Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Digital Humanities And Library Labor: Resources, Workflows, And Project Management In A Collaborative Context, Virginia A. Dressler

Virginia A Dressler

Transforming The Landscape Of Labor At Universities Through Digital Humanities, Roopika Risam, Susan Edwards

Roopika Risam

No abstract provided.

Ordinary 'Worthiness': Sex Work, Police Raids, And Human Rights Violence In Sonagachhi, Simanti Dasgupta

Simanti Dasgupta

Based upon ethnographic research with Durbar Mahila Samanwaya Committee (DMSC), a grass-roots sex workers organization in Sonagachhi, the iconic red light district in Kolkata, India, this paper explores the relationship between police raids and human rights violation. It especially focuses on the nature of violence initiated by the construction of “corrupt” evidence to justify a raid, which in this case is not solely a state initiative; the police usually work in tandem with other rescue missions such as the International Justice mission (IJM). The raid involves a practice and a narrative commonly referred to by both the police and the …

Corporate Social Responsibility In Socialist Vietnam: Implementation, Challenges, And Local Solutions, Angie Tran

Angie Tran

No abstract provided.

Waste And Waste Management, Joshua Reno

Joshua Reno

Discard studies have demonstrated that waste is more than just a symptom of an all-too-human demand for meaning or a merely technical problem for sanitary engineers and public health officials. The afterlife of waste materials and processes of waste management reveal the centrality of transient and discarded things for questions of materiality and ontology and marginal and polluting labor and environmental justice movements, as well as for critiques of the exploitation and deferred promises of modernity and imperial formations. There is yet more waste will tell us, especially as more studies continue to document the many ways that our wastes …

Thinking Outside The Big Box: Food Access, Labor, Landuse, And The Wal-Mart Way, Mark Vallianatos, Amanda Shaffer, Moira Beery, Robert Gottlieb, Abby Wheatley

Mark Vallianatos

In just four decades, the Wal-Mart Company has transformed the retail sector, infl uenced the way we shop and work and shaped the nation’s rural, suburban and urban communities. Now Wal-Mart Supercenters, vast stores that house full-scale grocery stores within their walls, are beginning to affect the food system. After summarizing Wal-Mart’s labor and land use impacts, this working paper addresses an issue that has received less attention: the implications of the Supercenter model of food retailing on food access. The paper includes an examination of such issues as food selection, pricing and store accessibility, based on a case study …

Two Paths To The High Road: The Dynamics Of Coalition Building In Seattle And Buffalo, Ian Greer, Barbara Byrd, Lou Jean Fleron

Ian Greer

[Excerpt] Labor-community coalitions are not a new concept. Unions approach such coalitions now, as in the past, as one way to enhance their bargaining power with an employer. Such coalitions are temporary and often issue-based. In recent years, however, some local labor movements have begun to look at coalitions in a broader way – as a means of improving their public image and building power in the political arena. This broad-based approach requires the development of coalitions for the longer run, not just for temporary expediency. This paper develops the notion of a high road social infrastructure as a way …

Insurgency And Institutionalization: The Polanyian Countermovement And Chinese Labor Politics, Eli D. Friedman

Eli D Friedman

Why is it that in the nearly 10 years since the Chinese central government began making symbolic and material moves towards class compromise that labor unrest has expanded greatly? In this article I reconfigure Karl Polanyi's theory of the countermovement to account for recent developments in Chinese labor politics. Specifically, I argue that countermovements must be broken down into two constituent but intertwined "moments": the insurgent moment that consists of spontaneous resistance to the market, and the institutional moment, when class compromise is established in the economic and political spheres. In China, the transition from insurgency to institutionalization has thus …

Business Views Of Democratization In Brazil And Argentina., Engin Erdem

ENGIN I ERDEM Dr.

The democratization literature discusses various dynamics of regime change including economic development, social classes, political institutions, culture and international factors. This paper attempts to illuminate the role of business in political change. For this purpose, it examines two cases from Latin America: Brazil and Argentina. In doing so, the research also benefits from within-case comparisons such as the one between the 1961-64 Goulart government and the New Republic (1985-1990). By examining business behavior in different temporal and spatial contexts, the paper expects to enhance our understanding of social dynamics of democratization. This paper is primarily dealt with the following question: …

Invisible No More: Domestic Workers Organizing In Massachusetts And Beyond, Natalicia Tracy, Tim Sieber, Susan Moir Scd

Tim Sieber

Domestic workers across the country are making it clear that, even in a difficult political environment, it is possible to make gains for low-wage workers. For the first time in many, many decades, domestic workers are finding ways to win. They are creat
ing policy change that will improve the lives of hundreds of thousands of workers in tangible and substantial ways. The 2014 Massachusetts Domestic Workers’ Bill of Rights is the most expansive codification of rights for this long-overlooked part of the labor force ever to be enacted. In one sense, there is nothing new about domestic workers organizing …

Labor Standards And South Korean Employment Practices In North Korea, Marcus Noland

Marcus Noland

By 2012, South Korean firms employed more than 50,000 workers in North Korea. This paper examines whether their employment practices are likely to encourage North Korea’s transition. Survey data indicate that the North Korean government has successfully circumscribed exposure of North Korean citizens both to South Koreans, and to more market-oriented economic practices. South Korean investment in North Korea may well be beneficial for both the firms and workers involved, but evidence of the sort of broader spillovers that proponents of engagement sometimes assert is not evident. The possibility of using voluntary labor codes to promote transformation is then examined.

Roll Out The Red Carpet: Australian Nurses On Screen, Cathy Bridgen, Lisa Milner

Dr Lisa Milner

Cultural connections with caring and femininity have long been associated with the nursing profession, with mainstream media representations often reinforcing stereotypical depictions of nurses. Although more recent mainstream media portrayals increasingly depict nurses as strong, assertive professionals, little research has been conducted into films made by nurses. When nurses take on the filmmaking task, different outcomes are produced, and when their trade union is involved, unionist filmmaking becomes an organizing strategy. This qualitative study, using content and document analysis and interviews, analyzes a selection of films made by, for, and about Australian unionized nurses. We examine a generation of nurse-made …

Struggle For The Commons: Communicative Labor, Control Economics, And The Rhetorical Marketplace, Ronald Walter Greene, Sara Holiday Nelson

Ronald Walter Greene

No abstract provided.

Healthy, Wealthy, And Wise: How Corporate Power Shaped The Affordable Care Act, Kevin A. Young, Michael Schwartz

Kevin Young

No abstract provided.

Toward A Low Wage World: The Development And Limitation Of Taiwan' Labor Regime(1980s~2010s), Wei-Yi Chang, Chih-Lung Huang

Chih-lung Huang

This article tries to explain why Taiwan’s labor regime has fallen into a low wage environment. A review of literature shows that existing studies consider only the elements of state, capital, labor, or the social environment to explain the low wage within different historical stages. But the literature to date could not answer the question as for why Taiwan’s labor wage did not increase with economic growth after 2000s. In order to bridge the gap, the legislation and amendment of related labor laws from 1980s to 2010s was explored through the perspective of historical institutionalism. It was found that the …

The Role Of Family Ties In Mitigating Moral Hazard: Firm-Level Evidence From Tamil Nadu, India, Goldie Chow

Goldie Chow

Drawing on firm-level data from the district of Coimbatore in Tamil Nadu, India, this study explores the role of family ties as a means to counteract potential moral hazard concerns. It is shown that firms will be more likely to employ family relations when faced with a higher hidden context for moral hazard. Specifically, the analysis finds that the presence of family members within the firm is higher when the firm provides general training and that firms that are more likely to do external business with family relations when it is believed that the legal system is not effective. Additionally, …

Landing Stable Employment: The Exploratory Study Of A Job Vs. Career, Valencia Tamir Johnson Dr.

Valencia T Johnson

Landing stable employment can be difficult and discouraging. Some employers want applicants that are searching for a “career”, and some employers are looking for applicants that want a “job”. Ask yourself, what is the difference between a job and a career? In simple terms, a job is short-term and a career is long-term. Applicants who seek a job would likely stay less than a year, as with a career, the candidate would likely stay more than a year or longer. This article provides a clear and concise overview of the exploratory study of landing a career or job.

An Analytical Framework For Studying The Politics Of Consumption: The Case Of The National Consumers' League, Wendy A. Wiedenhoft Murphy

Wendy A. Wiedenhoft Murphy

Consumption is not often addressed in the literature on social movements even though consumer organizations and consumer tactics have been successful in achieving social change. This paper offers an analytical framework for studying the politics of consumption, which suggests that consumers can be conceived of collectively as active agents rather than passive individuals. I capture this active agency through four concepts: mobilization, problematization, identification, and contention. I focus on one consumer organization, the National Consumers' League, and its three consumer tactics, white lists, white labels, and legislation, in order to demonstrate how the analytical framework I construct can be applied.

Liberation Of, Through, Or From Work? Postcolonial Africa And The Problem With “Job Creation” In The Global Crisis, Franco Barchiesi

Franco Barchiesi

The precarity of employment in an age of globally financialized capital cannot be reduced to the sociological problems of erosion of stable jobs with benefits and proliferation of insecure occupations. It is rather a political issue that interrogates the ability of state and capital to turn multitudes into governable and productive subjects. As such it is underscored by attempts by financial capital to “capture” living labor beyond the confines of production and across the social spectrum. It is also characterized by the widening gaps between official norms that center social inclusion around work ethic and economic activity and material realities …

Precarity As Capture: A Conceptual Reconstruction And Critique Of The Worker-Slave Analogy, Franco Barchiesi

Franco Barchiesi

No abstract provided.

“Unfree" Labour On The Cattle Stations Of Northern Australia, The Tea Gardens Of Assam, And The Rubber Plantations Of Indo-China, 1920–50, Robert Castle, James Hagan, Andrew Wells

Robert G. Castle

This chapter examines unfree labour in three industries in the nineteenth and early twentieth century. It focuses on the forms and consequences of protest which arose amongst workers in these industries in response to the conditions under which they were employed. The Assamese tea industry, Vietnamese rubber plantations and Northern Australian cattle ranching used differing means of production, technology and investment but all relied on colonial governments to enable them to recruit and retain a 'contracted' labour force. The forms of the labour relationship varied but led to protests which often took on a wider meaning in struggles for liberation.

The Interactive Effects Of Recruitment Practices And Product Awareness On Job Seekers’ Employer Knowledge And Application Behaviors, Christopher J. Collins

Christopher J Collins

In this paper, I draw on research from the literatures on marketing and recruitment to identify how recruitment practices and company product awareness are related to job seekers’ application behaviors through three aspects of job seekers’ employer knowledge. Based on results from a within-subjects design with data from 123 recruiting companies and 456 student job seekers, my findings suggested the relationships between recruitment strategies and application intentions and decisions are moderated by product awareness. Specifically, low-information recruitment practices are significantly and positively related to application behaviors through employer familiarity and employer reputation when product awareness is low rather than high. …

Exploring Applicant Pool Quantity And Quality: The Effects Of Early Recruitment Practice Strategies, Corporate Advertising, And Firm Reputation, Christopher J. Collins, Jian Han

Christopher J Collins

Drawing on marketing and recruitment theory, we examined relationships between early recruitment practices, organizational factors, and organization-level recruitment outcomes, predicting that low-involvement recruitment practices, high-involvement recruitment practices, corporate advertising, and firm reputation would positively affect the quantity and quality of organizations’ applicant pools. We also predicted that corporate advertising and firm reputation would moderate the effects of the two recruitment strategies. Data for 99 organizations collected from multiple sources provided some evidence that early recruitment practices, corporate advertising, and firm reputation each had direct effects on applicant pool quantity and quality. More importantly, we found that low-involvement recruitment practices were …

A Tale Of Two Decades: Changes In Work And Earnings In Massachusetts, 1979–1999, Randy Albelda, Marlene Kim

Marlene Kim

Over the past twenty years, Massachusetts has replaced the mantle of old-style manufacturing with a robust “new economy.” Our economic vitality has never been better. But not all individuals benefited from the 1990s boom as they had from the one a decade earlier. Some of our residents are worse off than they were before.

Illegal Immigration: The Impact On Wages And Employment Of Black Workers, Vernon Briggs

Vernon M Briggs Jr

[Excerpt] Before addressing the specific issue of illegal immigration and its economic effects on black Americans, the broad subject needs to be placed in perspective. No issue has affected the economic well-being of African Americans more that the phenomenon of immigration and its related policy manifestations. Immigration defined the entry experience of the ancestors of most the nation’s contemporary black American community (as slaves who were brought as involuntary immigrants); it placed them disproportionately in the states that today comprise the “South”( at no point in American history has less than half the black population ever lived outside the South); …

Methods Of Analysis Of Illegal Immigration Into The United States, Vernon Briggs

Vernon M Briggs Jr

"A major barrier to the discussion of the scope and impact of illegal immigration on the American economy has been the inadequacy of existing data. Although data problems are not unique to this topic, the limited availability of macro-data on the size of the annual flows and of the accumulated stock of individuals as well as of micro-data on their influences on selected labor markets has been effectively used to forestall policy reform efforts."

Illegal Immigration: The Impact On Wages And Employment Of Black Workers, Vernon Briggs

Vernon M Briggs Jr

[Excerpt] Before addressing the specific issue of illegal immigration and its economic effects on black Americans, the broad subject needs to be placed in perspective. No issue has affected the economic well-being of African Americans more that the phenomenon of immigration and its related policy manifestations. Immigration defined the entry experience of the ancestors of most the nation’s contemporary black American community (as slaves who were brought as involuntary immigrants); it placed them disproportionately in the states that today comprise the “South”( at no point in American history has less than half the black population ever lived outside the South); …

Methods Of Analysis Of Illegal Immigration Into The United States, Vernon Briggs

Vernon M Briggs Jr

"A major barrier to the discussion of the scope and impact of illegal immigration on the American economy has been the inadequacy of existing data. Although data problems are not unique to this topic, the limited availability of macro-data on the size of the annual flows and of the accumulated stock of individuals as well as of micro-data on their influences on selected labor markets has been effectively used to forestall policy reform efforts."

Resorts And Reform: Archaeology At The Wiawaka Holiday House, Lake George, New York, Megan E. Springate

Megan E. Springate

The Wiawaka Holiday House on Lake George, New York is among the oldest continuously operating women’s holiday retreats in the United States. The Holiday House was founded on the grounds of a failing resort hotel at the turn of the twentieth century by wealthy women largely from industrial families to provide factory “girls” opportunities for healthful vacations in the countryside. Before the Holiday House was established, the property was the site of two resort hotels; their histories, spanning much of the nineteenth century, reflect the rise and transformations in the Adirondack resort hotel business. Presented in the early stages of …

Book Review: Capital And Its Discontents: Conversations With Radical Thinkers In A Time Of Tumult By Sasha Lilly (Pm Press, 2011), Nick J. Sciullo

Nick J. Sciullo

No abstract provided.