreopsis palmata Nutt.), was significantly reduced. Since eastern red cedar is an early invader of unburned prairie, such an allelopathic effect, even on only a few species, is of particular concern in that it has the potential to hasten degradation of invaded prairie sites.

Effects Of Prescribed Fire On Small Mammals In Aspen Parkland, Garry C. Trottier, Ludwig N. Carbyn, George W. Scotter

Proceedings of the North American Prairie Conferences

Relative abundance of small mammals was monitored in an area of aspen parkland burned periodically in spring or fall over eight years to control trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) encroachment into grassland meadows. Seven small mammal species were trapped on the burned and control areas. Meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus Ord) and red-backed voles (Clethrionomys gapperi Vigors) dominated the captures prior to burning. Meadow voles were the most abundant species trapped throughout the study, but abundance was affected by frequency of burning and habitat. After three vegetative growing seasons, meadow voles had not recovered to pre-burn abundance in …