Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
- Institution
- Keyword
-
- Metaphors (2)
- Psychology (2)
- 20–29 vs 50–59 year olds (1)
- Accuracy & speed of simple reasoning decisions (1)
- Age differences (1)
-
- Amount of salient information (1)
- Analysis (1)
- Body weight (1)
- Compulsive eating (1)
- Decision making (1)
- Divorce (1)
- Eating disorders (1)
- Fear conditioning of startle reflex (1)
- History of psychology (1)
- Human information storage (1)
- Human selves (1)
- N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists in amygdala (1)
- Neuropsychological discourse (1)
- Obesity (1)
- Rats (1)
- Stress (1)
- Study (1)
- William James (1)
Articles 1 - 9 of 9
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Blocking Of Acquisition But Not Expression Of Conditioned Fear-Potentiated Startle By Nmda Antagonists In The Amygdala, Mindy Miserendino, Catherine B. Sananes, Kathleen R. Melia, Michael Davis
Blocking Of Acquisition But Not Expression Of Conditioned Fear-Potentiated Startle By Nmda Antagonists In The Amygdala, Mindy Miserendino, Catherine B. Sananes, Kathleen R. Melia, Michael Davis
Psychology Faculty Publications
Assessed the role of N-methyl-{d}-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the amygdala in associative fear conditioning. 132 rats were implanted with cannulae aimed at the basolateral amygdaloid nuclei, while 13 controls had cannulae aimed at the interpositus nuclei of the cerebellum. NMDA antagonists infused into the amygdala blocked the acquisition, but not the expression, of fear conditioning measured with a behavioral assay mediated by a defined neural circuit (fear-potentiation of the acoustic startle reflex). This effect showed anatomical and pharmacological specificity, and was not attributable to reduced salience of the stimuli of light or shock used in training. An NMDA-dependent process in …
Memory Factors In Age-Related Differences In Simple Reasoning, Timothy A. Salthouse, Roni Reiter-Palmon, Deborah Mitchell
Memory Factors In Age-Related Differences In Simple Reasoning, Timothy A. Salthouse, Roni Reiter-Palmon, Deborah Mitchell
Psychology Faculty Publications
Adults in their 50s were compared with adults in their late teens or 20s in the accuracy of relatively simple reasoning decisions involving varying amounts of information. Because the magnitude of the age differences in decision accuracy was independent of the amount of information relevant to the decision, it was suggested that adults in their 20s and 50s do not differ in the effectiveness of integrating information across multiple premises. However, the 2 groups differed in the accuracy of trials involving only a single relevant premise, and thus it was inferred that 1 factor contributing to reasoning differences within the …
Testosterone, Social Class, And Antisocial Behavior In A Sample Of 4,462 Men, Robin D. Morris, James M. Dabbs
Testosterone, Social Class, And Antisocial Behavior In A Sample Of 4,462 Men, Robin D. Morris, James M. Dabbs
Psychology Faculty Publications
Two hypotheses have been offered to explain the relation between testosterone and antisocial behavior in delinquent and criminal populations. One is that testosterone leads directly to antisocial behavior. The other is that a constellation of dominance, competitiveness, and sensation seeking associated with testosterone leads to either antisocial or prosocial behavior, depending upon an individual's resources and background. Analysis of archival data from 4,462 U.S military veterans supported the first hypothesis: Testosterone was correlated with a variety of antisocial behaviors among all individuals, however, socioeconomic status (SES) Proved to be a moderating variable, with weaker Testosterone-behavior relationships among high SES subjects.
Psyche's Muse: The Role Of Metaphor In Psychology, David E. Leary
Psyche's Muse: The Role Of Metaphor In Psychology, David E. Leary
Psychology Faculty Publications
Ever since Aristotle asserted that "the greatest thing by far is to be a master of metaphor," numerous scholars have studied and written about the nature and functions of metaphor.1 The vast majority of these scholars have focused on metaphor as a distinctive use of language that has various rhetorical functions.2 Recently, however, some scholars have begun to dig deeper into the topic, investigating the possibility that metaphor is not only a form of speech, but more fundamentally a form of thought, having basic epistemological functions.3 With regard to science, for instance, such scholars as Arbib and …
William James On The Self And Personality: Clearing The Ground For Subsequent Theorists, Researchers, And Practitioners, David E. Leary
William James On The Self And Personality: Clearing The Ground For Subsequent Theorists, Researchers, And Practitioners, David E. Leary
Psychology Faculty Publications
The fundamental basis of William James's psychology - the rock-bottom foundation on which it is constructed - is "the stream of thought" or "the stream of consciousness. " 1* The first and preeminent characteristic of our flowingly continuous experience of "thought" or "consciousness," James (1890/1983d) said, is that it is personal (pp. 220-224). Every thought, every psychological experience, is mine, or hers, or his, or yours. For this reason, he suggested, "the personal self rather than the thought [or consciousness] might be treated as the immediate datum in psychology" (p. 221).2 Indeed, James was strongly convinced that "no …
Metaphor, Theory, And Practice In The History Of Psychology, David E. Leary
Metaphor, Theory, And Practice In The History Of Psychology, David E. Leary
Psychology Faculty Publications
In these chapters we have seen that neuropsychological discourse has been advanced by the use of metaphors from telecommunications, control systems engineering, computer science, holography, and other developments in parallel distributed processing (Pribram, Chapter 2); that theoretical discussions of the emotions have revolved around metaphors of inner feelings, physiological responses, vestiges of animal nature, diseases of the mind, driving forces, and social roles (Averill, Chapter 3); that treatments of motivation have portrayed the human person as a pawn, an agent, a natural entity, an organism, or a machine (McReynolds, Chapter 4); that a vast array of cognitive metaphors have been …
Age And Experience Effects In Spatial Visualization, Timothy A. Salthouse, Renee L. Babcock, Eric Skovronek, Debora R. D. Mitchell, Roni Reiter-Palmon
Age And Experience Effects In Spatial Visualization, Timothy A. Salthouse, Renee L. Babcock, Eric Skovronek, Debora R. D. Mitchell, Roni Reiter-Palmon
Psychology Faculty Publications
Three studies were conducted to investigate effects related to age and experience on measures of spatial visualization ability. All research participants were college-educated men; those in the experienced group were practicing or recently retired architects. The major results of the studies were (a) that increased age was found to be associated with lower levels of performance on several tests of spatial visualization and (b) that this was true both for unselected adults and for adults with extensive spatial visualization experience. These findings seem to suggest that age-related effects in some aspects of cognitive functioning may be independent of experiential influences. …
Divorce Stress And Adjustment Model: Locus Of Control And Demographic Predictors, Helen Smith Barnet
Divorce Stress And Adjustment Model: Locus Of Control And Demographic Predictors, Helen Smith Barnet
Psychology Faculty Publications
Reports On One Hundred and Seven Recently Divorced Men and Women Who Completed a Mailed Questionnaire Eliciting Locus of Control, Difficulties, Decision Time, and Divorce Stress and Adjustment.
An Obsessive-Compulsive View Of Obesity And Its Treatment, Raymond Mount, Fugen Neziroglu, Christina J. Taylor
An Obsessive-Compulsive View Of Obesity And Its Treatment, Raymond Mount, Fugen Neziroglu, Christina J. Taylor
Psychology Faculty Publications
It was hypothesized that some obese individuals who are obsessed with food and who eat compulsively may not respond to the stimulus control techniques widely used in treating obesity. Sixty-eight participants were ad- ministered a measure of obsessive tendencies and randomly assigned to three treatment modalities: (a) Exposure and response prevention; (b) Stimulus control; (c) Control. Results indicated that participants who scored high on the Eating Obsessive Compulsive questionnaire (EOC) maintained weight loss significantly better with exposure and response prevention (ERP) training than did either the stimulus control or the control group. It was concluded that for the obsessive-compulsive eater, …