Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

0878: The Herald-Dispatch Archives, Marshall University Special Collections

Guides to Manuscript Collections

The collection consists of 4 “groupings” of materials that were donated by the Huntington Herald Dispatch when it moved from former offices in Huntington to its newer one in 2021. These groupings include the Herald Dispatch Subject Files, the Name Files, the Photograph Index Files, and the Office Materials (materials boxed up from individual offices in the Herald Dispatch). The first grouping of Subject Files came to the archive in 23 cabinets with 4 drawers each and contains approximately 16,000 folders of subject headings spanning the 1950s to the 2000s. The second grouping of Name Files is in 7 large …

Student Newspaper Funding Issues On Public University Campuses In Ohio: Higher Education Administrators Vs. Student Journalists, Terry L. Hapney Jr., Charles J. Russo

SOJMC Faculty Research

Cases of college and university administrators using funding for student publications as a mechanism to attempt to exercise control over student media arise on a fairly steady basis (Hapney & Russo, 2013). Occasionally, this comes in the form of student government associations that defund student newspapers in retaliation for reportage. Usually, funding provided by administrators and student government associations is not a license to control student newspapers on public university campuses, in particular (2013). Struggles and conflict between university administrators and student journalists over who controls student newspapers in Ohio is evident— including the issue of funding (Hapney & Lucas, …

The Threat Of Terrorism And The Changing Public Discourse On Immigration After September 11, Joshua Woods, C. Damien Arthur

Political Science Faculty Research

This article uses articles from the opinion-leading press to investigate how the news media's repertoire of negative portrayals changed after the September 11 terrorist attacks. It is based on a systematic random sample of 360 articles from two, opinion-leading newspapers---one known for its liberal slant (New York Times) and one known for its conservative slant (Wall Street Journal). The sample is drawn from a large population of articles published over a six-year period (1998-2004). The findings show that the percentage of negative frames involving not only terrorism but also other non-terrorist threats increased significantly after September 11. The elevated frequency …

Open Records Requests At State Universities In Ohio: The Law, Legalities, And Litigation, Terry L. Hapney, David Lucas

SOJMC Faculty Research

Recent scandals on the campuses of major universities in the United States have deeply affected not only coaches and coaching staffs, but also faculty, students, university governing bodies and administrators. Ensuing investigations and news coverage have prompted reporters to seek records, documents, and to attend meetings in order to scrutinize actions and records of university administrations. The open access and information laws, often described as sunshine laws, provide for public access to many records, documents, and meetings. Publicly-supported institutions must comply with these laws and this legality has created a conflict between administrators and student journalists in state universities throughout …

.Issues Of Editorial Control, Prior Restraint, And Prior Review Facing Student Newspapers On Public University Campuses In Ohio: Administrative, Faculty, And Student Perspectives (With David M. Lucas), Terry L. Hapney Jr., David Lucas

SOJMC Faculty Research

Recent headlines illustrate that the struggle continues between student journalists and administrators on public university campuses nationwide. The back and forth centers on student journalists’ objective of reporting on the activities occurring on the campuses and administrators’ hesitance to provide the necessary information to ensure the students can do their jobs, as charged by the student newspapers for which they work. Examples of headlines include: “UCLA adopts policy limiting access to faculty work” (Santus, 2014, para. 1); “Purdue Exponent photographer detained by police while covering campus shooting” (McDermott, 2014, para. 1); “Appalachian editor calls for open chancellor search in front-page …

0822: Lawrence H. "Bud" Rogers Papers, Marshall University Special Collections

Guides to Manuscript Collections

The collection consists primarily of newspaper articles, biographical sketches, and historical summaries of Mr. Roger's career in the television industry and the Federal Reserve Board. The bulk of the materials are related to his time as the General Manager of the WSAZ-TV station in Huntington, West Virginia and as the President of Taft Broadcasting Company in Cincinnati, Ohio. The collection contains some correspondence, both personal and business related. The collection is organized into two series; Series I, Personal Papers and, Series II, WSAZ-TV.

Steve Jobs' Moment Of Silence, Janet Dooley

SOJMC Faculty Research

Steve Jobs, founder and longtime center of Apple Inc. passed away on October 5, 2011. Tributes to this visionary were spontaneous and abundant. Two students from the School of Visual Arts in New York, Hyui Yong Kim and Bryan Wolff, working with KNARF® Advertising, conceived of a means by which a traditional remembrance, the moment of silence, was upgraded to a modern technological tribute. Users of iPods, iPhones, iPads and other computing devices could download to their iTunes library eight seconds of silence as a remembrance to Jobs’ contributions to technology, to communication and to the impact on their …

George W. Bush, The American Press, And The Initial Framing Of The War On Terror After 9/11, Stephen D. Cooper, Jim A. Kuypers, Matthew T. Althouse

Communications Faculty Research

President George W. Bush's speech to the General Assembly of the United Nations on November I 0, 200 I, marks an important moment in the history of the War on Terror. 1 It followed closely upon the joint U.S.-Northern Alliance military capture of Mazari Sarif, Afghanistan, which significantly disrupted the Taliban's operations and arguably marked the official beginning of America's War on Terror. As President Bush stated, "The time for sympathy has now passed; the time for action has now arrived."2 In some ways, the speech offered nothing new. It reiterated words and ideas that the president frequently used to …

The Opppositional Framing Of Bloggers, Stephen D. Cooper

Communications Faculty Research

As a new feature of the media system, the blogosphere is an extremely interesting subject for scholarly inquiry. One might spend research time along a variety of lines: why people blog, why people read blog content, the relationship of the blogosphere to the established media outlets, the who/what/when of blog content production and consumption, the subject matter of blog posts, the effects of exposure to blog content, the potential for and limitations on interactions, and so on, for quite a long list. Given that the blogosphere is a recent addition to the media mix, and itself a (presumably) unintended consequence …

0769: Roger And Eve (Alwyn) Hinchman Papers, 1871-1994, Marshall University Special Collections

Guides to Manuscript Collections

Eve Alwyn-Hinchman was born August 15, 1914 and died on November 16, 2005. She was a successful television and radio personality with her mother Laurie Alwyn, both in Boston M.A. and Fort Lauderdale FL. Eve and Lauri hosted radio shows in the Baltimore MD area for over 7 years before moving to Florida where they hosted a radio and later a Television show in the Palm Beach FL area for many years. Eve was married to Roger Hinchman (b. November 28, 1912; d. January 1, 1991) on June 1, 1964 after the moved to Florida. Lauri, a health educator and …

The President And The Press: The Framing Of George W. Bush’S Speech To The United Nations, Stephen D. Cooper, Jim Kuypers, Matt Althous

Communications Faculty Research

In this essay, we provide a brief overview of how frames work, discuss the relationship of frames to the news media, and perform a qualitatively based, comparative framing analysis of President Bush’s speech to the United Nations and the mainstream American press response that followed. Findings suggest that by the end of formal military operations in Afghanistan, the press was increasingly framing its reports in such a way that President Bush’s public statements were inaccurately transmitted to the public at large. Three key findings are advanced: one, the press depicted the Bush administration as an enemy of civil liberties; two, …

0761: Marvin L. Stone Papers, 1924-2000, Marshall University Special Collections

Guides to Manuscript Collections

Personal papers of Marvin L. Stone. Marshall Alumnus, past editor of U.S. News and World Report, Deputy Director of the U.S. Information Agency during the Reagan Administration. He was founding president and chairman of the non-profit International Media Fund (IMF) in Washington, D.C, an organization that promoted free press in Eastern Europe and the Balkans. After the IMF, he spent a year in Europe on a Knight Foundation journalism fellowship, and then retired in 1996[?].

To view materials from this collection that are digitized and available online, search the Marvin L. Stone Collection, 1924-2000 here.

Social Issues In America, Stephen D. Cooper

Communications Faculty Research

One of the more contentious issues in social science at this time is the question of media bias. Both the scholarly and popular literature are thick with writings on this topic, yet for all the interest in it and work devoted to it we are far from a consensus on how media bias can be defined, conceptualized, or researched. Ironically enough, many writings on the subject of media bias do take the position that the news content distributed to the public fails, in one respect or another, to accurately and fairly represent real events, issues, personalities, and situations. Studies differ …

A Comparative Framing Analysis Of Embedded And Behind-The-Lines Reporting On The 2003 Iraq War, Jim A. Kuypers, Stephen D. Cooper

Communications Faculty Research

Although a contested position, we believe that reporters and editors frame the news in a way that reflects their personal feelings and newsroom culture (Kuypers, 1997, 2002, 2005; Cooper, in press). Audiences usually receive their political news from only a few press sources; rarely do they read the original statements of those being reported upon.

Bringing Some Clarity To The Media Bias Debate, Stephen D. Cooper

Communications Faculty Research

Jim A. Kuypers’ recent book, Press Bias and Politics, has made a significant advance in the methodology of inquiring into this issue—although it’s a safe bet that many in the scholarly community will be tempted to dismiss it out of hand. That’s a shame, if so, because even if one is disinclined to accept Kuypers’ conclusion that the press tends to favor ideas associated with the political left, his method can at least put the debate on a firmer footing.

Embedded Versus Behind-The-Lines Reporting On The 2003 Iraq War, Stephen D. Cooper

Communications Faculty Research

A 2003 study by the Pew Research Center for the People and the Press found that “Most Americans (53%) believe that news organizations are politically biased, while just 29% say they are careful to remove bias from their reports ... More than half—51%—say that the bias is ‘liberal,’ while 26% discerned a ‘conservative’ leaning. Fourteen percent felt neither phrase applied” (Harper, 2003). Now add to this that even some academicians are finally accepting the idea that journalists, as a group, are more liberal than the population as a whole. However, whether political or other biases (Hahn, 1998) affect news coverage …

Unreality Tv, Andrew Sikula Sr., Lorraine P. Anderson

Management Faculty Research

Presents a discussion about the ethical challenges facing a psychologist asked to conduct interviews with potential contestants of a television reality show that places participants in a series of stressful and embarrassing activities. Response to the career-altering opportunity; General practice issues facing the psychologist; Public view on psychologists' involvement with the media.

Press Controls In Wartime: The Legal, Historical, And Institutional Context, Stephen D. Cooper

Communications Faculty Research

News coverage of warfare poses a dilemma for social systems with a free press, such as the United States. In an era of high-tech weaponry and nearly instantaneous global communications, conflict is inevitable between the obligation of the press to inform the general public and the obligation of the military to successfully conduct war. The importance of secrecy to the conduct of warfare heightens the issue in the current counterterrorism operations. The competitive advantage of live coverage raises the stakes in a crowded media market. The military’s control over newsgathering during the 1990-91 Persian Gulf War set off a controversy …

Collaborative Musical Expression And Creativity Among Academics: When Intellectualism Meets Twelve Bar Blues, Gary P. Radford, Stephen D. Cooper, Robert W. Kubey, David S. Mccurry, Jonathan Millen, John R. Barrows

Communications Faculty Research

The Professors are a blues, rock, and sometime heavy metal band made up of communication professors from a number of New Jersey schools. Formed in 1995, the band has played in clubs in New York City as well as a number of academic venues, including the annual conference of the International Communication Association in Chicago in 1996 and the annual conference of the National Communication Association in New York City in 1998. The Professors have been featured in both local and national press, including the Chronicle of Higher Education. When we learned of the call for papers for this special …

0689: Associated Press Bulletins, Marshall University Special Collections

Guides to Manuscript Collections

This collection contains copy read on the air by newscasters at WSAZ-TV, the local NBC affiliate in Huntington, West Virginia on Nov. 22 and 23, 1963, during coverage of the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. The bulletins are based on Associated Press news reports. Also included are two wire photographs of Lee Harvey Oswald being shot and John F. Kennedy Jr. at the funeral of John F. Kennedy.

An Effect Of The Medium In News Stories: “The Pictures In Our Heads”, Stephen D. Cooper

Communications Faculty Research

This study used an experimental design to test for a channel effect in news stories. Four television news stories were recorded off-air, then the narrations were transcribed to form a print news story containing the same words; the broadcast video and the print story were the two treatment levels. Subjects received the stories in one of the treatment levels, and were asked to judge the blameworthiness or praiseworthiness of the actors named in the story. Logistic regressions could predict with substantial accuracy the medium in which subjects had received the story from these judgments, indicating a channel effect on their …

Are Journalists Qualified To Write About Health And Science?, Burnis R. Morris

SOJMC Faculty Research

This article examines the preparation of journalists to report on health and science issues. It traces the historical linkage between the news media and health and science and reports the results of a survey of college professors who teach reporting courses at 86 departments and schools of journalism and mass communication. The article, also intended to help explain the journalistic method to scientists, concludes that many young journalists are qualified to cover simple stories about health and science and other topics when they leave college and acquire the skills to report on more complex issues through on-the-job training and specialized …

Common Law, And Privacy In Computer-Mediated Environments, Stephen D. Cooper

Communications Faculty Research

Computer-mediated environments pose a special challenge to our legal and cultural protections of privacy. These environments are unprecedented in the way commercially valuable information can be generated in their very use. The ease and low cost with which electronic information can be gathered and disseminated in these environments have led many to advocate regulation protecting privacy interests from commercial encroachment. At the same time, the use of digital communications to support criminal or terrorist activities have led others to advocate regulation allowing law enforcement agencies to eavesdrop or intercept. The cultural history of the Internet as a self-regulating, almost anarchical, …

Military Control Over War News: The Implications Of The Persian Gulf, Stephen D. Cooper

Communications Faculty Research

News coverage of warfare poses a difficult problem for political systems with a free press, such as ours in the United States. In an era of high-tech weaponry and nearly instantaneous global communications, conflicts are inevitable between the obligation of the press to inform the general public, and the obligation of the military to successfully conduct war. The military’s controls over news-gathering during the 1990-91 Persian Gulf War set off a controversy still smoldering during the Haiti occupation of 1994. This paper examines the legal, historical, and technological aspects of this issue.

Privacy And The News Media, Stephen D. Cooper

Communications Faculty Research

The right of the public to know and the right of the individual to be let alone are inherently in conflict. The origins of these rights are quite different: the former derived from the First Amendment's protection of a free press, the latter in a law journal article published in the late nineteenth century. So, too, has the development of these ideas followed different paths: the former as Constitutional law, the latter as tort law. This article examines the relationship between privacy law and the press. A century ago two lawyers called for legal relief from aggressive newspaper reporters. At …

News Media Objectivity: How Do We Ask The Questions?, Stephen D. Cooper

Communications Faculty Research

There is a lively and often public debate in progress concerning the objectivity of the news media, or the lack of it Scholars have approached this topic from three distinct angles: content analysis, values, and the economics of the news industry. Their conclusions have varied markedly, apparently guided by their particular frames of reference.

This article suggests that while we seem to have lost our fix on objectivity as a measurable attribute of news products, the news work routine of objectivity encourages fairness in our public discourse, and deserves attention in scholarly research.

0549: Byron T. Morris Papers, 1775-1989, Marshall University Special Collections

Guides to Manuscript Collections

Wayne County, West Virginia, resident, newspaper columnist. Collection consists of correspondence, family histories, some primary sources, and a collection of newspapers, 1775-1880's. Also part of the gift were books, genealogy materials, and bound volumes of the Wayne County News. Also contains numerous clippings written by Evelyn Scyphers Jackson about Boyd County Kentucky families.

0525: Doris C. Miller Papers, 1915-1989, Marshall University Special Collections

Guides to Manuscript Collections

Doris Copley Miller was a Huntington, West Virginia poet, newspaperwoman, and local historian. Papers include her work in draft and printed form and correspondence, notably the Jesse Stuart letters. It also contains poetry submissions from other friends and the public as well as working files from her years as religion, education and poetry editor at the Huntington Publishing Company. In addition to her newspaper columns, she also conducted genealogical research.

To view materials from this collection that are digitized and available online, search the Doris C. Miller Papers, 1915-1989 here.

0472: Clyde Wellman Papers, 1808-1947, Marshall University Special Collections

Guides to Manuscript Collections

Huntington, West Virginia, newspaperman. Papers include original typescripts for articles for the Herald-Dispatch concerning early history of Cabell County and Huntington, West Virginia.

0462: David S. Mcguire Typescript, 1961, Marshall University Special Collections

Guides to Manuscript Collections

`News Coverage in the Carter County [Kentucky] School Controversy,' possibly a research paper written for a class at Marshall College.