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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Examing Body Shame Of College Women By Type Of Sexual Victimization, Ava T. Carcireiri, Suzanne L. Osman
Examing Body Shame Of College Women By Type Of Sexual Victimization, Ava T. Carcireiri, Suzanne L. Osman
Modern Psychological Studies
We examined body shame of college women based on the type of sexual victimization experience. Participants were 278 women from a mid-sized public university. They completed the Body Shame subscale (BSS) of the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale (OBCS; McKinley & Hyde; 1996) and the Sexual Experiences Survey (SES; Koss, Gidycz, & Wisniewski, 1987). As predicted, women who indicated that they were raped and women who indicated noncompleted victimization (did not involve penetration) had higher body shame scores than women who reported no victimization experience. Unexpectedly, women who reported sexual coercion did not differ from women with no victimization and there …
Participation In A Priming Task Predicts Persistence, Brandi L. Dilgard, Cassandra G. Mosely, Melissa D. Welch, Jessica L. Bates
Participation In A Priming Task Predicts Persistence, Brandi L. Dilgard, Cassandra G. Mosely, Melissa D. Welch, Jessica L. Bates
Modern Psychological Studies
Though previously considered to be a relatively stable factor, emerging research suggests that optimism may be manipulated. Since research suggests a link between optimism and task persistence, the manipulation of optimism may result in greater task persistence. This paper describes two experiments. In both experiments, researchers examined whether participants primed for optimism persisted longer on a difficult anagram-solving task than did participants who were not primed for optimism. Experiment 1 used a future thinking task to prime optimism, whereas Experiment 2 used a scrambled sentences task to prime optimism. Results suggested a trend for participants primed for optimism to persist …
Decoding Nonverbal Expressions Of Emotion Of Men And Women, Spencer Mac Adams
Decoding Nonverbal Expressions Of Emotion Of Men And Women, Spencer Mac Adams
Modern Psychological Studies
In this experiment participants viewed 42 images of 7 different facial expressions and asked to identify the emotion associated with the expression. Participants were separated into a control group and an experimental group. Participants in the control group were shown 21 male and 21 female expressions of the following: Anger, Sadness, Happiness, Fear, Disgust, Surprise, and a Neutral expression; each presented 3 times. The experimental group was given the same procedure with the addition of phrases that accompanied the images that were either: congruent, incongruent, or unrelated to the expression. Accurately decoding the expression was measured and factors of significance …
None For The Money: How We Actually Make Monetary Decisions: A Literature Review, Michael C. Mullarkey, Scott Parker
None For The Money: How We Actually Make Monetary Decisions: A Literature Review, Michael C. Mullarkey, Scott Parker
Modern Psychological Studies
Often, critics of academic scholarship point to the failure of academic findings translating to practical applications. This paper tackles an issue that most people deal with every single day, how to make smart decisions with their money. The literature scrutinizing the psychology of monetary decisions is vast. However, in a literature so comprehensive it can be easy to miss the forest for all the trees. By returning primarily to two authors who did much of the foundational research on the subject and expanding upon their work, this paper examines the overwhelming prevalence, causes, and future implications of irrational monetary decision …
An Investigation Of The Relationship Between Narcissism And Forgiveness Of Imagined Relationship Identity In College Students, Stephanie J. Ball, Terry F. Pettijohn Ii
An Investigation Of The Relationship Between Narcissism And Forgiveness Of Imagined Relationship Identity In College Students, Stephanie J. Ball, Terry F. Pettijohn Ii
Modern Psychological Studies
In this study, participants = 74) read a scenario about an imaginary romantic partner cheating on him/her by having sex with someone else and responded to a short survey concerned with infidelity forgiveness and a measure of narcissism. The method of how the infidelity was revealed to the victim was manipulated between participants. A high narcissism score was predicted to be indicative of a low forgiveness score regardless of the method of infidelity discovery. A significant main effect was predicted in the infidelity discovery method; specifically that unsolicited partner discovery will be more likely to be forgiven than "redhanded" discovery. …
Rate And Frequency Of Demands On Children With Autism, Colton Cassanelli, Timothy Piskura, Valerie Smith
Rate And Frequency Of Demands On Children With Autism, Colton Cassanelli, Timothy Piskura, Valerie Smith
Modern Psychological Studies
Applied Behavior Analytic (ABA) intervention seeks to improve deficits in children with autism by providing multiple planned opportunities for learners to develop and practice skills that are useful to them, and are effective alternatives to less acceptable behaviors. Throughout a given day, teachers give instruction to children. While the rate and frequency of these instructions occur in high numbers, there is little literature on just how often they occur. This project sought to find out the frequency of demands in one-hour increments for ten children in a behavior analytic school setting, and to test for differences between male and female …
Practitioner Responses To Dsm Categorization Of Hoarding, Megan Martins, Valerie Smith
Practitioner Responses To Dsm Categorization Of Hoarding, Megan Martins, Valerie Smith
Modern Psychological Studies
The Obsessive Compulsive Disorder subtype, Hoarding, is a growing topic of interest in the field of Psychology. Many researchers have debated over whether Hoarding should be categorized as a subtype of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder or as its own separate disorder because of the insufficient research on Hoarding. This study sought to find out what other licensed psychologists' opinions were on the debate. Twenty one females and eight males participated in a survey that consisted of questions covering three domains: attachment, beliefs, and decision-making. This survey also included an essay question which the participants may elaborate further on what their opinions …
The Difficulties Of Psychologcal Adjustment For Female Rape Victims: A Literature Review, Jackie Castille, Carolyn Barry
The Difficulties Of Psychologcal Adjustment For Female Rape Victims: A Literature Review, Jackie Castille, Carolyn Barry
Modern Psychological Studies
In this literature review we explore the various factors that can affect how well college-aged female rape victims adjust psychologically following a rape incident. Such factors include the following: how a victim cognitively labels the incident (i.e., as rape or something else); society's reaction to the victim's story, and subsequent identification of the victim as stigmatized or not; the prevalence of rape myths that impact stigmatization; and the presence of a support system in the form of friends who are willing to listen receptively to the victim. These factors together affect how well a victim is able to adjust psychologically …
Self And Peer-Ratings Of Self-Esteem And Cardiovascular Reactivity To Laboratory Stressors In Cadets, Samantha D. Price, Kaitlin M. Harrison, Alex D. Green, Keith A. Kline
Self And Peer-Ratings Of Self-Esteem And Cardiovascular Reactivity To Laboratory Stressors In Cadets, Samantha D. Price, Kaitlin M. Harrison, Alex D. Green, Keith A. Kline
Modern Psychological Studies
Past research has indicated that self-esteem has multiple dimensions. It has been suggested that defensive high self-esteem makes one vulnerable to ego-threat and might be reflected in discrepancies between peer- and self-ratings. The purpose of this study was to observe how self- and peer-rated self-esteem affect cardiovascular reactivity to ego-threatening stressors (cold pressor and toughness-challenging interview) in nineteen military college cadets. High/low groups of self-esteem were formed based on peer- and self-ratings. Cadets in the low self-rating group showed evidence of a mixed (myocardial and vascular) response; cadets in the high peer-rating group showed higher myocardial and lower vascular reactivity. …
The Journey Of Imagery In Relation To Post Traumatic Stress (Ptsd) Treatment: A Literature Review, Jamie E. Rains
The Journey Of Imagery In Relation To Post Traumatic Stress (Ptsd) Treatment: A Literature Review, Jamie E. Rains
Modern Psychological Studies
This purpose of this paper is to review the literature on imagery as it relates to the treatment of nightmares as a symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This paper introduces the dire need for nightmare related PTSD treatments. Furthermore, it describes why imagery exposure works, why it should be used to treat PTSD related nightmares, and this paper will introduce proposed further research that has been influenced by the literature reviewed
Predicting Psychological Mindedness: Anxiety And Attachment Styles, Kara Owens, Tracy A. Prout
Predicting Psychological Mindedness: Anxiety And Attachment Styles, Kara Owens, Tracy A. Prout
Modern Psychological Studies
Psychological mindedness (PM) has been studied primarily as a psychotherapy-related variable. There is a limited and inconclusive body of research exploring the relationship between PM and developmental constructs like attachment style. Additionally, there is a limited and contradictory body of research regarding the relationship between PM and various types of anxiety. This study explored the relationships between PM, anxiety, and attachment style. Significant negative relationships were found between PM and three types of anxiety (state, trait, and social). Significant inverse relationships were found between PM and anxious and avoidant attachment to peers, mother, and father. Trait anxiety and avoidant attachment …
The Changing Nature Of Friendships Over The Lifespan, Emily Pica, Karri Verno
The Changing Nature Of Friendships Over The Lifespan, Emily Pica, Karri Verno
Modern Psychological Studies
The current study examined differences in friendships between younger adults and older adults. One hundred and fifty eight participants completed various measures, which examined the importance of specific friendship qualities. Peer nominations were used to examine the number of close friends, with an additional component added to assess proximity of one's closest friends. Results indicated that both demographic variables and proximity of equal importance for both younger adults and older adults. Results also indicated that both cohorts chose friends close to their own ages. The researchers conclude there are few cohort differences in what younger and older adults value in …
Perceptions Of Social Decisions Made By Individuals Of Different Ages, Roberta Sutton, Lisa S. Wagner, Kathleen E. Cook
Perceptions Of Social Decisions Made By Individuals Of Different Ages, Roberta Sutton, Lisa S. Wagner, Kathleen E. Cook
Modern Psychological Studies
This study examines the perceptions that individuals have about the social decisions of others and the role that age plays in these perceptions. In this study, older and young adults read a vignette in which Clare (either 80 or 20-years-old) chose a social partner (either close friend or new acquaintance). Older adults rated Older Clare more favorably when she chose a close relationship and they rated Younger Clare more favorably when she chose the new experience. Young adults showed more mixed results. Unlike older adults, young adults rated Older Clare more favorably when she chose the new experience rather than …
An Investigation Of Gender, Perceived Gender-Barriers To A Future Occupation, And Academic Achievement Among Delinquent Adolescents, Lee A. Hand, Hilary M. Anton-Stang, Zena R. Mello
An Investigation Of Gender, Perceived Gender-Barriers To A Future Occupation, And Academic Achievement Among Delinquent Adolescents, Lee A. Hand, Hilary M. Anton-Stang, Zena R. Mello
Modern Psychological Studies
The current study assesses perceptions of gender-related barriers to a future occupation and its association with academic achievement among delinquent adolescents aged 12-19 years old. It was hypothesized that the perception of gender related barriers to a future occupation would have similar effects on male and female adolescents' academic achievement. Data included self-reported perceived barriers to a future occupation and academic achievement. Results indicated that females and males reported similar amounts of perceived barriers to a future occupation. Regression analysis indicated the relationship between perceived barriers and academic achievement varied across gender. For males, more perceived gender-barriers were associated with …
Associations Between The Peer Group And Sex-Role Orientations Among College-Age Men, Daniel L. King, Preston R. Bost
Associations Between The Peer Group And Sex-Role Orientations Among College-Age Men, Daniel L. King, Preston R. Bost
Modern Psychological Studies
Because research has identified that sex role orientation is flexible in response to environmental factors such as the peer group, the current study attempted to investigate whether sex-role orientation varies as a function of the peer group, operationalized by the type of institution (single-sex vs. co-educational) one attends. Using the Bern Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) as a measure of sexrole endorsement, researchers sampled male participants attending a small, single-sex, Mid-western liberal arts institution and male participants from a small, co-educational, Mid-western liberal arts institution. Sex-role orientations were differently distributed at the two institutions. Specifically, more masculine individuals were observed at …
The Effect Of Music Genre On A Memory Task, Darragh Bugter, Randy Carden
The Effect Of Music Genre On A Memory Task, Darragh Bugter, Randy Carden
Modern Psychological Studies
This study examined the effects of two different music genres and silence on a memory task Sixty participants were randomly assigned to three groups which were exposed to rap music, classical music or silence while playing the Concentration game. The number of flips needed to complete the Concentration game was measured and served as the memory score. Results of a one-way analysis of variance detected a significant difference between the groups. A planned post hoc analysis found that the classical music group completed the Concentration game in significantly fewer flips than the rap group.
Attachment Styles And Anorexia Nervosa: A Literature Review, Lauren Battaglia, Carolyn Mcnamara Barry
Attachment Styles And Anorexia Nervosa: A Literature Review, Lauren Battaglia, Carolyn Mcnamara Barry
Modern Psychological Studies
Anorexia nervosa affects about 1.8 million women in the United States of America. Aside from the direct effects of the disorder, which includes detrimental weight loss, there are a number of related physical effects that are strongly correlated, some of which can be fatal (Birmingham & Treasure, 2010). Research on the etiologies of the disorder has indicated numerous factors ranging from neurobiological to psychological to social. In this paper we focus on the link between parent-child attachment styles and anorexia nervosa. In particular, parental care, connectedness, and control are examined. We also explore the mediating variables (e.g., core beliefs and …
In The Mind Of The Predator: The Possibility Of Psychological Distress In The Drone Pilot Community, Matthew S. Lowe, James T. Gire
In The Mind Of The Predator: The Possibility Of Psychological Distress In The Drone Pilot Community, Matthew S. Lowe, James T. Gire
Modern Psychological Studies
In light of the increasing use of Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA), commonly known as drones, and the equally increasing prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among U.S. veterans of recent wars, this study investigated the possible effects of piloting a drone aircraft and PTSD. Using a simulated drone aircraft in a computer game, the results showed that participants who simulated a drone attack and viewed the post-drone attack video reported significantly higher distress than those who viewed only the post-drone attack video. Females also showed higher distress levels than males. These results suggest the potential risks of psychological trauma even …
The Ecological Validity Of The Self-Explanation Effect: The Deleterious Effect Of Music On Self-Explanations, Jason Geller, Robert J. Calin-Jageman
The Ecological Validity Of The Self-Explanation Effect: The Deleterious Effect Of Music On Self-Explanations, Jason Geller, Robert J. Calin-Jageman
Modern Psychological Studies
One of the most powerful ways to boost learning is to require students to self-explain—to generate written or verbal explanations of their study material as they are studying. Although self-explaining is known to enhance learning across a wide range of ages and study materials, this empirical work has focused almost exclusively on optimal study conditions. Here we explore if selfexplaining is similarly effective in the presence of background music, a distraction students commonly elect to incorporate into their study routines. In the first study, 32 university students were asked to learn about neuronal action potentials while we varied both self-explaining …
The Challenges In The Transition To Adulthood For Foster Care Youth: A Literature Review, Megan Steffe, Carolyn Mcnamara Barry
The Challenges In The Transition To Adulthood For Foster Care Youth: A Literature Review, Megan Steffe, Carolyn Mcnamara Barry
Modern Psychological Studies
The years of emerging adulthood are oftentimes filled with both happiness and anxiety while youth move toward adult roles and responsibilities. According to Courtney and Dworsky (2006), a subset of American emerging adults, those who are transitioning out of foster care face greater vulnerability than do their peers in the general population in a number of issues. As a result, this paper reviewed the literature on the challenges faced by these former foster youth, namely relationships, well-being, substance use, education, employment and finances. Limitations of this extant research are noted along with directions in future research on programs designed to …
The Art Of Work Autonomy: A Test Of Its Influence On Job Embeddedness, Qian Jiang, Chris W. Wright, Amy Smith
The Art Of Work Autonomy: A Test Of Its Influence On Job Embeddedness, Qian Jiang, Chris W. Wright, Amy Smith
Modern Psychological Studies
Mitchell, Holtom, Lee, Sablynski, and Erez (2001) demonstrated that Job Embeddedness is connected to intent to leave and voluntary turnover in employment. Previous researchers have also found that Work Autonomy predicts variables similar to Job Embeddedness (Mitchell et al., 2001). We investigated the factors that impact why people stay at their jobs by examining the relationship between Work Autonomy and Job Embeddedness. Data from 190 currently or previously employed participants were collected. As hypothesized, Work Autonomy was strongly correlated with on/off-the-job fit, on/off-the job sacrifice, on-the-job links and overall Job Embeddedness. However it was not correlated with off-the-job links. Implications …
Self-Handicapping Mediates Between Impulsiveness And Self-Discipline, Jessica M. Mckinney, Kyle D. Maxwell, Richard L. Metzger
Self-Handicapping Mediates Between Impulsiveness And Self-Discipline, Jessica M. Mckinney, Kyle D. Maxwell, Richard L. Metzger
Modern Psychological Studies
Self-handicapping, while not a very acknowledged tendency, is very prevalent today. Especially among students of any grade level, the behavior prevents many from reaching their full potential. The purpose of this experiment was to see how Selfhandicapping mediated between Impulsiveness and Self-discipline which can later be used by teachers to help students with this phenomenon. A short survey was given to psychology undergraduate students at the University of Tennessee-Chattanooga whose age ranged from 18-44 and were predominantly Caucasian. Self-handicapping was found to mediate between Impulsiveness and Self-discipline (r = .512) compared to Impulsiveness and Self-discipline (r= .288) without using self-handicapping …
Moti-Faction: Retaining And Engaging Employees Using Motivation Profile-Based Rewards, Gina A. Anderson, Susan Bornstein-Forst
Moti-Faction: Retaining And Engaging Employees Using Motivation Profile-Based Rewards, Gina A. Anderson, Susan Bornstein-Forst
Modern Psychological Studies
Organizations are searching for opportunities to increase job satisfaction, motivation for higher performance, and retaining their top talent. This study explores an assessment tool to aim rewards to individual motivation profiles so that companies can reach their potential. A survey exploring employee's attitudes on these types of rewards and an assessment tool to determine employee's individual motivation profiles was created and tested within a manufacturing corporate office through use of an online survey tool, Survey Monkey. Results showed that motivation profiles are evident and a relationship exists between rewarding based on the motivation profile's reward preferences and employee satisfaction and …
Confirming The Dynamic Model Of Working Memory, Keith Christopher Weitze
Confirming The Dynamic Model Of Working Memory, Keith Christopher Weitze
Modern Psychological Studies
The study of working memory capacity has resulted in a plethora of research that has obsequiously polarized professionals into two groups: one that favors a static model of working memory and the other, a dynamic model of working memory. This paper analyzes three areas related to working memory capacity to help confirm the dynamic model of working memory. A neuroanatomical analysis of an individual's brain undergoing a working memory task illustrates converging brain-centers that process information from multiple modalities, thereby, bolstering the dynamic model. Through a careful consideration of the role of inhibitory control on working memory capacity, an argument …
Smiley Face Symbols: Students' Reactions As A Function Of A Professor's Request To Meet, Alyssa A. Radford
Smiley Face Symbols: Students' Reactions As A Function Of A Professor's Request To Meet, Alyssa A. Radford
Modern Psychological Studies
The college years are a period during which students transition from a parent-oriented environment to one in which they take greater responsibility for their personal and social development. Nonetheless, parents remain a lasting influence on children during these years. Attachment theorists have examined the degree to which attachment history with parents influences ones later interpersonal relationships and perceptions of others. For example, college students' attachment styles influence how they interpret a professor's request to meet (Perrine & King, 2004). The present research examined how securely and insecurely attached students differ in their reactions to a professor's written request to meet …
How Willing Are We To Lower Our Standards? Mate Preferences As A Function Of Mate Value And Faithfulness History, Laura Loyola, Theresa E. Didonato
How Willing Are We To Lower Our Standards? Mate Preferences As A Function Of Mate Value And Faithfulness History, Laura Loyola, Theresa E. Didonato
Modern Psychological Studies
This study sought to determine how the mate value and revelation of faithfulness history could affect mate preference. It was predicted that faithfulness would be more important over mate value for a long-term relationship, and the opposite would be so for short-term relationships. Using a between-subjects experimental design, participants evaluated a hypothetical partner of high, similar, or low mate value that had a faithful or unfaithful past. Results revealed that people cared most about faithfulness for a long-term relationship when that person also had a similar or high degree of mate value. For short-term relationships people cared more about the …
Practical Wisdom: A Review Of Foundations Of Ethical Practice, Research, And Teaching In Psychology And Counseling, Fatima A. Cotton
Practical Wisdom: A Review Of Foundations Of Ethical Practice, Research, And Teaching In Psychology And Counseling, Fatima A. Cotton
The Qualitative Report
In Karen Strohm Kitchener and Sharon K. Anderson’s Foundations of Ethical Practice, Research, and Teaching in Psychology and Counseling (2011) they use the term practical wisdom or prudence as a way to make right decisions in real life situation. The authors lay the foundation for conceptually dealing with ethical problems for psychologists, counselors, students, and trainees. The book is in two parts. In the first six chapters, the authors focus on the foundations of ethical reasoning. The next part focuses on the ethical issues psychologists and counselors are confronted with in their roles.