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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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- Sociology (12)
- Networks (2)
- Sociology, Theory Construction (2)
- 2000 (1)
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- Chinatown (1)
- Citizens' Alliance (1)
- Community structures (1)
- Cooperation (1)
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- Dual-projection (1)
- Election (1)
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- FOREIGN workers, Employment, Immigrants, Social Stratification, Costs and Standard of Living, Sociology (1)
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- Graduate Training (1)
- Group Cohesion (1)
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Articles 1 - 19 of 19
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
The Robustness Of Reciprocity: Experimental Evidence That Each Form Of Reciprocity Is Robust To The Presence Of Other Forms Of Reciprocity, David Melamed, Brent Simpson, Jered Abernathy
The Robustness Of Reciprocity: Experimental Evidence That Each Form Of Reciprocity Is Robust To The Presence Of Other Forms Of Reciprocity, David Melamed, Brent Simpson, Jered Abernathy
Faculty Publications
Prosocial behavior is paradoxical because it often entails a cost to one’s own welfare to benefit others. Theoretical models suggest that prosociality is driven by several forms of reciprocity. Although we know a great deal about how each of these forms operates in isolation, they are rarely isolated in the real world. Rather, the topological features of human social networks are such that people are often confronted with multiple types of reciprocity simultaneously. Does our current understanding of human prosociality break down if we account for the fact that the various forms of reciprocity tend to co-occur in nature? Results …
The Enforcement Of Moral Boundaries Promotes Cooperation And Prosocial Behavior In Groups, Brent Simpson, Rob Willer, Ashley Harrell
The Enforcement Of Moral Boundaries Promotes Cooperation And Prosocial Behavior In Groups, Brent Simpson, Rob Willer, Ashley Harrell
Faculty Publications
The threat of free-riding makes the marshalling of cooperation from group members a fundamental challenge of social life. Where classical social science theory saw the enforcement of moral boundaries as a critical way by which group members regulate one another’s self-interest and build cooperation, moral judgments have most often been studied as processes internal to individuals. Here we investigate how the interpersonal expression of positive and negative moral judgments encourages cooperation in groups and prosocial behavior between group members. In a laboratory experiment, groups whose members could make moral judgments achieved greater cooperation than groups with no capacity to sanction, …
Community Structures In Bipartite Networks: A Dual-Projection Approach, David Melamed
Community Structures In Bipartite Networks: A Dual-Projection Approach, David Melamed
Faculty Publications
Identifying communities or clusters in networked systems has received much attention across the physical and social sciences. Most of this work focuses on single layer or one-mode networks, including social networks between people or hyperlinks between websites. Multilayer or multi-mode networks, such as affiliation networks linking people to organizations, receive much less attention in this literature. Common strategies for discovering the community structure of multi-mode networks identify the communities of each mode simultaneously. Here I show that this combined approach is ineffective at discovering community structures when there are an unequal number of communities between the modes of a multi-mode …
Graduate Training In Sociological Theory And Theory Construction, Barry N. Markovsky
Graduate Training In Sociological Theory And Theory Construction, Barry N. Markovsky
Faculty Publications
Nearly all of sociology's top graduate training programs require their students to complete one or two courses on sociological theory. The instructors for these courses have an extraordinary opportunity to affect the perspectives and practices of future generations of scholars. This study assesses the backgrounds, attitudes, beliefs, and practices of those instructors regarding different approaches to theorizing, with particular attention paid to topics related to science and to theory construction. Sociologists who teach required theory courses in the discipline's top fifty graduate training programs were asked a series of questions pertaining to their own training and to the courses they …
Group Membership And Social Influence, Christopher Barnum, Barry N. Markovsky
Group Membership And Social Influence, Christopher Barnum, Barry N. Markovsky
Faculty Publications
Can people influence others solely by virtue of shared group membership? To address this and related questions, we offer a theory of group-mediated social influence and then test it in a standardized collective task setting. The theory capitalizes on uncertainty reduction principles found in two longstanding social psychological traditions: social identity theory and status characteristics theory. Our primary hypothesis was that in-group members would be more influential than out-group members. Results from the experiment indicate that in-group members were indeed more influential than out-group members. These findings supported a key derivation of our theory, and demonstrated that the integration accounts …
This Land Is Our Land: Immigrants And Power In Miami, Jimy M. Sanders
This Land Is Our Land: Immigrants And Power In Miami, Jimy M. Sanders
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
The Role Of Ngos In Political Elections In South Korea: The Case Of The Citizens' Alliance For The 2000 General Election, Eui Hang Shin
The Role Of Ngos In Political Elections In South Korea: The Case Of The Citizens' Alliance For The 2000 General Election, Eui Hang Shin
Faculty Publications
The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the role of civic organizations in political processes in South Korea. More specifically, this article examines the impact of the blacklisting of candidates by the Citizens’ Alliance for the 2000 General Election (CAGE) on the outcomes of the National Assembly election of April 13, 2000. I discuss the relationship between the characteristics of political systems and political culture and the emergence of civic organizations. I analyze the effects of CAGE’s blacklisting of politicians on the nomination processes of candidates by major political parties. I also discuss the long-term effects of CAGE …
Social Influence On Paranormal Beliefs, Barry N. Markovsky, Shane R. Thye
Social Influence On Paranormal Beliefs, Barry N. Markovsky, Shane R. Thye
Faculty Publications
In spite of strong public expressions of skepticism from the scientific community, polls show that more than nine out of ten American adults profess belief in paranormal phenomena. Some scientists view this as a social problem, directing much blame (but little research) at a variety of sources including lack of critical thinking skills, fads, need for transcendent experiences, failure of the educational system, and cultural cycles. Social impact theory provides an alternative focus: it views paranormal beliefs as a natural consequence of social influence processes in interpersonal settings. In this study, subjects in a laboratory experiment were informed that some …
Emotion And Group Cohesion In Productive Exchange, Edward J. Lawler, Shane R. Thye, Jeongkoo Yoon
Emotion And Group Cohesion In Productive Exchange, Edward J. Lawler, Shane R. Thye, Jeongkoo Yoon
Faculty Publications
This study refines and experimentally tests a theory of relational cohesion that explains how and when actors become committed to one another in the context of multiactor exchange. The theory asserts that frequent social exchange results in (1) positive emotions that solidify and strengthen the person-to-group bond and (2) uncertainty reduction that renders the focal group more salient in relation to others. These two mechanisms produce a sense of psychological group formation and ultimately increase observable acts of commitment. In a “productive exchange” setting, three actors negotiate a joint venture that requires the assent of all members. The exchanges featured …
Extended Stratification: Immigrant And Native Differences In Individual And Family Labor., Pidi Zhang, Jimy M. Sanders
Extended Stratification: Immigrant And Native Differences In Individual And Family Labor., Pidi Zhang, Jimy M. Sanders
Faculty Publications
The article outlines a theoretical system of extended stratification in order to account for differences between immigrants and natives in the amount of time individuals devote to paid work and the number of family members participating in paid work. The extended stratification theory contends that because people have different socio-economic frames of reference, they vary in their willingness to work long hours in an effort to achieve modest improvements in their current socioeconomic circumstances. Thus, immigrants from relatively poor societies tend to see their richer host society as abundant in opportunities for getting ahead through hard work. Immigrants will often …
Status Processes And Mental Ability Test Scores, Michael J. Lovaglia, Jeffrey W. Lucas, Jeffrey A. Houser, Shane R. Thye, Barry N. Markovsky
Status Processes And Mental Ability Test Scores, Michael J. Lovaglia, Jeffrey W. Lucas, Jeffrey A. Houser, Shane R. Thye, Barry N. Markovsky
Faculty Publications
The expected consequences of a score on an ability test can constrain individual performance. The authors predict that status processes, including status differences and the differences in rewards and costs that result, will produce differences in ability test scores between high-status and low-status individuals. In three controlled experi- ments, participants randomly assigned low status scored lower on a standard test of mental ability (the Raven Progressive Matrices) than did participants assigned high status. For both men and women, the difference in ability test score between low-status and high-status participants was about half a standard deviation. The results suggest the need …
Power In Exchange Networks: Critique Of A New Theory, Barry N. Markovsky, David Willer, Brent Simpson, Michael J. Lovaglia
Power In Exchange Networks: Critique Of A New Theory, Barry N. Markovsky, David Willer, Brent Simpson, Michael J. Lovaglia
Faculty Publications
Markovsky et al criticize Yamaguchi's (1996) theory of power in social exchange networks, revealing internal theoretical contradictions. Yamaguchi responds to the criticisms.
Evolution And Nebulousness In Theories, Barry N. Markovsky
Evolution And Nebulousness In Theories, Barry N. Markovsky
Faculty Publications
Social scientists have a clear choice in how they may approach theory development. One path leads to "nebulous" theories that lack any real explanatory power. The other path capitalizes on evolutionary principles of variation and selection, vastly increasing the chances for explanatory success. I illustrate these ideas by reference to "artificial life" programs, and discuss the implications for theory construction in the social sciences.
Theory, Science, And 'Micro-Macro' Bridges In Structural Social Psychology, Barry N. Markovsky
Theory, Science, And 'Micro-Macro' Bridges In Structural Social Psychology, Barry N. Markovsky
Faculty Publications
Social psychology stands to benefit from multilevel theories that link it to both lower and higher levels of analysis. Making the link, however, requires a level of theoretical rigor heretofore relatively uncommon in the social sciences. After refuting several common objections to this brand of theorizing, I offer a rationale and a set of criteria for multilevel theory construction.
Assessing Fundamental Power Differences In Exchange Networks: Iterative Gpi, Michael J. Lovaglia, John Skvoretz, Barry N. Markovsky, David Willer
Assessing Fundamental Power Differences In Exchange Networks: Iterative Gpi, Michael J. Lovaglia, John Skvoretz, Barry N. Markovsky, David Willer
Faculty Publications
Networks have been discovered for which Network Exchange Theory (NET Markovsky, Willer and Patton 1988; Lovaglia, Skvoretz, Willer and Markovsky 1995) fails to provide tenable predictions. Here we elaborate NET to create a more general method. We show not only when and where exchange networks break into simpler substructures, but propose rules to decisively classify networks and substructures as strong, weak, or equal power. In doing so, we advance general heuristics for power development in exchange networks and demonstrate the promise of an approach using reciprocal comparison of general heuristics, formal theory, and computer simulation.
Developing An Exchange Network Simulator, Barry N. Markovsky
Developing An Exchange Network Simulator, Barry N. Markovsky
Faculty Publications
"X-Net" is a computer simulation that I developed in conjunction with Network Exchange Theory. Users of X-Net can explore the effects of different network structures, rules of exchange, and negotiators' strategies on the dynamics and outcomes of resource exchanges in social networks. This article recounts the process of X-Net's development, in addition to key substantive, theoretical, and design issues that motivated its form and content. It concludes with a discussion of the relationship between theory, simulation, and empirical tests.
Chinatown - The Socioeconomic Potential Of An Urban Enclave - Zhou,M, Jimy M. Sanders
Chinatown - The Socioeconomic Potential Of An Urban Enclave - Zhou,M, Jimy M. Sanders
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Sponsoring The Next Generation: Parental Willingness To Pay For Higher Education, Lala C. Steelman, Brian Powell
Sponsoring The Next Generation: Parental Willingness To Pay For Higher Education, Lala C. Steelman, Brian Powell
Faculty Publications
Although sociologists and economists have been widely concerned with parental investment in children, that investment has rarely been examined directly. The Parent Survey of the High School and Beyond data set provides material for examining the traits of parents and children that shape parental payment for higher education. Parents' reported willingness and ability to pay, along with savings for children's future education, are shaped first by total income and the number of children who must share that income. Moreover, parental investment in higher education is increased when the parents themselves received parental financial support, which suggests continuity over generations. Gender …
Distributive Justice: A Social-Psychological Perspective By Morton Deutsch, Barry N. Markovsky
Distributive Justice: A Social-Psychological Perspective By Morton Deutsch, Barry N. Markovsky
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.