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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Factory Farming And Potential Problems In International Trade, Brenda Lutz, James Lutz
Factory Farming And Potential Problems In International Trade, Brenda Lutz, James Lutz
James M Lutz
Trade in products from intensive farming of livestock has the potential to lead to disputes, especially as opposition to factory farming on ethical, health, environmental, and developmental grounds has increased. Many European countries currently prohibit livestock agricultural practices that are allowed in the United States, Canada, and elsewhere, thus creating the possibility of international economic conflict. WTO regulations permit the consideration of health and environmental factors as possible causes for placing limitations on imports but not ethical or developmental causes. While the WTO currently does not directly recognize concerns about animal welfare and developmental issues, interest groups and parties emphasizing …
Terrorism As Economic Warfare, Brenda Lutz, James Lutz
Terrorism As Economic Warfare, Brenda Lutz, James Lutz
James M Lutz
The choice of targets for terrorist attacks is often considered to be random or illogical. In other cases targets are seen as being chosen for their symbolic importance to the audience the terrorists are seeking to reach or to indicate that no area of the country is safe. Terrorist groups, however, also choose their targets because of the economic impact that the attacks will have. There are patterns in economic attacks since different groups choose different kinds of targets. There may be increases in economic targeting, especially in the tourism sector where attacks create economic hardship and to reduce revenues …
Trade Policies Of The Former Centrally Planned Economies, James Toole, James Lutz
Trade Policies Of The Former Centrally Planned Economies, James Toole, James Lutz
James M Lutz
Since the end of Communist rule, the countries of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union have been forced to restructure their formerly centrally planned economies. Among the dilemmas they have faced is how open they should be to international trade. Using multiple regression, the openness of these economies to trade is empirically determined while controlling for the effects of both population and wealth. Residuals from the regression equations are then examined in order to identify how much more or less open to trade each country has been. Analysis of the residuals for six distinct regions of the former Communist …