Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Epistemic Violence In The Process Of Othering: Real-World Applications And Moving Forward, Allie J. Bunch

Scholarly Undergraduate Research Journal at Clark (SURJ)

From the work of Pierre Bourdieu on symbolic violence came the study of epistemic violence, which is at the core of the process of othering marginalized groups. Epistemological scholars including Kristie Dotson, Miranda Fricker, Cynthia Townley, and Gayatri Spivak have done extensive work on the theory of the phenomenon; it is necessary to analyze the classifications of epistemic violence through their application in empirical settings. Addressing three case studies of “othering” highlights the importance of greater integration of marginalized groups into the education system as the necessary first step towards eliminating othering by targeting epistemic violence at a base level.

A Correlational Study Of Emotional Intelligence And Servant-Leadership Among Church Leaders

Journal of Applied Christian Leadership

"the conclusion of this study was that, while one cannot definitively conclude that a training tool designed to build emotional intelligence would improve the correlation between emotional intelligence and servant leadership, knowing that emotional intelligence is learnable provides sufficient evidence to further investigate the correlation."

Assessing And Predicting The Financial Capacity And Financial Literacy Of College Students, Cody Solesbee

Modern Psychological Studies

This experiment evaluated the relationship between financial capacity, financial literacy, and their supposed predictors. The purpose of this study was to find the best overall predictor of financial capacity and financial literacy, while examining relationships among multiple variables. A neuropsychological battery consisting of eight measures was administered to a sample of 22 males and 28 females, all undergraduates at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. Additionally, all participants were Psychology majors. Poor performance by the sample was noted on financial based measures. Estimated IQ, established by the Wechsler Test of Adult Reading, was found in positive correlation with scores …

The Effect Of Audio Recordings And Photographs Of Autistic And Typical Children On Social Judgments, Lauren Ulander, Ingrid Farreras

Modern Psychological Studies

In a counterbalanced, 2x2 mixed factorial design, 61 randomly assigned participants rated two audio recordings and two photographs of autistic or typical children. The hypothesis was that participants would judge autistic children most negatively when listening to audio recordings of them, but that they would judge photographs of autistic and typical children similarly. The two-way mixed ANOVA found a statistically significant main effect for the autistic versus typical child, but no statistically significant main effect for type of medium (recording vs. picture) nor interaction effect. This points to autistic children being judged more negatively in comparison to their typical peers, …

Fitting The Mold: Alcohol Use And Body Image Disturbances In Athletes And Greek-Affiliated Undergraduates, Britany Miley, Holly Mccartney Chalk

Modern Psychological Studies

The present study examined alcohol consumption and body image satisfaction in relation to student affiliation with varsity athletics and Greek organizations. Binge drinking, defined as the consumption of six or more drinks on one occasion, was also assessed. Results indicated that varsity athletes and Greek-affiliated students consumed alcohol more frequently and reported more binge drinking episodes compared to non-affiliated students. Additionally, students identifying with both at-risk groups (Greek-Athletes) were associated with the highest reported rates of binge drinking episodes. Greek-Athletes also yielded significantly lower body image satisfaction compared to all other participants. Findings suggest that counselors should aim prevention efforts …

The Relationship Between Individual Differences In Rumination, Distractibility, And Depression, David Y. Suh, Deanna M. Barch

Modern Psychological Studies

According to the response styles theory, rumination and distraction are two different ways to respond to a negative stimulus. Previous studies on the relationship between rumination and distraction and their effect on depression have focused mainly on the active use of these response styles. In the present study, we examined how the natural tendency to be distractible was related to rumination or depression. Participants were asked to answer questionnaires to rumination, distractibility, and depression, and to perform an attention task. Self-reported level of rumination, depression, and distractibility all had a positive correlation with each other. However, task performance indexed by …

Locke, Judgment, And Figure: A Consistent Answer To The Molyneux Problem, Jamale Nagi

Anthós

John Locke has been famously credited with resurrecting the distinction between common and proper sensibles, better known in the Essay as primary and secondary qualities. Although some argue that Locke’s adherence to the doctrine of the common sensibles is in conflict with his empiricist sensibilities, I will show this is not likely to be the case. In order to achieve this I will argue that Locke held there to be cross-modal connections in the mind for the representational content of ideas of primary quality, through the relation of resemblance, but that these representations need to be empirically verified to …

Love Is A Battlefield: Experience Of Love In Relation To Depression, Laura Hill, Cherisse Flanagan

Modern Psychological Studies

Depression is a debilitating mental illness that entails much more than just sadness. In an attempt to discover if there is a relationship between experience of love and depression, a survey was created to assess these variables. The survey included the Experience of Love Questionnaire (ELQ), an author-developed scale, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (Radloffi 1977). The ELQ consisted of three subscales measuring experience of love in family, friends, and romantic relationships. The hypothesis of this study was that there would be a negative correlation between experience of love and depression. The survey was completed by 103 …

Front Matter

Modern Psychological Studies

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Cause-Related Marketing And Motivation On Consumer Perceptions, Gina Mccoy, Randall A. Renstrom

Modern Psychological Studies

The present experiment investigated the relationship between motivational style (intrinsic and extrinsic) and cause-related marketing (CRM) on product perceptions. CRM pairs the sale of products with a donation to a specific charitable cause. It was predicted that consumers will have more positive perceptions of products sold through CRM campaigns, be more likely to buy such products paired with CRM, and express more positive attitudes toward companies using CRM. Furthermore, it was predicted that motivational style may impact those attitudes, with intrinsically-motivated individuals showing a greater affinity toward a product when it is paired with a CRM campaign. Overall, results largely …

Perpetration Experience And Gender Predicting Empathy With A Stranger Or Acquaintance Rapist, Ruby L. Orth, Suzanne L. Osman

Modern Psychological Studies

This study examined empathy with a hypothetical rapist based on experimentally varied type of rape (stranger; acquaintance), participant perpetration experience, and gender. Undergraduate students (115 male, 206 female) completed the Rape Perpetrator Empathy-During Subscale and Sexual Experiences Survey. Hypotheses were partially supported. Sexual perpetrators (of acquaintances) reported greater empathy than nonperpetrators, and men reported greater empathy than women. Type of rape was not significant. Findings support past research, but more data from rapists is needed.

Microexpression Detection In Undergraduate Students, Cameron R. Howell, Rebecca E. Hughes

Modern Psychological Studies

Microexpressions, facial expressions lasting for less than half a second, are a common but unnoticed occurrence. The accuracy of microexpression detection, and college major choice, have both been linked with personality. This led to the hypothesis that different majors should have different levels of accuracy in detection. A convenience sample of 121 undergraduate students, of different majors, was given a short survey about microexpression detection. 10 frontal headshots, portraying examples of 7 different microexpressions, were shown on a screen. Participants were asked to identO, the expressions by choosing from a provided list on the survey. There was no statistical significance …

Auditory Startle Response Predicts Introversion: An Individual Analysis, Kirby M. Jaeger, Austin H. Cox, David Philip Arthur Craig, James W. Grice

Modern Psychological Studies

We assessed a possible link between the Introversion/Extraversion spectrum and sensori-motor gating and predicted self-reported introverts would have more sensitive sensori-motor gating pathways than extraverts at the individual subject level. 28 subjects self-identified as introverts or extraverts; individuals that self-identified as both introverted and extraverted were classified as "ambiverts". Participants'orbicularis oculus muscles were electromyographically measured while abrupt auditory stimuli ranging from 50 to 100 decibels were played over headphones. As predicted, introverts exhibited greater electromyographical frequencies and magnitudes of response to stimuli at almost all levels of stimulus intensity. These results indicate introverts tend to be more sensitive, on a …

Synesthesia And Memory: An Exploratory Analysis, Caleb Robinson

Modern Psychological Studies

Few studies have measured how the memory of individuals with synesthesia, a perceptual phenomenon in which a stimulus triggers a separate sensory experience, is affected because of their novel perceptual experiences. The studies that have examined synesthesia and enhanced memory have been inconclusive, as some have found those with synesthesia exhibit superior memory capabilities, while other studies have not. This study sought to replicate previous studies that have found effects of color congruency. The participant M.P., a female with grapheme-color synesthesia, was given lists of words that were either congruent to her synesthetic experience, random colors, or words in black …

How Social Activity Affects Exercise In A Rat Model Of Depression Proneness, Jacqueline Rojas

Modern Psychological Studies

With depression rising worldwide, finding effective, affordable relief is a pressing global public health need. Social activity and physical activity both function as natural depression remedies, but depression can interfere with these activities. This study explores whether an increase in social activity can simultaneously increase voluntary exercise. If so, a single remedy could potentially yield two benefits. Rats were singly or paired housed to model social activity, and voluntary wheel running was measured. Depression proneness was modeled with Occidental Low-Saccharin- Consuming (LoS) rats; relative to high-saccharin-consuming (HiS) rats, LoS rats are more anxious and vulnerable to stress, both of which …

Culturally Affirmative & Mobile Psychological Assessment Program For Children With Hearing Loss Or Combined Hearing And Vision Loss In Rural Areas, Nanette Mcdevitt Psy.D, Michael John Gournaris Ph.D

JADARA

Parents of children with hearing loss often struggle to obtain appropriate psychological evaluations due to a shortage of psychologists with appropriate training and experience. In an effort to fill this void, the Minnesota Department of Human Services, Deaf and Hard of Hearing Services Division (DHHSD) has been awarding a state grant since 1998 (except 2010-2012 due to budget constraints) to support programs that provide culturally affirmative psychological assessments to this population. This article provides a summary of the history of the programs supported by this state grant, the current program model and recommendations to other parties that may be considering …

Professional Identity, Dana Stewart Kline

JADARA

The roles and responsibilities of the professional school counselor continuously evolve in order to meet the needs of an ever-changing and diverse student population. In this paper, several of these roles and responsibilities are identified and described. In addition, two professional organizations that are personally relevant will be identified. I have developed four action plans that support my individual growth and further develop my professional identity. Finally, shared is my vision as a professional school counselor and agent of social change.

Comparing Outcomes From An Online Substance Abuse Treatment Program And Residential Treatment Programs For Consumers Who Are Deaf: A Pilot Study, Josphine Wilson Ph.D., Deb Guthmann Ed.D., Jared Embree, Susan Fraker

JADARA

Numerous barriers exist when attempting to provide culturally appropriate substance use disorder (SUD) treatment to persons who are Deaf, including a lack of accessible community-based treatment providers. To address these barriers, the Deaf Off Drugs and Alcohol (DODA) Program has provided culturally and linguistically appropriate cessation and recovery support services via a telemedicine program to Deaf individuals who are clinically diagnosed with a SUD. This study was conducted to assess whether an online SUD treatment program, such as DODA, is an effective way to serve the Deaf population, which is underserved due to communication and other cultural barriers. DODA’s effectiveness …

Priming The Pump: A Study Of Hidden Biases, Rachel Maxwell, Dr. Jerffrey Reber

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Priming is a method often used in psychology research to activate implicit attitudes and behaviors. Priming has been effectively demonstrated in advertising and the marketplace (North, Hargreaves, & McKendrick, 1999; Milliman, 1982; Jacob, Gueguen, & Boulbry, 2011), politics (Berger, Meredith, & Wheeler 2008; Rutchick, 2010), business (Kay, Wheeler, Bargh, & Ross, 2004), social norms (Aarts & Dijksterhuis, 2003), studies of aggression (Berkowitz & LePage, 1967), and studies of racism (Wittenbrink, Judd, & Park, 2001). In these studies certain cues in the environment led to an unconscious activation of an attitude or behavior.

Christopher Soto Sees Personality Change: How We Think, Feel, Behave, Gerry Boyle

Colby Magazine

Christopher Soto studies how personality is formed—and can change.

What is the Colby personality? A study by students of Assistant Professor of Psychology Christopher Soto showed that Colby students are above average in extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness and below average in neuroticism.

Life History Of Women With Fibromyalgia: Beyond The Illness, Barbara Gonzalez, Telmo M. Baptista, Jaime C. Branco

The Qualitative Report

Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain syndrome, which mostly affects middle age women and whose etiological factors remain unclear. Psychosocial aspects may have a relevant role as predisposing, triggering, and/or perpetuating factors for this syndrome, raising the interest about life history of patients with fibromyalgia. In this study, we interviewed 10 women with a diagnosis of fibromyalgia, who had identified a critical or very stressful life event before the onset of the syndrome. The interview about the life history comprises the whole life, before and after the onset of the syndrome, and the narratives were analyzed with interpretative phenomenological analysis. Nine …

Domestic Violence Services For The Deaf Community, Teresa Crowe Ph.D

JADARA

Domestic violence is a pervasive and destructive phenomenon that occurs frequently, especially among people of color and individuals with disabilities. This study surveyed 195 Deaf and hard of hearing college students about their knowledge of domestic violence services, their concerns for agency staff characteristics, and service delivery, and the impact of additional disabilities. Results indicate that 74.8% of the sample knew someone who had experienced violence within the past year. Most respondents knew where to go for help, yet none or few of the individuals who experienced violence sought help. Respondents ranked services they felt most comfortable asking and which …

Sign Language Interpreters And Burnout: Exploring Perfectionism And Coping, Tomina J. Schwenke Ph.D

JADARA

Maslach (1982) conceptualizes burnout as emotional exhaustion and cynicism, which erodes an individual’s ability to effectively engage in work. A known antecedent to burnout across a variety of occupations, including interpreting, is chronic job stress (Delisle, Lariviere, Imbeau, & Durand, 2005; Swartz, 1999). The multidimensional construct of perfectionism is one personality trait noted in the literature (Flett & Hewitt, 2002) that affects how an individual perceives and manages stressors and it is consistently associated with burnout. Perfectionism is characterized by a tendency to set and strive for high personal standards and has both detrimental and beneficial potential (Stoeber & Otto, …

Applying For A Student Writing Award

JADARA

Interested in applying for a Student Writing Award from ADARA?

From The Editor: Caroline M. Kobek Pezzarossi, Ph.D., Caroline Kobek Pezzarossi Ph.D

JADARA

A note from your new Senior Editor, Caroline M. Kobek Pezzarossi, Ph.D. This letter from the editor also includes a short biography of Dr. Kobek Pezzarossi.

Condom Use Among Deaf College Students, Jason J. Zodda Ph.D

JADARA

The overarching aim for the current study was to assess the prevalence of condom use among college students who are deaf and determine if it differed from their hearing peers. Prior to this study, the modest information available suggested that deaf adults were likely engaging in significantly more risky sexual practices than hearing adults. To elucidate this topic, a sample of deaf college students was recruited from a predominately deaf university and administered measures that assessed their current sexual behavior and utilization of condoms during vaginal, anal, and oral sex. Of the three types of sexual contact studied, the results …

Front Matter

Modern Psychological Studies

No abstract provided.

Long Distance Vs Proximal Romantic Relationships: Predicting Commitment, Investments, And Bias, Arielle C. Butler, Wind Goodfriend

Modern Psychological Studies

The present study examined cognitive biases in dating partners involved in long distance (LDR) and proximal (PR) romantic relationships; specifically, we investigated whether couple members are biased to believe their relationship type is "better." We also examined if LDRs and PRs differ in relationship variables including satisfaction, alternatives, and investments. Bias was measured using a modified version of the investment model scale (Rusbult et al., 1998). Participants completed the items from three different perspectives: their current relationship, their perception of the "average" PR, and the "average" LDR. Results showed that people in LDRs and PRs have more similarities than differences.

Transpersonal Art—Does It Bite?, Judy Schavrien

International Journal of Transpersonal Studies

This article addresses the question of whether or not political perspective and content enrich transpersonal art and studies. The artist’s argument for making the range of the transpersonal inclusive, not just transcendent but also immanent, employs examples from her art as well as descriptions of her process. She sets the discussion in three contexts: that of art criticism, contemporary and traditional; that of art production; and that of the field of transpersonal studies. In regard to the latter, she both defines and examines the role of spiritual bypass, and argues the importance of resisting the temptation to take refuge in …

The Influence Of The Self In Partner Behavior Interpretation, Lauren M. Acri, Gary W. Lewandowski, Jr.

Modern Psychological Studies

This study examined how aspects of the self (i.e. self-concept clarity, self-expansion, and inclusion of the other in the self) influence relationship attributions. A sample of 92 (20 males, 72 females) college students in a relationship received a series of surveys assessing their levels of self-concept clarity, self-expansion, and inclusion of the other in the self Additionally, they completed a survey assessing whether they make relationship enhancing attributions when interpreting behavior. Self expansion and inclusion of the other in the self positively correlated with relationship enhancing attributions. However, there was no significant relationship between self-concept clarity and relationship enhancing attributions. …