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Articles 1 - 20 of 20
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
India’S Surgical Strikes: Response To Strategic Imperatives, Karthika Sasikumar
India’S Surgical Strikes: Response To Strategic Imperatives, Karthika Sasikumar
Faculty Publications
In September 2016, militants who were allegedly backed by Pakistan attacked an Indian Army camp in Uri. The government in New Delhi was facing important regional elections. It faced intense public pressure to muster a military response. Such a response, however, ran the risk of triggering a nuclear exchange. Ten days after the Uri attack, India reported that it had carried out ‘surgical strikes’ on terrorist training camps in Pakistan-controlled territory. The paper examines this specific episode in India–Pakistan deterrence dynamics, focusing on the nomenclature ‘surgical strikes’. The paper argues that the choice of the term itself is new and …
English In India's Grand Stategy, Karthika Sasikumar
English In India's Grand Stategy, Karthika Sasikumar
Faculty Publications
The term ‘grand strategy’ may appear be an extravagant and abstract expression, yet it is simply a shorthand manner of describing a country’s efforts in diverse areas towards its key goals. According to Yale historian Paul Kennedy, the crux of grand strategy lies in the “capacity of the nation’s leaders to bring together all of the elements, both military and nonmilitary, for the preservation and enhancement of the nation’s long-term (that is, in wartime and peacetime) best interests” (Kennedy 1991:5). Thus, grand strategy deploys all of a country’s assets. For India, one such asset is the English language. Although English …
Branding India: Constructing A Reputation For Responsibility In The Nuclear Order, Karthika Sasikumar
Branding India: Constructing A Reputation For Responsibility In The Nuclear Order, Karthika Sasikumar
Faculty Publications
Nation-branding professionals have the same goal as diplomats and politicians – the goal of endowing the nation with specific qualities in the minds of the target audience, so that it is identified with those qualities. In other words, they are constructing an identity for the country. Insights from the commercial practice of nation branding can illuminate the process of identity construction by states. As an illustration, the paper investigates the case of India’s branding/self-presentation as a responsible holder of nuclear weapons. In 1998, India declared itself a Nuclear Weapon State (NWS). Since India has not been granted NWS status under …
After Nuclear Midnight: The Impact Of A Nuclear War On India And Pakistan, Karthika Sasikumar
After Nuclear Midnight: The Impact Of A Nuclear War On India And Pakistan, Karthika Sasikumar
Faculty Publications
During the past decade, computer models have predicted that the physical impacts of a nuclear exchange between India and Pakistan, or even a single strike on a large city, would be devastating. The social, economic, and political impacts – although less well known – would also be crippling and would reverberate throughout the world. Efforts to use “Armageddon estimates” to scare the people of India and Pakistan have thus far not significantly reduced the risk of nuclear weapons use in this turbulent region. However, the increasing penetration of television and social media may give members of the public a better …
Civil Liberties And Rights, Equality And The Quality Of Democracy In Greece, Constantine Danopoulos
Civil Liberties And Rights, Equality And The Quality Of Democracy In Greece, Constantine Danopoulos
Faculty Publications
Good quality democracy is considered one that provides its citizens with a high degree of personal freedom, political equality, and popular control over policies and public officials through the legitimate and lawful functioning of stable institutions. It is assessed through an interrelated and interconnected three dimensional scheme: procedure, content, and result. Procedure refers to the quality of governance and is assessed through the rule of law, participation, competition, and government accountability. Result involves citizen satisfaction with the quality of governance. Content is concerned with two key components: individual liberties and political and social equality. This paper will assess the quality …
The India-Us Nuclear Cooperation Agreement: Explaining The Contentious Indian Debate, Karthika Sasikumar, Gilles Verniers
The India-Us Nuclear Cooperation Agreement: Explaining The Contentious Indian Debate, Karthika Sasikumar, Gilles Verniers
Faculty Publications
The U.S.-India civil nuclear energy agreement triggered a contentious debate in India from 2005 to 2008. Regional political actors played crucial and unanticipated roles in the debate. We present explanations for the positions adopted by the main actors and the level of contention. We find that parties’ positions were driven not by ideology but by the compulsions of coalition politics.
Enclave Under Siege: International Norms And Challenges To The Indian Nuclear Complex, Karthika Sasikumar
Enclave Under Siege: International Norms And Challenges To The Indian Nuclear Complex, Karthika Sasikumar
Faculty Publications
This article analyzes the effects of international connections on India’s nuclear program; specifically, the use of international norms and resources by domestic actors to influence the Indian nuclear enclave. These actors are from the Indian executive (pressure from above) as well as civil society (pressure from below). India’s self-presentation as a responsible state necessitates compliance with international norms, and concomitant restraints on the nuclear estate from ‘above.’ Environmentalists, local residents, and their transnational allies seek to make the nuclear complex more accountable, responsive, and transparent by using social media, civil society institutions, and cross-border links. The Indian case suggests that …
“Pilot Implementation Of An Interdisciplinary Course On Climate Solutions”, Lawrence Quill, Jinny Rhee, Eugene Cordero
“Pilot Implementation Of An Interdisciplinary Course On Climate Solutions”, Lawrence Quill, Jinny Rhee, Eugene Cordero
Faculty Publications
A pilot implementation of an experimental interdisciplinary course on climate solutions was undertaken at San Jose´ State University in the fall semester of 2008. The course, co-taught by seven faculty members from six colleges, was approved for a general education requirement and was open to upperclass students campus-wide. A course with such a breadth of topics and range of student backgrounds was the first of its kind here. The lessons learned from the pilot effort were assessed from student, faculty, and administrative perspectives. The educational benefits to students from the interdisciplinary format were found to be substantial, in addition to …
Canada (En)Counters Terrorism: Us-Canada Relations And Counter-Terrorism Policy, Veronica Kitchen, Karthika Sasikumar
Canada (En)Counters Terrorism: Us-Canada Relations And Counter-Terrorism Policy, Veronica Kitchen, Karthika Sasikumar
Faculty Publications
This paper examines the role of identity in shaping counter-terrorism policy in Canada. We show that identity functions in three ways: constitutively by defining the range of choices a state is likely to consider; strategically by being a resource to buttress arguments based in economic or sovereignty interests; and heuristically by using identity as a marker for risk. This three-faceted explanation helps explain why, despite close economic, social, and political links between Canada and the United States which might lead us to expect Canada to follow American counter-terrorism policy, Canadian counter-terrorism policy often diverges from the American lead.
India’S Emergence As A “Responsible” Nuclear Power, Karthika Sasikumar
India’S Emergence As A “Responsible” Nuclear Power, Karthika Sasikumar
Faculty Publications
In 2005, India and the United States announced a nuclear “deal” that would seek to clarify India’s ambiguous status in the nuclear order. The sole superpower appeared to be recognizing India’s status as a nuclear-armed state by opening up the possibility of nuclear cooperation. This announcement represented the fruit of many years of careful Indian diplomacy aimed at establishing its identity as a responsible possessor of nuclear weapons and forging a closer alliance with the US. This article provides a concise description of the provisions of the 2005 India-US nuclear agreement, and analyzes its global, regional, and domestic implications. While …
Diversity In American Subnational Transportation Agencies: Challenges And Opportunities, Peter J. Haas
Diversity In American Subnational Transportation Agencies: Challenges And Opportunities, Peter J. Haas
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Civil-Military Relations In A Civilized State: Panama, Ronald D. Sylvia, Constantine P. Danopoulos
Civil-Military Relations In A Civilized State: Panama, Ronald D. Sylvia, Constantine P. Danopoulos
Faculty Publications
This article traces and analyzes civil-military relations in Panama. After a brief overview of the role of the National Guard in the country politics, the article concentrates on political developments since the 1989 U.S. invasion to overthrow the Noriega regime and the subsequent elimination of the Panamanian military. The study seeks to shed light on political life in an armyless and politically and socially fractionalized country occupying a sensitive strategic location. The concluding part of the study speculates on the possibility that terrorism, domestic security concerns, and regional considerations may prompt Washington and Panamanian leaders to reverse the decision to …
Racial And Ethnic Attitudes And Individual Relatedness Among Greek-Americans, Constantine P. Danopoulos, Anna Karpathakis
Racial And Ethnic Attitudes And Individual Relatedness Among Greek-Americans, Constantine P. Danopoulos, Anna Karpathakis
Faculty Publications
The article looks at the self-identity of Greek immigrants in the U.S. and incorporation of American racial ideologies into their racial repertoires. It recognizes Greek Americans for creating a national and racial framework that blends elements of both home and host society institutions and ideologies. It recalls the arrival of thousands of Greek immigrants in the U.S. in the 20th century. The increasing inter-marriage rates between Greek immigrants and Greek Americans are also noted.
Economic Measurements And Quality Of Life In Mexico, Constantine P. Danopoulos
Economic Measurements And Quality Of Life In Mexico, Constantine P. Danopoulos
Faculty Publications
Using the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI), the article seeks to evaluate the quality of life in modern Mexico. The GPI employs the same indicators used to arrive at per capita GDP, but adds positive and negative monetary and non-monetary actors that affect people's lives. Monetary factors include income distribution, increased health care cost due to air and water pollution, and loss of wetlands. Non-monetary factors involve parenting, time spent in highways, loss of leisure time, the cost of volunteer work, and other social costs. If one takes these into account, the purchasing power and quality of life of Mexican citizens …
Microfinance And Third World Development: A Critical Analysis, Elahi Khandakar, Constantine P. Danopoulos
Microfinance And Third World Development: A Critical Analysis, Elahi Khandakar, Constantine P. Danopoulos
Faculty Publications
Microfinance is emerging as an integral part of the new development paradigm, described by the phrase "participation and development. "Although the idea has become quite popular among donor agencies, development practitioners, and academicians, theoretical premises on which this idea is founded seem entirely unexamined. Accordingly, this article investigates the academic merits, as well as potential consequences, of this popular poverty alleviating model from the supply-side perspective and asks a provocative question: Do the microfinance ventures have features which suggest that the establishment of this new finance industry in the Third World countries might further complicate their pervasive poverty problems? The …
Book Review. Nonprofits In Urban America (Richard C. Hula, Cynthia Jackson-Elmoore, Eds.), Peter J. Haas
Book Review. Nonprofits In Urban America (Richard C. Hula, Cynthia Jackson-Elmoore, Eds.), Peter J. Haas
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
A Comparison Of The Training Priorities Of Clerical Employees And Their Supervisors, Peter J. Haas
A Comparison Of The Training Priorities Of Clerical Employees And Their Supervisors, Peter J. Haas
Faculty Publications
Determines whether and in which ways the priorities of local government employees differ from those of their supervisors using data from employees in the Santa Clara County, California. Respondent profiles; Priorities of employees and supervisors among specific training topics for employees.
Regional Security Organizations And National Interests: Analyzing The Nato-Greek Relationship, Constantine P. Danopoulos
Regional Security Organizations And National Interests: Analyzing The Nato-Greek Relationship, Constantine P. Danopoulos
Faculty Publications
This article analyzes the reasons which account for Greece's continuing membership in the Atlantic Alliance, even though NATO has not lived up to expectations and has failed to protect the nation's security against threats from Turkey. Following a brief examination of Greek attitudes toward NATO and the nature of dissatisfaction, the article argues that strategic concerns are, at best, of secondary importance. Instead, Greece's continuing membership in the Alliance is a result of the nation's economic ties to the West and the dependency of its military on NATO and Washington for advanced training, arms, war materiel, and other professional considerations. …
From Balconies To Tanks: Post Junta Civil-Military Relations In Greece, Constantine P. Danopoulos
From Balconies To Tanks: Post Junta Civil-Military Relations In Greece, Constantine P. Danopoulos
Faculty Publications
This article analyzes the reasons why praetorianism in Greece has not been followed by more of the same, as appears to be the case in most states that have experienced military rule. After a careful examination of the available data, it was concluded that having learned their lesson, both the civilian and military elites have played a role in keeping the armed forces away from the levers of political authority, the civilians by following carrot and stick policies designed not to encroach on the military's corporate interests, and the armed forces by accepting the view that they can best protect …
The Greek Military Regime (1967-1974) And The Cyprus Question — Origins And Goals, Constantine P. Danopoulos
The Greek Military Regime (1967-1974) And The Cyprus Question — Origins And Goals, Constantine P. Danopoulos
Faculty Publications
This article employs the concept of military professionalism and its attributes to explain the Greek praetorian regime's handling of the Cyrprus problem. Upon examining the relevant data it was found that for strategic considerations the U.S. and NATO sought to achieve a negotiated solution to the cyprus problem which would have amounted to double Enosis. It was also found that professional needs created a dependency of the Greek. military on NA TO for arms, sophisticated training, and support which let them view participation in NATO as indespensable. As a result, the Greek military confused the interests of their nation with …