Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

The Humanitarian And Developmental Impact Of Anti-Vehicle Mines, Gichd

Global CWD Repository

Anti-vehicle mines (AVMs) have always had a humanitarian impact, but their significance has often been overshadowed by the higher-profile topic of anti-personnel mines (APMs), and thus the need to address AVMs has been neglected. In some countries, AVMs now present a greater threat to civilian populations than APMs, yet they are often viewed as a marginal issue in international fora. This publication seeks to depict the physical, social, economic and developmental impact of AVMs. AVMs are landmines designed to be triggered by vehicles rather than individual people. They can remain active for decades, and a number of them are difficult …

Doing No Harm? Mine Action And Land Issues In Cambodia, Gichd

Global CWD Repository

Land conflict, tenure insecurity and an inequitable distribution of land are among the most pressing challenges facing Cambodia today. In a country in which most people depend on agriculture, livestock rearing, fishing and forest products for their livelihoods, secure access to safe and productive land is crucial. Yet, over the past decade land conflict has increased dramatically, with one NGO reporting having recorded disputes involving 700,000 people between 2000 and 2012. Land distribution is highly unequal: In 2010 it was estimated that just one percent of the population owned 30 percent of Cambodia’s land.

In addition to land-related disputes, landlessness …

Transitioning Mine Action Programmes To National Ownership, Pascal Simon

Global CWD Repository

Cambodia's mine and ERW problem is a result of the long period of civil and regional conflicts that affected the country from the late 60s until 1998. Due to these conflicts, Cambodia is now one of the most heavily contaminated countries in the world, with more than 63,000 mine/ERW victims recorded since 1979. The first efforts to address Cambodia’s massive mine/ERW contamination came from the UN Advance Mission for Cambodia (UNAMIC), which contracted the HALO Trust in 1991-1992 to survey 700 km² of land in Battambang province ahead of the probable repatriation of 360,000 Cambodian refugees based in Thailand. In …

National Mine Action Strategy - Cambodia, The Royal Government Of Cambodia

Global CWD Repository

Cambodia’s landmine problem is the result of a protracted sequence of internal and regional conflicts that affected the country from the mid 1960s until the end of 1998. The nature of landmine and ERW contamination in Cambodia is highly complex. The northwestern regions bordering Thailand are heavily affected, while other parts of the country (mainly the East) are considered moderate to low impact, affected mainly by ERW. Mines and ERW have caused an unacceptable number of casualties, both military and civilian and have hindered national development. Mine clearance started along the Cambodia-Vietnam border by the company of women soldiers of …

Evaluation Of Mine Risk Education In The Kingdom Of Cambodia, Cambodian Mine Action And Victim Assistance Authority

Global CWD Repository

Mine Risk Education (MRE) has been implemented in Cambodia since 1993 with the aim of encouraging people to adopt mine/UXO risk avoidance behaviours to prevent mine/UXO injures. Mine Risk Education is coordinated by the MRE Unit of the Cambodian Mine Action and Victim Assistance Authority (CMAA) and implemented through both government and non-government service providers. Key service providers are the Cambodian Mine Action Centre (CMAC), Cambodian Red Cross (CRC), CARE, The HALO Trust, Handicap International Belguim (HIB), Mines Advisory Group (MAG), Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MoEYS), National Police, Spirit of Soccer (SOS) and World Vision Cambodia. Initial activities …

Toward A New Mine Action Strategy For Cambodia, Ted Paterson, Mao Vanna, Chan Rotha

Global CWD Repository

This report presents the findings, conclusions, and recommendations from a study on the need for a new national mine action strategy for Cambodia. The study entailed a document review; the preparation and distribution of a stakeholder questionnaire and the analysis of responses; and interviews with representatives from a number of mine action and disability assistance organisations, government ministries, etc.

Aimad Land Titling Pilot Project: Research On Post Clearance Land Titling, Srin Davy, Mao Vanna

Global CWD Repository

During the Democratic Kampuchea regime (1975-79), all cadastral records were destroyed. This disrupted continuity of land titling and caused many uncertainties. Currently there are a range of laws relating to land ownership that must be considered in the context of allocating demined land to beneficiaries. It is important that beneficiaries are able to secure legal title to the land they are allocated, to ensure their future security and long term benefits of the demining process overall. Therefore, the objective of this research is to pave the way for Austcare to develop a procedure or procedures to integrate the relevant legal …

Integrated Mine Action: Lessons And Recommendations From Austcare's Program In Cambodia, Sally Campbell Thorpe

Global CWD Repository

This report identifies lessons learned and best practices from Austcare’s Integrated Mine Action (IMA) Program in Cambodia. It provides key recommendations for Austcare to consider implementing, while also highlighting broader perspectives that may be of interest to other agencies involved in IMA or seeking to develop a similar approach. To date, few organisations have documented their field-based experiences in IMA. This report explores Austcare’s experience in Cambodia to explain and advocate the benefits of IMA, as well to identify some of the challenges involved. It is hoped that the results will encourage a broader discussion and exchange on the subject. …

Evaluation Of The Task Assessment And Planning (Tap) Project In Five Provinces Of Cambodia, Canadian International Development Agency

Global CWD Repository

The evaluation explains the context of the TAP project in Cambodia, the task assessment and planning projects, methods and measures, as well as results. The study also provides as summary assessment, discusses lessons learned and lists recommendations. The Task Assessment and Planning (TAP) Project has come at a critical juncture for mine action in Cambodia. It is a time when a few donors, Canada among them, argue strongly that mine action is best served by building capacity among provincial government groups for setting mine action priorities. Few donors would take exception to this in principle, but in practice the more …

Mine Risk Education Strategic Plan, Cambodian Mine Action And Victim Assistance Authority

Global CWD Repository

The Royal Decree No. NS/RKT/0900/160, promulgated on 04 September 2000, on the establishment of the Cambodian Mine Action and Victim Assistance Authority, known as the CMAA, and the Sub-Decree on its organization and functioning have established a suitable framework for developing a national strategic plan for all mine action activities, including mine risk education plans. This document was prepared taking into consideration the current mine/UXO accident rate in the Kingdom of Cambodia. It also takes account of the Prime Minister’s address to the nation on the occasion of Mine Awareness Day 2006, during which he re-iterated the ultimate goal of …

National Explosive Remnants Of War Response Study, Cambodia, Dave Mccracken, Bruce Powell, Leng Sochea

Global CWD Repository

The purpose of this study was to initiate a strategic dialogue through an assessment of the explosive remnants of war (ERW) issues facing the future of the mine action sector in Cambodia. The report takes stock of the mine action situation, analyses the broad issues of ERW contamination and determines the needs for an effective long-term National ERW Response thrugh the process of "End State Programming". It is the first step towards comprehending existing explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) operational data and a wealth of un-analysed data on aerial bombardment that have not been fully exploited to define the scope of …

Evaluation Report Of Technical Survey Operations Within The Cambodian Mine Action Centre, Hemi Morete, Tim Lardner

Global CWD Repository

The evaluation considered technical survey activities at both the technical and strategic levels in order to assess the Cambodian Mine Action Centre (CMAC) technical survey capacity established in 2003. The assessment was conducted in four phases. The first phase was a document study which enabled the evaluation team to gain an understanding of the procedures and processes used within CMAC for technical survey. The second phase involved interviews with key stakeholders in Phnom Penh, and phase three consisted of a series of field visits to CMAC technical survey assets operating in Demining Units 1, 2, and 3. The fourth and …

External Evaluation Of Unicef Support To Rehabilitation/Reintegration Of Mine/Uxo Victims And Disabled People, Unicef

Global CWD Repository

Support for the rehabilitation and reintegration of mine victims and disabled people provided through the Child Protection Programme is well targeted and guided by an appropriately informed and considered strategy. The choice of projects covers several of the Programme's key focal areas including health and education, policy and mainstreaming of disability into humanitarian responses. Current partners provide the program good geographic coverage, effective use of existing resources and constructive engagement of government and community stakeholders. There is ample evidence that support from UNICEF's Child Protection Programme has played a significant role in reducing discrimination and promoting the full development and …

In-Country Trials Cambodia: Minehound, Arnold Schoolderman

Global CWD Repository

In the framework of the in-country trials of the hand-held dual-sensor system Minehound in Cambodia, tests additional to the main trials are executed. In this document two of these additional tests are reported. Both are blind tests. In the first test the ability of the local deminers to discriminate mine-like targets from indigenous clutter with the help of the Minehound is examined. In the second test the ability of these deminers to discriminate adjacently buried low-metal targets and targets that contain a lot of metal, is investigated. These tests were executed mid August 2005 at the test site that was …

External Evaluation Of The Cambodia Mine/Uxo Victim Information System (Cmvis) Database, Steven Mellor

Global CWD Repository

The Cambodia Mine/UXO Victim Information System (CMVIS) is an organisation of the Cambodian Red Cross (CRC) and Handicap International (HI) established to provide the continuous and systematic collection, analysis, interpretation and dissemination of information about mine and UXO casualties in Cambodia.

This evaluation of the CMVIS was conducted by an external consultant, Steven Mellor, during September 2002 under the supervision and at the request of Handicap International Belgium. The evaluation is to assist in strengthening the database functions of CMVIS; identify areas that could be improved within the system of data entry through to the output of monthly and specialised …