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Attitude Changes Among College Students Post-Pandemic, Alex J. Goncalo, Nicholas S. Zambrotta
Attitude Changes Among College Students Post-Pandemic, Alex J. Goncalo, Nicholas S. Zambrotta
Modern Psychological Studies
The COVID-19 pandemic forced students across the nation to attend school virtually and thus dramatically altered the college experience for many students. Stay at home mandates and loss of social interaction may have contributed to increased isolation and poor mental health. Although mandates have been lifted, and normal college life has resumed in most places, it is unknown if a lingering social impact was left on college students. Numerous studies provide evidence through in-depth examinations indicating altered mental health and psychological behavior of adults, specifically college aged individuals. The present study measured happiness, optimism, and psychological well-being in a sample …
The Impact Of Parent-Child Interactions On Emotion Regulation In Adulthood, Bridget Burgoyne, Holly Grant-Marsney
The Impact Of Parent-Child Interactions On Emotion Regulation In Adulthood, Bridget Burgoyne, Holly Grant-Marsney
Modern Psychological Studies
Childhood is a time where emotional skills are formed. These skills often reflect the primary caregiver(s) modeling and interactions which may shape emotional intelligence. This research aimed to assess if specific parenting approaches have lasting effects on a person’s ability to emotionally regulate. The sample included 141 adults, who responded to questions reflecting the parenting approaches they observed, and their current state of emotional regulation. Results from our regression analysis showed when controlling for age, parental warmth in childhood predicted one’s later ability to use cognitive reappraisal skills. Results from our correlational analysis showed strong positive associations between overindulgence, cognitive …
Body Image And Social Media In College Students, Elaine M. Kozmiuk, Sawyer Ellis, Mary Pritchard, Heather Schoenherr (Mentor)
Body Image And Social Media In College Students, Elaine M. Kozmiuk, Sawyer Ellis, Mary Pritchard, Heather Schoenherr (Mentor)
Modern Psychological Studies
The current study assessed the relationship between social media appearance-related preoccupation (SMARP), body shame, body surveillance, and social physique anxiety (SPA). Data were collected from 1,049 participants, and a correlational analysis and a hierarchal regression were conducted. Significant relationships were found between body shame, body surveillance, SMARP, and SPA, supporting our hypotheses. Our results confirmed the relationship between SPA and SMARP, adding evidence to a mixed debate about the relationships between SPA and social media use. The researchers found that SPA moderated the relationship between body shame and SMARP. We can conclude that appearance anxieties and appearance-based social media use …
Parental Childhood Rejection: An Exploration Of Anxiety And Depression In Later Life, Rocky Ashburn, Stephanie A. Kazanas
Parental Childhood Rejection: An Exploration Of Anxiety And Depression In Later Life, Rocky Ashburn, Stephanie A. Kazanas
Modern Psychological Studies
Many studies have shown parental rejection can lead to depression. However, research exploring parental rejection and anxiety has been lacking and inconsistent, with some studies suggesting a relationship, while others do not. The current study aimed to examine if the perception of parental rejection in one’s childhood could predict trait anxiety and depression scores among young adults. Our hypothesis was that higher perception of parental rejection in childhood would predict both higher trait anxiety and depression. Study participants included 123 undergraduate students from a Southeastern U.S. university, with all participants being at least 18 years old. Correlations were explored across …
"The Only Disability In Life Is A Bad Attitude": A Quantitative Exploration Of The Impacts Of Inspiration Porn, Anna H. Burt, Megan Mccarty
"The Only Disability In Life Is A Bad Attitude": A Quantitative Exploration Of The Impacts Of Inspiration Porn, Anna H. Burt, Megan Mccarty
Modern Psychological Studies
Inspiration porn is a social media representation of visibly disabled individuals performing physical activities accompanied by short motivation captions meant to inspire viewers. Critics of inspiration porn hold that it misrepresents the reality of disability and negatively impacts disabled people. This study aimed to quantitatively explore the impacts of inspiration porn on various disability-related variables, as there is limited research on this topic. We hypothesized that exposure to inspiration porn would increase system justification and belief in a just world, decrease support for disability-related policies, and cause viewers to view disabled individuals as sources of inspiration. We also had several …
Body Dissatisfaction In College Students: Which Sociocultural Pressure Best Predicts Drive For Thinness?, Sawyer V. Ellis, Elaine M. Kozmiuk, Mary E. Pritchard, Heather Schoenherr
Body Dissatisfaction In College Students: Which Sociocultural Pressure Best Predicts Drive For Thinness?, Sawyer V. Ellis, Elaine M. Kozmiuk, Mary E. Pritchard, Heather Schoenherr
Modern Psychological Studies
Previous literature has suggested that family pressure is the main predictor of drive for thinness (Palladino Green & Pritchard, 2003). Given the growth of social media where thin beauty is glamorized, we wanted to test if this remains true while including multiple factors that may have been disregarded in body-centric studies. Consequently, we asked which sociocultural pressure—family, peers, or media—relates the strongest with body shame, body surveillance, and drive for thinness. A sample of 1,049 undergraduate psychology students, ages 18-29, were surveyed to better understand body dissatisfaction in college students. We predicted that each sociocultural pressure would correlate with body …
Factors Contributing To Viewing Automobile Commuting As A Waste Of Time, Trishyne J. Butler, Jennifer L. Hughes
Factors Contributing To Viewing Automobile Commuting As A Waste Of Time, Trishyne J. Butler, Jennifer L. Hughes
Modern Psychological Studies
Many commuters view their commute as a waste of time. Although there is an ample amount of research on commuting, there is limited research on what negatively impacts the commuting experience. The current study sought to evaluate the relationship between commuters and their everyday commute. The following factors (i.e., gender identity, age, length, unpredictability, delays, time pressures, and congestion) were evaluated to predict seeing one’s commute as a waste of time. We hypothesized that men and younger commuters, as well as those who were unsatisfied with the length, unpredictability, delays, time pressures, and congestion during the commute, would find their …
Motivated Gifts: A Self-Determination Perspective, Sharise Love, Liudmila Titova
Motivated Gifts: A Self-Determination Perspective, Sharise Love, Liudmila Titova
Modern Psychological Studies
Gift-giving can strengthen relationships and facilitate favor requests. Previous researchers have found that 'motivated gifts' (gifts given with the intention of asking a favor) decrease recipients' satisfaction and willingness to help. The current study investigated the role of basic psychological need satisfaction (BPNS) in this effect. BPNS is said to facilitate the integration of autonomous motivation, which was hypothesized to mediate the relationship between motivated gifts and prosociality. In the current study, a sample of 426 undergraduate students was randomly given a hypothetical scenario in which they imagined receiving a motivated gift or not, while also being asked a favor. …
A Historical Analysis And Evaluative Review Of Performance Validity Tests, Lena J. Hull, Jodi B.A. Mckibben
A Historical Analysis And Evaluative Review Of Performance Validity Tests, Lena J. Hull, Jodi B.A. Mckibben
Modern Psychological Studies
Invalid performance on tests, which detect neurological symptoms, is a prevalent issue that disrupts neuropsychological evaluations; therefore, validation of tests which detect invalid performance is critical. This review summarizes eleven performance validity tests (PVTs) and reports two aspects of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity, as these metrics are commonly reported and act as standardized metrics. PVTs are grouped into three categories: the Rey tests, simple forced-choice tests, and complex forced-choice tests. Rey tests were the first to be developed and, though they provided a good foundation for future tests, they yield low sensitivities and specificities. Simple forced-choice tests establish the forced-choice …
The Effects Of Self-Affirmation On Covid-19 Safe Behaviors, Matt Betashour
The Effects Of Self-Affirmation On Covid-19 Safe Behaviors, Matt Betashour
Modern Psychological Studies
This paper aims to seek if self-affirming activities can be used to increase compliance with group-protective public health policy such as the mandate to wear face masks for the COVID-19 pandemic. Completing a self-affirmation has been shown to increase compliance to health advice when it is beneficial for the self (Sherman & Cohen, 2020). To determine if self-affirming activities, as described by Self-Affirmation theory, increases compliance to health advice that is beneficial for others, the present experiment (N = 106) asked university students to complete a self-affirmation or a control task, read a relevant article, and rate how often they …
Effects Of Big Five Personality Traits On Self-Perceived Anxiety Before And During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Jasmine Choi
Effects Of Big Five Personality Traits On Self-Perceived Anxiety Before And During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Jasmine Choi
Modern Psychological Studies
Previous researchers have demonstrated correlations between openness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism with one’s perceived anxiety levels. People who tend to be highly neurotic indicate greater levels of anxiety, while those who are open and conscientious tend to portray the opposite. The Big Five Personality Traits were examined in the predictive effects they had on the self-perception of anxiety prior to and during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Students attending Union College were asked to report their anxiety levels from the academic year prior to COVID-19 and the year during COVID, as well as the Ten-Item Personality Inventory. Participants high in …
Impact Of Pandemic Induced Stress On Health Behaviors Related To Covid-19 Susceptibility, Mahnoor Malik, Nicole Ryerson
Impact Of Pandemic Induced Stress On Health Behaviors Related To Covid-19 Susceptibility, Mahnoor Malik, Nicole Ryerson
Modern Psychological Studies
The COVID-19 pandemic has encompassed not only a public health crisis due to the range of symptoms and rapid spread associated with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, but it has also resulted in daily life changes due to public health mandates implemented to reduce the spread of the disease. The current study (N = 148) tested two hypotheses: that individuals experiencing increased stress due to the pandemic would be more likely to engage in protective behaviors that would limit exposure to the virus (e.g., limiting in-person contact) and that individuals experiencing increased stress would also engage in behaviors that may increase their …
Reliable Change In College Coursework Self-Efficacy, Nancy R. Patel, Matthew H. Kim, Justin E. Karr
Reliable Change In College Coursework Self-Efficacy, Nancy R. Patel, Matthew H. Kim, Justin E. Karr
Modern Psychological Studies
This study aimed to examine the test-retest reliability of the College Self-Efficacy Inventory-Coursework subscale (CSEI-C) and calculate cutoffs for determining reliable change. A sample of 39 college students from a U.S. university (M=19.0±1.0 years old, 84.6% women, 64.1% White) completed the CSEI-C twice (test-retest interval: M=55.4±12.4 days). The CSEI-C had good test-retest reliability, per the intraclass correlation (ICC=.85). The cutoffs of detecting reliable change were ±.91, ±1.12, and ±1.44 for 70%, 80%, and 90% confidence intervals, respectively. College students often experience mental health problems, and those presenting for psychotherapy may experience concurrent reductions in academic self-efficacy. Clinicians could use the …
Exploring The Impact Of Religious Upbringings On Sexual And Gender Minority Youth, Jack K. Connors, Carolyn Mcnamara Barry
Exploring The Impact Of Religious Upbringings On Sexual And Gender Minority Youth, Jack K. Connors, Carolyn Mcnamara Barry
Modern Psychological Studies
Sexual and Gender Minority Youth (SGMY) growing up in religious households that are not affirming of their sexual identity experience unique stressors pertaining to the strained relationship between organized religion and the LGBTQ+ community. This review aims to define the impacts from those upbringings, examine protective factors, and provide a basis for solutions to a nationwide crisis. Limitations, suggestions for future research, and real-world implications are then discussed, especially pertaining to prevention and intervention programs to support those who identify as SGMY.
Effects Of Chronic Cannabis Use On Adolescents, Matthew R. Rappaport, Raymond Collings Dr.
Effects Of Chronic Cannabis Use On Adolescents, Matthew R. Rappaport, Raymond Collings Dr.
Modern Psychological Studies
This literature will examine the relationship of chronic cannabis use during adolescence to psychological and morphological abnormalities into adulthood. As states continue to decriminalize or legalize cannabis consumption for recreational purposes, concerns about the potential negative effects of cannabis consumption on neurological development during adolescence may be ignored. This review examined 44 journal articles and government reports published between 1997 and 2021. The conclusions drawn from the literature review indicate that over a 19-year time span, cannabis potency has increased from ~4% to ~12%. Secondly, the chronic exposure to exogenous cannabinoids during this time can result in a variety of …
Toward A Holistic Understanding Of Conduct Disorder Across The Lifespan, Bobby R. J. W. Mchardy, Pamela M. Seeds
Toward A Holistic Understanding Of Conduct Disorder Across The Lifespan, Bobby R. J. W. Mchardy, Pamela M. Seeds
Modern Psychological Studies
Conduct Disorder is a developmental disorder characterized by clinically significant and culturally unexpected aggressive and antisocial behaviors. While much work has focused on the numerous predisposing genetic, neurobiological, psychological, and environmental risk factors for Conduct Disorder, its causal mechanisms, several developmental trajectories, and interacting risks have still yet to be properly elucidated within the context of these factors. With the aim of integrating the literature’s current understanding of Conduct Disorder, we searched APA PsycNet and Google Scholar using a scoping review to select peer-reviewed articles relating to age of onset, presentation, trajectory, persistence, and outcomes of Conduct Disorder. Of the …
The Effects Of Outdoor Therapy On Depression And Anxiety: A Quantitative Review, Lindsey N. Wheeler, Steven R. Wininger
The Effects Of Outdoor Therapy On Depression And Anxiety: A Quantitative Review, Lindsey N. Wheeler, Steven R. Wininger
Modern Psychological Studies
The goal of this research was to assess the effectiveness of outdoor therapy on depression and anxiety across different moderators via a quantitative review. While there are studies that look at the effectiveness of outdoor therapy on psychological outcomes, there is a lack of synthesis of the research investigating moderators. A literature review was conducted and six studies were included in the analysis. Cohen’s d was calculated for each study. We examined the following moderators: intervention type, intervention duration, age, and outcome measurement. The effects of outdoor therapy were greater for anxiety (d=0.65, n=1215) than depression (d=0.43, n=115). Within the …
Examining The Role Of High School Spiritual Practice And Ways Of Coping In Levels Of Anxiety Among College-Aged Women, Madison Harris, Oyenike Balogun-Mwangi
Examining The Role Of High School Spiritual Practice And Ways Of Coping In Levels Of Anxiety Among College-Aged Women, Madison Harris, Oyenike Balogun-Mwangi
Modern Psychological Studies
Utilizing an online survey, this study aimed to examine the extent to which the encouragement of spiritual practice in high school, current endorsement of daily spiritual experience, and ways of coping, predict anxiety levels among college-aged women (N = 140). Participants were recruited through the use of snowball sampling via email and flyers posted around campus. Data was collected via a demographic questionnaire and self-report measures assessing ways of coping, religiosity, and levels of anxiety among the sample. Results of a multiple regression analysis showed that focusing on and venting of emotions, behavioral disengagement, mental disengagement, and the encouragement of …
The Impacts Of Siblings On Development Across The Lifespan, Jeanie K. Cox
The Impacts Of Siblings On Development Across The Lifespan, Jeanie K. Cox
Modern Psychological Studies
Most individuals grow up with siblings, and sibling relationships are some of the longest lasting relationships experienced. Studies that have investigated sibling effects on developmental domains and stages throughout an individual’s life indicate that older siblings have some of the greatest impacts on younger siblings’ social, psychological, and cognitive development. During childhood, sibling relationships revolve around older and younger siblings’ prosocial behaviors. During adolescence, sibling power dynamics shift as older siblings relinquish power to younger siblings. In adulthood, siblings tend to experience increased closeness and decreased conflict as they mature and move away from one another. Information on siblings’ impacts …
An Examination Of The Associations Between Internet Activities, Body Positivity Content, And Eating Disorder Symptomatology, Mary G. Tisko, Juan F. Casas
An Examination Of The Associations Between Internet Activities, Body Positivity Content, And Eating Disorder Symptomatology, Mary G. Tisko, Juan F. Casas
Modern Psychological Studies
Previous researchers have established comorbidities between behavioral addictions. Although online media use has been linked to disordered eating, the relationship between Internet addiction and binge eating disorder (BED) has not been examined. Our first aim was to examine the relationship between two types of Internet addiction and BED. It was hypothesized that those high in Internet addiction would report greater BED symptoms than those low in Internet addiction. Our second aim was to examine how online media use and body positivity content relate to various eating disorder symptomatology (EDS). We hypothesized that EDS would be positively correlated to online media …
Alpha Band Prefrontal Asymmetry Does Not Underlie Pain Approach-Avoidance: Results From Two Eeg Studies, Tracy W. Brown, Kayli N. Colpitts, Cristian M. Botello, Abby K. Hartman, Kathryn P. Seymour, Callie De La Cerda, Amber L. Harris Bozer
Alpha Band Prefrontal Asymmetry Does Not Underlie Pain Approach-Avoidance: Results From Two Eeg Studies, Tracy W. Brown, Kayli N. Colpitts, Cristian M. Botello, Abby K. Hartman, Kathryn P. Seymour, Callie De La Cerda, Amber L. Harris Bozer
Modern Psychological Studies
Pain research is often focused on escape from pain or approach of relief, yet individuals with chronic pain make complex choices to face their pain to satiate other drives (approach-avoidance conflicts). An abundance of research has indicated that prefrontal alpha band asymmetry (PFA) underlies approach-avoidance in general, but there is limited information about whether PFA underlies pain approach-avoidance conflicts. Electroencephalogram activity was recorded while 70 participants with chronic pain (n=33) and without chronic pain (n=37) approached/avoided stimuli containing simultaneous pain (low-high) and monetary reward (low-high). Findings from both studies revealed that approach-avoidance for pain stimuli is not accompanied by prefrontal …
The Social And Emotional Impacts Of Children And Adolescents In Foster Care, Raiannamei Gappi Elad, Kenneth Tremper, Carolyn Mcnamara Barry
The Social And Emotional Impacts Of Children And Adolescents In Foster Care, Raiannamei Gappi Elad, Kenneth Tremper, Carolyn Mcnamara Barry
Modern Psychological Studies
Foster care is a substitute form of care in which children are placed away from their biological families and/or guardians. The scope of this literature review examines 39 scholarly articles (i.e., journals, reviews, meta-analyses, and reports) ranging from the years 1997-2021 of children and adolescents between the age range of six months old to young adulthood. We explore different factors that contribute to adverse child and adolescent outcomes in foster care, such as physical home environment, placement instability, the role of foster parents, and support systems; all which play a key role in the overall foster care experience of youth. …
Media Consumption And Stigma Towards Schizophrenia, Brenna Robinson, Catherine Diaz-Asper Ph.D
Media Consumption And Stigma Towards Schizophrenia, Brenna Robinson, Catherine Diaz-Asper Ph.D
Modern Psychological Studies
The current study examined how negative attitudes about schizophrenia can be influenced by exposure to media as well as other types of contact with the condition. Participants (N = 141) completed an online survey assessing their knowledge of schizophrenia, the type and level of contact they had with someone with the diagnosis, the type and level of mass media they consumed, and their perceptions of schizophrenia, including dangerousness and aggression. Results showed that type of contact was correlated with attitudes about dangerousness. Contact, which includes media consumption, was related to less stigmatizing attitudes towards schizophrenia, although the correlation between media …
Perceived Marginalization, Social Support, And Mental Health: The Role Of Parasocial Relationships, Madison Christy, Aimee Adam
Perceived Marginalization, Social Support, And Mental Health: The Role Of Parasocial Relationships, Madison Christy, Aimee Adam
Modern Psychological Studies
The purpose of the current study was to extend previous research (Woznicki et al., 2020) to see if parasocial relationships (PSRs) with figures from various social media platforms might be beneficial for those lower in real-life social support. We predicted that there would be a negative relationship between social support and perceptions of marginalization, loneliness, and depression, but that for people who perceived themselves as marginalized, the relationship between social support and loneliness would change depending on the strength of their PSR. In this correlational study, 135 participants took an online Qualtrics survey which assessed social media use, PSR strength, …
The Relationship Between Religiosity And Mental Health During The Covid-19 Quarantine, Luisauny Gomez, Jeremiah Sullins
The Relationship Between Religiosity And Mental Health During The Covid-19 Quarantine, Luisauny Gomez, Jeremiah Sullins
Modern Psychological Studies
Social isolation has become a public policy under the current circumstances. This isolation can lead to a life imbalance that is believed to affect physical, psychological, and spiritual well-being. Previous research shows that both, a defined sense of religiosity or affirmative secularity, can yield progressive emotional outcomes due to multiple factors such as community support, sense of structure, life guidance, mindfulness and a sense of unity with the world. However, a gap exists in the extant literature regarding the relationship between mental health and religiosity during global pandemics. To address this gap, this study sought to answer the following question: …
Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (Asmr) Use In College Students, Pratibha Gautam, Gina Mariano, Frank Hammonds
Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (Asmr) Use In College Students, Pratibha Gautam, Gina Mariano, Frank Hammonds
Modern Psychological Studies
Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) is the experience of tingling sensations in the crown and back of the head as a response to a range of audio-visual triggers such as whispering, tapping, and hand movements (Hostler, 2020). The number of people who produce and utilize ASMR inducing media has increased in the last few years, but little research has been done investigating its use among college students. This experimental study sought to investigate if viewing ASMR videos could reduce heart rate and perceived stress in college students. Twenty participants were shown either an ASMR video or a control video. Before …
Mobile Phone Mindfulness: Effects Of App-Based Meditation Intervention On Stress And Hrv Of Undergraduate Students, Samuel M. Degenhard
Mobile Phone Mindfulness: Effects Of App-Based Meditation Intervention On Stress And Hrv Of Undergraduate Students, Samuel M. Degenhard
Modern Psychological Studies
Since the COVID-19 pandemic, stress has increased exponentially in undergraduate populations. The current study sought to determine the efficacy of an eight-week relaxation intervention, using a free meditation app to reduce perceived stress and increase baseline heart rate variability (HRV) of undergraduate students, compared to using a traditional relaxation intervention across the same period. Participants (N = 14) were randomized into either a meditation app group or self-directed diaphragmatic breathing group and were instructed to engage in their respective relaxation technique ten minutes daily for eight weeks. Pre- and post-intervention differences in perceived stress and HRV were examined, along with …
Effects Of A Brief Exposure To Nature Or Social Media On Psychological Well-Being, Megan C. Hall, Samantha L. Mcmichael, Virginia Sy Kwan
Effects Of A Brief Exposure To Nature Or Social Media On Psychological Well-Being, Megan C. Hall, Samantha L. Mcmichael, Virginia Sy Kwan
Modern Psychological Studies
Social media has enhanced our ability to connect with each other globally; however, social media is not necessarily beneficial. Given the potential negative impact of social media use on psychological well-being, it is important to identify resources that may buffer this impact. One resource may be exposure to nature. Participants exposed to nature scenes experienced less negative affect compared to those exposed to social media. Those who spent more time outside tended to experience decreased negative affect when they viewed both social media and nature photos, but when viewing only social media, they experienced increased negative affect. Relations between humans, …
Substance Use Disorder Prevention Among Sexual And Gender Minority Youth, Jack K. Connors, Carolyn Mcnamara Barry
Substance Use Disorder Prevention Among Sexual And Gender Minority Youth, Jack K. Connors, Carolyn Mcnamara Barry
Modern Psychological Studies
Substance Use Disorder (SUD) has a more prevalent effect on Sexual and Gender Minority Youth (SGMY), leading to a need for dedicated and specialized programs to reduce disparity. The review included 18 scholarly articles, ranging from the years 1992 to 2022. In the present review, we explored factors related to SGMY substance use, including those that protect and insulate this vulnerable population against a negative coping skill with a wide array of neurological, emotional, and societal adjustment problems. We concluded that SGMY experience SUD more than their straight, cisgender peers. Also, targeted interventions are necessary to curb maladaptive coping strategies …
The Functional Role Of Context In Action Perception And Understanding Social Situations, Anjali -
The Functional Role Of Context In Action Perception And Understanding Social Situations, Anjali -
Modern Psychological Studies
This study investigated the influence of understanding the perception of action congruency in animated video actors. The study employed a 2 x 2 pre-post design with the type of training (relevant, irrelevant) as a between-subjects design. The present study aimed to address whether the presence (versus absence) of contextual information affected an individual’s ability to make sense of social interactions, and if relevant contextual cues aided an individual’s perspective of social situations. Participants consisted of 80 undergraduate students at the University of British Columbia. Action congruency is the level of social coordination between two figures. Perceptions of action congruency was …