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Articles 1 - 10 of 10
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Modeling Phonological Processing For Children With Mild Intellectual Disabilities: The Relationship Between Underlying Phonological Abilities And Associated Language Variables, Robert Michael Barker
Modeling Phonological Processing For Children With Mild Intellectual Disabilities: The Relationship Between Underlying Phonological Abilities And Associated Language Variables, Robert Michael Barker
Psychology Dissertations
The structure of phonological processing for typically developing children has been debated over the past two decades. Recent research has indicated that phonological processing is best explained by a single underlying phonological ability (e.g., Anthony and Lonigan, 2004). The current study had two goals. The first goal was to determine the structure of phonological processing for school-age children with mild intellectual disabilities (MID). The second goal was to determine the relationship between the components of phonological processing and expressive and receptive language ability. The participants were 222 school-age children identified by their schools as having MID. Confirmatory factor analysis was …
Vocabulary And Reading Growth In Children With Intellectual Disabilites: The Influences Of Risks, Adaptive Behavior, And A Reading Intervention, Dana Donohue
Psychology Dissertations
Risk factors tend to be negatively associated with developmental outcomes such as academic achievement and language skills. Promotive factors, on the other hand, may foster resilience in at-risk children. Some children, such as children with intellectual disabilities, experience relatively more risks than other children do. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of risks, adaptive behavior, and an intervention on the language and reading growth of children with intellectual abilities over the course of a yearlong reading intervention in which they were participants. The results suggested that, on average, risks were negatively associated and adaptive behaviors were …
Examining The Role Of Communication On Sibling Relationship Quality And Interaction For Sibling Pairs With And Without A Developmental Disability, Ashlyn L. Smith
Examining The Role Of Communication On Sibling Relationship Quality And Interaction For Sibling Pairs With And Without A Developmental Disability, Ashlyn L. Smith
Psychology Dissertations
Sibling relationships in families of children with disabilities are generally positive despite difficulties that may result from the child’s disability. Many developmental disabilities have associated communication impairments that could affect how siblings interact with each other and the closeness between them. Research has rarely addressed the role of communication skills and how potential deficits in communication may impact the sibling relationship. The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of sibling communication interaction patterns when one sibling has a developmental disability and the unique role that communication skills play in the quality of the sibling relationship using both …
Examination Of Perceived Norms And Masculinity Threat As Predictors Of College Men's Behavioral Intentions As Bystanders In A Party Gang Rape Situation, Doyanne A. Darnell
Examination Of Perceived Norms And Masculinity Threat As Predictors Of College Men's Behavioral Intentions As Bystanders In A Party Gang Rape Situation, Doyanne A. Darnell
Psychology Dissertations
Sexual assault of women is a well-documented phenomenon in U.S. samples, particularly on college campuses. Innovative approaches to prevention encourage men and women to intervene as bystanders in sexual assault situations; however, bystander behavior is notoriously inhibited by various situational factors. This study used a mixed-method approach to better understand the role of situational factors in college men’s bystander behavioral intentions in a party gang rape situation. The first aim was to develop an experimental paradigm using vignette methodology to manipulate the amount of masculinity threat present in a party gang rape situation, which could then be used to explore …
Health Disparities In A Diverse County: Investigating Interactions Between Residents And Neighborhoods, John P. Barile
Health Disparities In A Diverse County: Investigating Interactions Between Residents And Neighborhoods, John P. Barile
Psychology Dissertations
This study evaluated the associations of individual and neighborhood level risk factors with physical health, mental health, and stress in a diverse urban county. Relatively little research has attempted to disentangle the interactive individual characteristics and neighborhood conditions underlying health outcomes and disparities. To address this, survey data were collected and analyzed from 1,107 residents living in one of the 114 census tracts in DeKalb County, GA. Using multilevel structural equation modeling techniques, this study found that neighborhood level measures of the social and built environment were not associated with the health outcomes under study after controlling for neighborhood level …
Reducing Automatic Stereotype Activation: Mechanisms And Moderators Of Situational Attribution Training, Ioana M. Latu
Reducing Automatic Stereotype Activation: Mechanisms And Moderators Of Situational Attribution Training, Ioana M. Latu
Psychology Dissertations
Individuals tend to underestimate situational causes and overly rely on trait causes in explaining negative behaviors of outgroup members, a tendency named the ultimate attribution error (Pettigrew, 1979). This attributional pattern is directly related to stereotyping, because attributing negative behaviors to internal, stable causes tends to perpetuate negative stereotypes of outgroup members. Recent research on implicit bias reduction revealed that circumventing individuals’ tendency to engage in the ultimate attribution error led to reduced stereotyping. More specifically, training White participants to consider situational factors in determining Blacks’ negative stereotypic behaviors led to decreased automatic stereotype activation. This technique was named Situational …
Effects Of Sexual Abuse And Cultural Coping On African American Parent-Child Relationships: Implications For Intervention, Alana K. Miller-Clayton
Effects Of Sexual Abuse And Cultural Coping On African American Parent-Child Relationships: Implications For Intervention, Alana K. Miller-Clayton
Psychology Dissertations
Few studies have been conducted to determine relationships between maternal childhood sexual abuse (CSA) history and parenting practices. Furthermore, no studies have attempted to understand how cultural coping methods dynamically impact the relationship between maternal CSA history and parenting outcomes. The purpose of this study is to understand if maternal coping mediates the relation between maternal CSA history and mother-daughter relational outcomes in a sample of African American mothers. The Strong Black Woman (SBW) Cultural Coping Scale, which consists of caretaking, affect regulation, and self-reliance factors, was used to represent maternal coping, and the Parent-Child Relationship Questionnaire (PCRQ) was used …
An Analogical Paradox For Nonhuman Primates: Bridging The Perceptual-Conceptual Gap, Timothy M. Flemming
An Analogical Paradox For Nonhuman Primates: Bridging The Perceptual-Conceptual Gap, Timothy M. Flemming
Psychology Dissertations
Over the past few decades, the dominant view by comparative psychologists of analogical reasoning in nonhuman primates was one of dichotomy between apes, including humans, and monkeys: the distinction between the analogical ape and paleological monkey (Thompson & Oden, 2000). Whereas evidence for analogy proper by representation reinterpretation in monkeys is sparse and debated, the gap between that which is analogic and paleologic has been narrowed by the studies presented here. Representation of relational concepts important for analogy proves difficult for rhesus and capuchin monkeys without the ability to rely on a greater amount of perceptual variability, implicating a perceptually-bound …
Developmental Antecedents Of Symptoms Of Adult Separation Anxiety In Young Adult College Students, Noelle T. Santorelli
Developmental Antecedents Of Symptoms Of Adult Separation Anxiety In Young Adult College Students, Noelle T. Santorelli
Psychology Dissertations
Separation anxiety disorder (SAD) is rarely considered in adults presenting with anxious symptomatology, but a growing body of evidence suggests that its symptoms are experienced by a significant number of adults. Early parent-child relationships are an especially important area of study for understanding SAD. Moreover, the attachment style that is formed through early parent-child interactions may serve as a mediator to later expression of symptoms of adult separation anxiety (ASA). Studying the early parent-child relationship and perceived parenting styles in conjunction with individual attachment styles will allow for a more systemic approach to understanding potential risk factors for the development …
Evaluating The Influence Of Participaiton In A Diverse High School-Based Group Mentoring Program, Lawanda Cummings
Evaluating The Influence Of Participaiton In A Diverse High School-Based Group Mentoring Program, Lawanda Cummings
Psychology Dissertations
Group mentoring may offer similar supports as traditional one-on-one mentoring and a more culturally consistent forum for addressing issues of ethnicity, academic self-concept and school connectedness (Lindsay-Dennis, Cummings, McClendon, in press; Utsey, Howard & Williams, 2003). The present study investigates the development of students’ ethnic identity, academic self-concept and school connectedness through participation in a school based group mentoring program within a culturally diverse high school. Employing a mixed method design and multilevel modeling analysis, both the ethnicity of the mentor and the diversity composition of each group were assessed as contributors to the mentoring process. Ethnic identity and academic …