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Articles 1 - 30 of 46
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Analysis Of Cost Estimation Disclosure In Environmental Impact Statements For Surface Transportation Projects, Joseph Sturm
Analysis Of Cost Estimation Disclosure In Environmental Impact Statements For Surface Transportation Projects, Joseph Sturm
All Theses
Cost estimates are a vital component of any transportation project, but they are particularly significant at the environmental review stage. The accuracy of these estimates in publicly-accessible environmental documents is important for decision making and public trust and is necessary for transportation agencies to make the best available decision to help an area address its transportation needs. However, national trends show that early cost estimates are systematically underestimated and rarely align with the actual future construction. This thesis contains five overlying objectives. Determine how costs are presented in environmental impact statements Find if costs are updated during the different review …
The Effectiveness Of Musical Stimuli In Spatial Audio Displays: An Empirical Investigation Of The Effects Of Volume And Spatial Processing Detail, Matthew Crisler
The Effectiveness Of Musical Stimuli In Spatial Audio Displays: An Empirical Investigation Of The Effects Of Volume And Spatial Processing Detail, Matthew Crisler
All Theses
Audio displays have potential to convey spatial information to users without taxing their visual resources, but have been shown to annoy some users. Musical stimuli have the potential to reduce user annoyance, but their potential to be localized spatially is untested. These experiments tested how well musical stimuli can be localized at different volumes and when using different spatial processing techniques to manipulate the spatial information.
The two experiments presented participants with brief musical stimuli simulating spatial locations between -40¡ and 40¡ from the saggital plane and asked participants to report the perceived direction of the sound. In Experiment 1, …
Radial Outflow In Teleoperation: A Possible Solution For Improving Depth Perception, Joshua Gomer
Radial Outflow In Teleoperation: A Possible Solution For Improving Depth Perception, Joshua Gomer
All Theses
Practical experience has shown that operators of remote robotic systems have difficulty perceiving aspects of remotely operated robots and their environments (e.g. Casper & Murphy, 2003). Operators often find it difficult, for example, to perceive accurately the distances and sizes of remote objects. Past research has demonstrated that employing a moveable camera that provides the operator optical motion allows for the perception of distance in the absence of other information about depth (Dash, 2004). In this experiment a camera was constrained to move only forward and backward, thus adding monocular radial outflow to the video stream. The ability of remote …
Importance And Availability Of Content And Communication Skills Among Entry-Level Interpretive Naturalists, Jonathan Ivey
Importance And Availability Of Content And Communication Skills Among Entry-Level Interpretive Naturalists, Jonathan Ivey
All Theses
Interpretation seeks to help visitors to make intellectual and emotional connections between themselves and park resources through a communication process. To accomplish this goal, interpreters must be intimately knowledgeable of park resources as well as excellent communicators. The details of what types of knowledge and communication skills are most important to interpretive naturalists have not been formally documented. Likewise, little is formally known about the availability of each skill in pools of entry-level applicants for interpretive positions. This study documented the varying importance and availability of content and communication skills for entry-level interpretive naturalists, based on the perceptions of experienced …
Leisure Constraints: Multiple Hileararchy Stratification Perspectives , Yunjin Tae
Leisure Constraints: Multiple Hileararchy Stratification Perspectives , Yunjin Tae
All Theses
The disadvantaged groups (elderly, gender, minorities, and individuals of lower SES) suffer from inequality of leisure participation. This study explores the theoretical frameworks of multiple hierarchy stratification in order to better understand the perceived constraints of leisure activities according to socio-demographic variables and how single and multiple statuses influence an individual's participation in leisure activities.
This study explores the relationship between leisure constraints and socio-demographic variables using cross tabulation, and investigate net effects of socio-demographic variables and combined effects of socio-demographic variables in two different types of leisure activities using binary regression.
The findings suggest that the disadvantaged groups have …
The Firm Size, Farm Size, And Transaction Costs: The Case Of Hazelnut Farms In Turkey, Ibrahim Demir
The Firm Size, Farm Size, And Transaction Costs: The Case Of Hazelnut Farms In Turkey, Ibrahim Demir
All Dissertations
ABSTRACT This study analyzes the determinants of the size of the hazelnut farms in Turkey within the framework of the theory of firm and transaction costs. This study argues that, for a farm production function, land is a complex input with many transaction cost-increasing interactions with nature. Natural effects, such as land slope and variation in the weather conditions, can increase transaction costs. Transaction costs are the costs of using the inputs necessary for production. This study utilizes two separate data sets in order to test if the predicted relationship between transaction costs and farm size holds. The first data …
Essays On Electricity Regulation And Restructuring, Earl Davis
Essays On Electricity Regulation And Restructuring, Earl Davis
All Dissertations
The study of the regulation of the electric power industry is important to understanding the role of the industry in the economic development of this country. These essays attempt to clarify the analysis and emphasize the salient features of regulation and the restructuring of the electric power industry and the organization of the firms that make up the industry.
Personality Predictors Of Motivation To Lead, Tracey Tafero
Personality Predictors Of Motivation To Lead, Tracey Tafero
All Dissertations
In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in understanding the relationship between personality traits and leadership. Recent research suggests that some personality variables are related to leadership. However, research has rarely examined the process by which personality may impact leadership. This study explores the relationship between personality and motivation to lead, a proposed intervening variable between personality and leadership. In addition, this study looks at both broad and narrow measures of personality as predictors of motivation to lead. The current study both replicates and extends the findings of Chan & Drasgow (2001). Results reveal that facet-level personality scales …
Essays On Sports Economics, Octavian Vasilescu
Essays On Sports Economics, Octavian Vasilescu
All Dissertations
The common thread behind the three papers presented here is the use of sports data to test economics theories. The effect of wage inequality on team production is an important question in labor economics. Data from sports are well suited to study this problem, with more than ten published papers in the last decade.In the first paper we analyze the effect of wage inequality both on team performance and efficiency, using data from Major League Baseball and a stochastic frontier model with a translog production function. Most studies have examined the impact of inequality within a linear framework, and found …
Examining The Effects Of Fatigue On Decision-Making In Nursing: A Policy-Capturing Approach, Laura Mcclelland
Examining The Effects Of Fatigue On Decision-Making In Nursing: A Policy-Capturing Approach, Laura Mcclelland
All Dissertations
Some previous research has focused on better understanding factors that influence nurses' decision-making; however, previous research has not used policy-capturing as a methodology to examine the impact of fatigue on registered nurses' decision-making. The purpose of the current study was to examine whether the fatigue of working a 12-hour day shift influenced a sample of registered nurses' decision-making. Participants consisted of 69 registered nurses working a 12-hour day shift from 7 AM to 7 PM at a large southeastern hospital. The participants completed a general questionnaire and a policy-capturing questionnaire at the beginning and at the end of a 12-hour …
The Enabling Potential Of Losses In Later Life: Linking Constraints To Selective Optimization With Compensation, Begum Aybar-Damali
The Enabling Potential Of Losses In Later Life: Linking Constraints To Selective Optimization With Compensation, Begum Aybar-Damali
All Dissertations
A substantial literature describes factors that prevent people from participating in and enjoying leisure and recreation activities. These factors have often been regarded as negative and helping individuals use strategies to maintain participation has been advised. The primary purpose of this study was to explore whether losses catalyzed selective optimization of resources. This exploratory research investigated the relationship among (1) life satisfaction, (2) change in leisure behavior, (3) life management strategies of selection, optimization, and compensation, (4) enhancement outcomes, and (5) leisure satisfaction. The participants of the study were recruited from older adults who attended activities and classes provided by …
Organizational Recruitment Web Sites: The Influence Of Web Site Aesthetics On Initial Affective Reactions To The Site And Subsequent Attraction To The Organization, Rebekkah Wills
All Theses
The present study examined the potential relationship between specific characteristics of organizational recruitment web sites and applicant attraction to the organization. Cober, Brown, Keeping, and Levy (2004) proposed a conceptual model that suggests web site aesthetics influence the applicant's attitude toward the web site which in turn influences applicant attraction. The current study provides a partial test of this model by examining web site aesthetics, prior attitudes toward the organization, initial affective reactions to the web site, perceptions of web site usability and post-viewing attitudes toward the site and the organization. Participants (N = 159) included undergraduate students using the …
An Experiment In Joint Product Price Optimization: Price Elasticities And Substitution Decisions Of The Hungry Barfly, Jeffrey Coursen
An Experiment In Joint Product Price Optimization: Price Elasticities And Substitution Decisions Of The Hungry Barfly, Jeffrey Coursen
All Theses
The subject of optimal pricing is consistently on the forefront of debate among firms in all market situations. Optimal pricing is further complicated when there are common resource inputs associated with the production of a multitude of different products. Economic theory has suggestions for pricing optimally in a variety of market conditions, from perfect competition, to perfect monopoly. This paper presents an experiment where a firm is attempting to optimally price multiple products with common cost inputs subject to monopolistic market conditions. The result supports the hypothesis of substitution amongst the product line relative to prices, as well as presents …
Parental Education Levels And Their Effect On First Year Retention And Grade Point Ratio, Jon Christiansen
Parental Education Levels And Their Effect On First Year Retention And Grade Point Ratio, Jon Christiansen
All Theses
Background/Problem: Education is an important factor in economic success. This research explores how relevant parental education is to their children's education by studying first year college retention as well as first year cumulative grade point ratio. Purpose: By what probability is retention increased on average if a mother or father becomes a high school graduate or a college graduate? Also, by what amount is grade point ratio affected if a mother or father becomes a high school graduate or a college graduate? Design and Methods: A random sample of 844 students who filled out the FAFSA at a southern public …
The Traveling Quilter: An Exploration Of The Influences On Travel Behavior, Christine Drais
The Traveling Quilter: An Exploration Of The Influences On Travel Behavior, Christine Drais
All Theses
ABSTRACT
Quilters have been traveling to regional, national, and international symposia since the beginning of the quilt revival in the 1970's (Bonesteel Films, (Producer), 2005, The Great American Quilt Revival, UNC-TV). These events have attracted large crowds, mostly women, yet there is little data about their travel behavior (L. Brodsky, Country Heritage Tours, personal conversation October 29, 2007). In response to the lack of information on quilting travel, this research was undertaken to determine if quilting experience, skill level and level of serious leisure predict quilting travel behavior.
This thesis examines experience use history in quilting (i.e., number of years …
Contracting For Force: The Effects Of Transaction Costs On Mercenary Employment By The Italian City States Of The 13th To 15th Centuries, Jack Anderson
All Theses
ABSTRACT The market for force in Italy through the 13th to 15th century is examined, through the medium of contracts between city states and mercenary soldiers. The historical era is divided into three distinct periods; each period is characterized by a typical contract type. Based on historical descriptions of these periods, it appears that the transaction costs associated with hiring private force providers varied significantly from period to period and regression analysis is performed in an attempt to determine the relationship between these costs and the number of private soldiers employed by the city states of Milan, Venice, and Florence …
An Analysis Of College Basketball Conference Structure, Conference Officials, And Their Potential Effect On Revenues, Kris Mcwhite
An Analysis Of College Basketball Conference Structure, Conference Officials, And Their Potential Effect On Revenues, Kris Mcwhite
All Dissertations
The NCAA men's basketball tournament paid out over $122 million to athletic conferences during the 2005-06 season alone. Using data from previous basketball seasons, I formulate a theory as to the actions athletic conferences may encourage their basketball referees to take in order to enhance their share of the purse. If we consider the individual team within a group of college teams acting as a division of the larger 'firm,' that being the conference and not an individual 'firm' itself, then it is appropriate to suggest a single team would allow actions that at first glance seem detrimental. Initial research …
Slavic Power And Turkic Nations: A Survey Of Western Scholarship On The History Of Russian Central Asia, Reed Peeples
Slavic Power And Turkic Nations: A Survey Of Western Scholarship On The History Of Russian Central Asia, Reed Peeples
All Theses
This thesis is surveys Western scholarship on the history of Russian Central Asia, from the Russian conquest of the region in 1867 through the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Special emphasis is given to how Western scholars have portrayed the Russian relationship with Islam, and to how the Islamic religion and Russian policy contributed to the development of nationalism and national identity in Turkestan. While there have been brief historiographical essays on scholarly trends on the topic, none have provided a comprehensive survey of the trends which have characterized the Western scholarship on the history of Russian Central …
Essays In Defense Economics: Veterans' Human Capital Accumulation And Military Procurement Choice, Sebastian Negrusa
Essays In Defense Economics: Veterans' Human Capital Accumulation And Military Procurement Choice, Sebastian Negrusa
All Dissertations
The first chapter estimates the effect of aid on schooling decisions by analyzing the education subsidy provided through the Montgomery GI Bill. The effects are identified by exploiting unanticipated variation in the real value of education benefits between the time an individual joins the military and the time of separation. Using micro-level panel data, we find that military veterans have an elasticity of college attendance with respect to the subsidy that ranges from 0.4 to 0.6. Recruits and veterans are allowed to form expectations under different scenarios about the real future value of the benefits. We find little effect of …
Toward A Model Of Intention To Perform Partnership Behaviors: An Application Of The Theory Of Planned Behavior, Melissa Weddell
Toward A Model Of Intention To Perform Partnership Behaviors: An Application Of The Theory Of Planned Behavior, Melissa Weddell
All Dissertations
The partnership phenomenon has received considerable attention as an alternative management strategy for public agencies. The current political culture of fiscal constraint and 'doing more with less' has caused a groundswell of interest in collaborative, partnering, and resource sharing arrangements (Selin & Myers, 1995). Partnership offers a process to increase involvement through democratic means and provide a viable approach for expanding the range of services offered, enhancing the opportunities of park visitors, and building a sense of community pride (Vaske, Donnelly, & LaPage, 1995). Partnerships between public agencies and corporations are rapidly becoming an accepted mechanism to generate additional park …
Qualitative Aspects Of Mate Availability And Their Effects On Intra-Household Bargaining Power, Brighita Negrusa
Qualitative Aspects Of Mate Availability And Their Effects On Intra-Household Bargaining Power, Brighita Negrusa
All Dissertations
This dissertation studies the impact of changes in outside marriage market opportunities on intra-household bargaining power. In the first chapter, I analyze the impact of the availability of healthy mates on intra-household bargaining power. I specify a marriage market matching model and test the main prediction that in marriage markets in which both healthy and frail men marry, an increase in the relative scarcity of healthy women enhances wives' bargaining power. This effect is estimated in a collective labor supply framework in which spousal bargaining power and labor supply are inversely related. I use CPS data and Census data on …
Physiological Compliance During Team Performance, Amanda Elkins
Physiological Compliance During Team Performance, Amanda Elkins
All Theses
Physiological compliance (PC) refers to the correlation between physiological measures of team members over time. The first goal of the current analyses was to generate several means to measure PC from heart rate variability (HRV) data. A second goal was to examine the relationship between PC and team performance during a building clearing task performed by 4-man teams. Teams were tasked with entering and clearing both real and simulated rooms populated with combatants (individuals with a weapon) and non-combatants (individuals without a weapon). Teams had to eliminate (shoot with a laser tag or simulated weapon) combatants and identify non-combatants (verbally …
The Economic And Political Feasibility Of Incorporating Wetlands Into A Water Quality Trading Program At The Watershed Scale , Gregory Mikota Ii
The Economic And Political Feasibility Of Incorporating Wetlands Into A Water Quality Trading Program At The Watershed Scale , Gregory Mikota Ii
All Dissertations
Incorporating the use of wetlands as a technology to enhance water quality trading programs requires the consideration of many political, economic, ecological, and legal issues. It is desirable to include wetlands as a nutrient reducing practice in certain water quality trading programs because these wetlands can provide additional benefits, beyond those of other technologies, such as carbon dioxide sequestration and increased habitat area and biodiversity. There is a great deal of interest from policymakers in extending the implementation of the United States EPA's Water Quality Trading Policy to include the use of constructed or restored wetlands. However, is the incorporation …
The Relevance Of Offsetting Policy Effects: Covert Distributive Politics In The Conservation Reserve Program , Robert Carey
The Relevance Of Offsetting Policy Effects: Covert Distributive Politics In The Conservation Reserve Program , Robert Carey
All Dissertations
The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), as initially authorized by the Food Security Act of 1985, operated by removing land from agricultural production in order to generate environmental benefits, primarily erosion reduction. Policy, however, often generates unintended consequences. One potential unintended consequence in the CRP is slippage; if the upward pressure that the idling of cropland exerts on commodity prices results in the activation of new land, behavior that may partly offset the program's environmental benefits, then price-feedback slippage is said to have occurred. Examination of county-level wheat production data for the United States during the years 1980 to 1993 utilizes …
Product Liability Litigation: An Issue Of Merck And Lawsuits Over Vioxx, Kurt Rotthoff
Product Liability Litigation: An Issue Of Merck And Lawsuits Over Vioxx, Kurt Rotthoff
All Dissertations
Merck & Co., Inc. pulled Vioxx, a $2.5 billon a year nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, off the shelf in September 2004. The removal followed a study that was published reporting Vioxx increased the risk of cardiovascular events after long-term use. In the years since then, many lawsuits have been filed against Merck. This paper examines the incentive to recall a product and the effects of Merck pulling Vioxx from the shelves. Using the market's expected internal rate of return for Merck, I calculate the expected profits from future Vioxx sales. I then use data on financial effects, along with the outcomes …
Visitors' Delayed Responses To Interpretive Talks And Interpreters' Expectations For Visitor Responses, Lisa Machnik
Visitors' Delayed Responses To Interpretive Talks And Interpreters' Expectations For Visitor Responses, Lisa Machnik
All Dissertations
National Park visitors' delayed responses to interpretive talks are examined and compared to professional interpreters' expectations for visitor responses to interpretive talks. The premise is that through an understanding of visitors' delayed responses, interpretive programs can be refined to further the goals of visitor learning and appreciation as well as the development of a sense of stewardship. Informal learning theory, schema theory, and constructivist learning theory provide a conceptual and theoretical framework for the research.
Visitors to nine U.S. National Parks participated in a computer-assisted telephone survey/interview eight months after attending an on-site interpretive talk (n=283, response rate 86%). Questions …
The Impact Of A Physical Activity Intervention On The Physical Activity Self-Efficacy Of Preadolescent Females, Katherine Hommel
The Impact Of A Physical Activity Intervention On The Physical Activity Self-Efficacy Of Preadolescent Females, Katherine Hommel
All Theses
Females often do not participate in the recommended level of physical activity on a regular basis possibly leading to both physical and psychological consequences. Reasons for lack of participation include a lack of self-efficacy. Self-efficacy theory proposes that self-efficacy is a key determinant in maintenance, adoption, and perseverance in difficult tasks. Recent literature has supported a relationship between an individual's physical activity self-efficacy and actual behaviors relating to physical activity.
The Finding Your Voice program was aimed at increasing pre-adolescent female's self-efficacy for physical activity through education and practical experience. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the …
Factors Affecting The Formation Of Interest Groups, Aileen Sampson
Factors Affecting The Formation Of Interest Groups, Aileen Sampson
All Dissertations
This paper presents empirical information to assist in answering the question: Why does the number of interest groups vary from one political jurisdiction to another? This paper's contribution to the understanding of the political economy of collective behavior is an empirical, cross-sectional study of interest group formation in the United States. The unit of observation is the county circa 2000. On a per capita basis, this study finds that lower voter participation rates, higher government expenditures, and higher religious adherence, on average, are consistent with the formation of more interest groups. On the other hand, having a higher number of …
The Novice Consultant And Electronic Mail: Strategies For And Implementation Of Politeness Techniques In Different Organizational Contexts, Nancy Annett
All Theses
This study examines the ways in which experienced and novice consultants in different organizational settings think about and use e-mail for communication to superiors. The methods by which novices in the workplace communicate via e-mail, especially to superiors, present a gap in the literature. Comparing novice and experienced employee e-mail behavior across organizational boundaries yielded several findings. First, employees seem to use particular decision criteria when formulating e-mail messages to managers, including considerations of the message's recipient and purpose. Novices seem most attuned to hierarchical levels and to the revision opportunities available through e-mail. Second, organizational context appears to affect …
Nighttime Pedestrian Conspicuity: The Effects Of Pedestrian Movement, Orientation And The Configuration Of Retroreflective Material, Stacy Balk
All Theses
Most fatal collisions between vehicles and pedestrians occur at night; inadequate visibility is a key factor. Previous research has shown that positioning reflective markers on pedestrians in a manner that depicts biological motion greatly enhances conspicuity. This on-road experiment examined the conspicuity advantages of a full biological motion configuration relative to that provided by an ANSI class II safety vest. 120 healthy young participants were driven along a 3.5 mile route and pressed a button when they were confident they saw a pedestrian. A test pedestrian on the left shoulder of the roadway wore black clothing with either an ANSI …