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Articles 1 - 30 of 47
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Complex Decision Support For Older Adults: Effects Of Information Visualization On Decision Performance, Margaux Price
Complex Decision Support For Older Adults: Effects Of Information Visualization On Decision Performance, Margaux Price
All Theses
Older adults are faced with complex decision tasks that impose high working memory demands. A representative task is choosing a prescription drug plan from a multitude of options that must be evaluated along many factors. The combined effect of the quantity of complex information, and reduced working memory capacity puts older adults at a disadvantage. However, research with younger adults suggests that the working memory burden of decision tasks can be reduced using well-designed, graphical decision aids (i.e., environmental supports). The current study examined the use of environmental supports to support complex decision-making for older adults. Two experiments were conducted; …
Analyzing The Restricted Phase Of The Graduated Driver's Licensing System: The Effect Of Driving Experience, Christopher Graham
Analyzing The Restricted Phase Of The Graduated Driver's Licensing System: The Effect Of Driving Experience, Christopher Graham
All Theses
Beginning in 1996, states began adopting what is known as the graduated driver's licensing system (GDL) in an attempt to reduce traffic hazards for teenagers. This was a response to previous literature which suggested teens had an elevated risk for motor vehicle hazards, compared to all other age groups. The GDL system is split into three separate stages, in an attempt to ease the teenagers into the driving process. These stages are known as the permit stage, the restricted stage, and the unrestricted stage. While much of the past literature has focused on whether or not the GDL system is …
Socioeconomic Determinants Of Infant Mortality Rate Disparities, Alex Krasikov
Socioeconomic Determinants Of Infant Mortality Rate Disparities, Alex Krasikov
All Theses
This study examines variation in infant mortality rate (IMR) between black and white populations. Data were drawn from CDC Birth Cohort Linked Birth Infant Data for 2004. Author examined numerous socioeconomic factors that could explain the gap in IMR between two races. Each potential factor was examined separately before introducing into a complete model. The proposed model explains about 11 percentage points in difference between groups, and showed factors that can be affected by change in public policy, play statistically significant role in IMR disparity. We can look at the IMR as a socioeconomic indicator that highlights both negative and …
Crime And Punishment: Insitutional Sanctions And Other Characteristics That Effect Campus Crime, Aldon Givens
Crime And Punishment: Insitutional Sanctions And Other Characteristics That Effect Campus Crime, Aldon Givens
All Theses
Crime, has and continues to be, a major issue in the world of institutions of higher education. Colleges and universities are constantly working on ways to prevent and improve crime on their respective campuses, which in most occasions includes collecting and reporting crime data to law enforcement agencies and the general public. By setting up punishment schemes and sanctions to deter criminal activity at their institution, administrators and faculty are looking for better, more efficient ways to influence the behavior or their students and steer them away from a life of criminal activity.
By studying existing literature, crime definitions, and …
The Geometric Field Of View And Speed Perception In A Driving Simulator, Richard Goodenough
The Geometric Field Of View And Speed Perception In A Driving Simulator, Richard Goodenough
All Theses
Particularly in the health and rehabilitation sector where cost and space are constraints, practitioners need smaller driving simulators. Because these small-footprint driving simulators have a limited projected field of view (PFOV) it is desirable to extend the virtual or geometric field of view (GFOV) beyond that natively afforded by the PFOV. Changing the PFOV/GFOV ratio has been shown to alter perceived speed. In order for driving simulation to produce realistic experiences, drivers‟ perception of speed should correspond with real world experiences. The purpose of the current research was to better understand the relationship between speed perception and the GFOV/PFOV ratio …
Buffering Effects Of Positive Mentoring On Mentor Burnout: Generative Concern And Perceived Organizational Support As Moderators, Meline Schaffer
Buffering Effects Of Positive Mentoring On Mentor Burnout: Generative Concern And Perceived Organizational Support As Moderators, Meline Schaffer
All Theses
Burnout among employees has personal and organizational consequences. Negative effects of burnout include lowered individual adjustment as well as disengagement from the organization. Given this, both psychologists and practitioners may benefit from understanding ways to decrease this factor among employees.
One organizational experience that has the potential to decrease burnout is mentoring. While the advantages of mentoring relationships for protŽgŽs are well-documented, this study examines the potentially beneficial effects of positive mentoring relationships for the mentor, focusing on the reduction of burnout as a dependent variable. While benefits of mentoring may lead to reduced burnout, recent research suggests that negative …
Prospective Memory In The Nursing Environment: Effects Of Type Of Prospective Task And Prospective Load, Nicole Fink
Prospective Memory In The Nursing Environment: Effects Of Type Of Prospective Task And Prospective Load, Nicole Fink
All Theses
The nursing environment is replete with event-based and time-based prospective memory (PM) tasks (i.e. high prospective load). However, the effects of time-based prospective load, prospective load in naturalistic settings, and prospective load with unique retrospective components for each PM task remains unknown. To address this gap, the current study used a mockup patient room setting to examine the effects of PM type (event-based or time based) and prospective load (1 vs. 4 tasks) with unique prospective and retrospective components) on ongoing task and PM task performance. Registered nurses completed an ongoing documentation task while also remembering to perform 1 or …
Style And Electronic Communication: The Accommodation Of Scientific Risks In The Sierra Magazine, Erin Dalton
Style And Electronic Communication: The Accommodation Of Scientific Risks In The Sierra Magazine, Erin Dalton
All Theses
This thesis focuses on how style accommodates scientific risks for public audiences in Magazine articles. Language has previously been unexplored in risk communication; in accommodation research, style has not been investigated. Responding to these gaps in research, this study combines two unexplored dimensions--risk communication and accommodation--to show how syntax, diction, and metaphor resituate technical language and ideas in scientific risk studies for readers. First, interviews with editors and writers will provide a rich understanding of how their editing and composition practices influence accommodation processes. From there, an electronic communication analysis will illustrate how this medium can accommodate beyond text to …
Rhetorical Problems And Cinematic Solutions: The Visual Arguments Of The 'Obama Infomercial', Bryan Ricke
Rhetorical Problems And Cinematic Solutions: The Visual Arguments Of The 'Obama Infomercial', Bryan Ricke
All Theses
Most Americans remember the outcome of the presidential election on November 2nd, 2008, and the intense media coverage of the entire campaign. Just three nights before Election Day, the Barack Obama campaign purchased primetime air slots on seven major broadcast and cable stations across the country to air a 30-minute 'infomercial' entitled
American Stories: American Solutions. This thesis looks at this television program with a specific focus not on the verbal message of American Stories: American Solutions, but on how this message is framed through cinematography. The thesis first explores research in the fields of rhetoric, film, politics, and race, …
The Wilderness In Wilderness Therapy Techniques, Jane Brison
The Wilderness In Wilderness Therapy Techniques, Jane Brison
All Theses
The fields of Therapeutic Recreation, Criminal Justice, and Psychology currently use wilderness therapy techniques in the treatment of adolescents experiencing difficult life transitions. While literature exists that reports on the effectiveness of Wilderness Therapy techniques in addressing the issues that adolescents' face, there is a lack of understanding regarding exactly why these programs work. One theme that has been minimally addressed in the literature is the role that the 'wilderness' plays in these therapeutic techniques. People's perceptions of the wilderness environment vary due to experience and exposure. These varying perceptions could play a role in the effectiveness of these techniques …
The 2010 Campus Climate Survey: Status Characteristics As Predictors Of Campus Climate Perceptions, Kelly Linker
The 2010 Campus Climate Survey: Status Characteristics As Predictors Of Campus Climate Perceptions, Kelly Linker
All Theses
Diversity issues are still real and relevant concerns for organizations; university campuses are no exception. This study surveyed the faculty and staff at Clemson University in South Carolina about their experiences with diversity issues and the campus climate. The research question evaluated what influenced employees to have a negative perception of the campus climate. In addition to status characteristics, a respondent's level of cultural competence and exposure to harassment and discrimination were considered. A respondent's race was found to be the most influential of the status characteristics while experiencing harassment or discrimination was also significant. Cultural competence was significant in …
Revisiting The Impact Of The Designated Hitter On Major League Baseball, Andrew Cooley
Revisiting The Impact Of The Designated Hitter On Major League Baseball, Andrew Cooley
All Theses
In 1973, team owners in Major League Baseball's American League voted in favor of introducing the designated hitter into their offensive lineups. The National League owners voted against such a rule change that year and since on several different occurrences. Baseball fans, sportswriters, players, owners, economists and others have weighed in on the impact of the designated hitter rule change on Major League Baseball. Chapter One of this paper reviews recent published writings by economists on the impact of the designated hitter. Team owners gave several reasons for advocating the dramatic designated rule change in the American League. Chapter Two …
Sustainable Urban Transport: The Issue Of Equity In The Emerging Bric Countries, Tamara Tavares
Sustainable Urban Transport: The Issue Of Equity In The Emerging Bric Countries, Tamara Tavares
All Theses
Although sustainable frameworks for transportation have been widely discussed in the transportation planning field in recent decades, the issue of equity in transportation systems is still relatively unexplored in comparison to the other pillars of sustainability. Globally, the concept of equity gains different nuances in developed and developing countries, and have yet new implications when considering fast emerging nations. The objective of this paper is to investigate how transit policies in fast emerging economies are used to distribute equitable access to benefits and opportunities; and to derive lessons that can orient future cohorts of emerging cities and countries to use …
The Effect Of Television Exposure On College Football Recruiting: An Analysis Of The Southeastern And Atlantic Coast Conferences From 1970 To 2010, Thomas Crouch
All Theses
A study was done to determine the effect of television exposure on the geographic distribution of recruits in the Southeastern and Atlantic Coast conferences from 1970 to 2010. Roster data was compiled for 23 teams, and this data was used to generate distances between every recruit's hometown and the school he would attend. Then, a conditional logit estimation was used to determine the effect of distance on a recruit's choice of schools over time. Also included were variables describing each school's academic and football quality and variables describing a recruit's choice of school by where it was located in relation …
Who Is Worth What? Judge And Advisor Characteristics In A Paid-Advice Judgment Scenario, Benjamin Slade
Who Is Worth What? Judge And Advisor Characteristics In A Paid-Advice Judgment Scenario, Benjamin Slade
All Theses
When making a decision, people often receive advice before settling on a particular course of action. Decision makers exhibit a spectrum of responses to advice, ranging from total rejection to complete acceptance. The purpose of this study is to examine predictors of advice use within a Judge Advisor System (JAS: Sniezek & Buckley, 1995). Prior research has examined a variety of task characteristics, advisor characteristics, and decision maker characteristics (e.g. Bonaccio, 2007; Gino & Moore, 2007; Yaniv & Kleinberger, 2000). In this study, judge characteristics including confidence, accuracy, prior task knowledge, and other individual differences are examined. Advisor characteristics such …
An Economic Analysis Of Sediment Control Use At Construction Sites In Greenville County, South Carolina, Jamey Lowdermilk
An Economic Analysis Of Sediment Control Use At Construction Sites In Greenville County, South Carolina, Jamey Lowdermilk
All Theses
Soil erosion from construction sites can cause sedimentation of nearby water bodies. Mandatory sediment controls can reduce sedimentation. What determines the degree to which sediment controls meet regulatory standards for installation and maintenance? A conditional-multinomial logit model is estimated with data from 85 construction sites that were audited in 2001 or 2005 in Greenville County, SC to determine whether 147 sediment ponds or traps were installed correctly, properly maintained, or both. Costs of maintenance positively affect the probability that a sediment pond or trap is properly maintained. Engineering experience positively affects the probability that a structure is properly maintained. Construction …
Who's The Boss: The Influence Of Gender Stereotypes On Perceptions Of Leaders And The Likelihood Of Engaging In Organizational Citizenship Behaviors, Elizabeth Conde
Who's The Boss: The Influence Of Gender Stereotypes On Perceptions Of Leaders And The Likelihood Of Engaging In Organizational Citizenship Behaviors, Elizabeth Conde
All Theses
Over the past few decades, there have been an increasing number of women in management positions (Heilman, 2001). This study examined the role that gender stereotypes may have in influencing differences in extra-role helping behavior in the workplace. Although hypotheses were not supported, likability was identified as a variable of interest in the gender-helping behavior relationship. Future research should further examine this relationship and its implications for organizations.
Changes In Visitors' Environmental Focus During An Appreciative Recreation Experience, Adam Mckay
Changes In Visitors' Environmental Focus During An Appreciative Recreation Experience, Adam Mckay
All Theses
Recreation that involves learning, viewing, observing, studying, identifying, or photographing nature (e.g., birds, plants, or wildlife) may be termed appreciative recreation. As appreciative wildland recreation participation continues to increase, an understanding of the development of on-site experiences for recreationists will be important for helping managers meet visitor needs, meet objectives for education during experiences, and managing social and ecological impacts related to the activity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the developmental nature of appreciative recreation experiences. Clawson and Knetsch (1966) are typically cited as the first researchers to identify that an outdoor recreation experience has multiple phases …
Institutionalization, Technology, And Power: The Ideological Context Of Style Organizations, Dustin Wilson
Institutionalization, Technology, And Power: The Ideological Context Of Style Organizations, Dustin Wilson
All Theses
Organizations have the power to establish the norms of discourse within various fields through organizational style guides. These style guides determine the conventions of discourse that professionals use every day. In this thesis, I explore and articulate the ideological context of some style guides in prominent professions. The institutionalization of discourse is seen through the history of style manuals and is particularly noted within the discourse of contemporary organizations that create style guides. Through an application of the theories of Foucault and Habermas, I discuss how these organizations institutionalize discourse and perpetuate a system of purposive-rational action. In this thesis, …
Establishing The Best Practices Related To Effective Student Development In Campus Recreation Student Employees, Lauren Toperzer
Establishing The Best Practices Related To Effective Student Development In Campus Recreation Student Employees, Lauren Toperzer
All Theses
Students play a vital role in the leadership and delivery of campus recreation programs. The purpose of this study was to investigate best practices related to effective student development techniques in high quality campus recreation programs affiliated with NIRSA (National Intramural Recreational Sports Association). NIRSA , in collaboration with CAS (Council for the Advancement of Standards), educates collegiate recreational sports professionals on the importance of providing a rich learning environment for student employees (nirsa.org, 2010). A campus recreation professional can put student development theory to practice and the student employee can gain effective professional development.
Data were collected through a …
The Interaction Of Motivational Climate And Self-Determination In Examining Commitment Level In Female Youth Sport, Kyle Player
The Interaction Of Motivational Climate And Self-Determination In Examining Commitment Level In Female Youth Sport, Kyle Player
All Theses
Research has shown that many benefits can be derived from youth sports. Practitioners need to be equipped with the skills to provide the best youth sport experience and retain participants. This is of particular importance for females because of their tendency to dropout at higher rates than males. The purpose of this research is to describe the effect that coach-created motivational climate has on female youth athletes' self-determination and goal orientation and how these variables affect their commitment level pre to post season. Research has shown that a coach initiated mastery climate will have a positive effect on girls' self …
Comparison Of Implied Volatility Approximations Using 'Nearest-To-The-Money' Option Premiums, Joseph Ewing
Comparison Of Implied Volatility Approximations Using 'Nearest-To-The-Money' Option Premiums, Joseph Ewing
All Theses
Implied volatility provides information which is useful for not only investors, but farmers, producers, manufacturers and corporations. These market participants use implied volatility as a measure of price risk for hedging and speculation decisions. Because volatility is a constantly changing variable, there needs to be a simple and quick way to extract its value from the Black-Scholes model. Unfortunately, there is no closed form solution for the extraction of the implied volatility variable; therefore its value must be approximated. This study investigated the relative accuracy of six methods for approximating Black-Scholes implied volatility developed by Curtis and Carriker, Brenner and …
The Effects Of Headlight Intensity And Clothing Contrast On Pedestrians' Own Estimated Recognition Distances At Night, Rachel Rosenberg
The Effects Of Headlight Intensity And Clothing Contrast On Pedestrians' Own Estimated Recognition Distances At Night, Rachel Rosenberg
All Theses
Inadequate pedestrian detection is a crucial contributing factor in fatal nighttime collisions involving pedestrians. Pedestrians typically overestimate how recognizable they are to oncoming drivers and little is known about what affects pedestrians' estimates of how recognizable they think they are. This study explored the extent to which pedestrians believed their conspicuity was affected by headlight intensity and clothing reflectance. Participants in four clothing conditions and in four different levels of headlight intensity walked to and from a parked vehicle until they felt recognizable to the driver. Estimated recognition distances did not change with variations in headlight intensity, suggesting that pedestrians …
Efficiency Gains From Transferable Water Rights, Joseph Ziska
Efficiency Gains From Transferable Water Rights, Joseph Ziska
All Theses
In times of drought, mandatory water restrictions are a popular option for local governments to prevent water shortages. The state of South Carolina has had mandatory water restrictions in various counties for nearly a third of the past decade. If there are heterogeneous consumers with varying marginal valuations for water, these mandatory restrictions may be economically inefficient. I calculate what welfare gains could be achieved for the state by allowing prices to fluctuate instead of imposing mandatory restrictions.
To perform this calculation, I assume a basic quadratic demand function for water with constant income elasticity. The water restrictions force all …
Cultural Variation In The Visual Aspects Of Television Commercials: Comparing The Use And Effect Of Field Information In Chinese And Us Television Commercials, Jin Liu
All Theses
Cross-cultural psychology literature demonstrates cultural variation in visual perception patterns and field information inclusion in static visual designs between Chinese and American cultures. This study attempts to empirically investigate whether such variation exists in these two cultures' video images such as television commercials, and whether the commercials customized to cultural preference are more effective than others as previous research suggests. The research results correspond to previous claims about the visual design patterns in Chinese and American cultures, based on which suggestions for cinematic practice are provided. This research contends that variation in information inclusion and exclusion rules manifests differences in …
A Linguistic Analysis Of The Entrepreneurial Pitch, Laura Cunningham
A Linguistic Analysis Of The Entrepreneurial Pitch, Laura Cunningham
All Theses
An entrepreneur faces many challenges in the quest to bring an idea to fruition, and the first step in gaining financial support most commonly comes in the form of a pitch. The goal is always ultimately to persuade investors in the validity and profitability of a product or idea. A wealth of information currently exists in helping entrepreneurs create pitch content as well as giving advice on presentation skills. While this information is important for consideration, the vast majority of available knowledge hovers in the intuitive realm.
Little to no quantitative, academic research exists on the actual use of language …
Fantasy Football: Analyzing Fantasy Themes In America's Rhetorical Pastime, Frankie Christ
Fantasy Football: Analyzing Fantasy Themes In America's Rhetorical Pastime, Frankie Christ
All Theses
Fantasy football has emerged as a male-bonding experience of our online age. In understanding the formation of a rich rhetorical community, a close examination of how these fantasy football communities represent the larger culture is required. This thesis uses Ernest Bormann's theoretical framework of fantasy theme analysis to examine how the sharing of group fantasies creates a symbolic convergence. Once symbolic convergence has occurred, group members are then able to share rhetorical visions that shape their world's view. In the case of this thesis, Bormann's methods have been modified to better understand the small group dynamics of fantasy football participants. …
Discrimination And Health: A Longitudinal Study, Jun Xu
Discrimination And Health: A Longitudinal Study, Jun Xu
All Theses
This study examines several questions about discrimination using a longitudinal survey from the 2006 and 2008 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Results show that whites are least likely to experience discrimination as we expected. In addition, the data provides support for the hypothesis that people with higher total household assets and higher household total number of members are less likely to experience discrimination. However, contrary to my hypothesis, females have smaller odds of experiencing discrimination compared to males. People with higher education levels are more likely to report major discrimination events compared to those with lower education …
A Leisure Education Program For Postsecondary Students With Intellectual Disabilities, Madalyn Weber
A Leisure Education Program For Postsecondary Students With Intellectual Disabilities, Madalyn Weber
All Theses
For individuals with intellectual disabilities finding and taking part in leisure experiences can be difficult without appropriate knowledge and skills. This study examined the use of a leisure education program with students enrolled in a post-secondary education program located on the campus of a mid-size southeastern university. This postsecondary educational program is designed to teach independent living and job skills to people ages 18-23 who have an intellectual disability. The -Leisure Ability Model is the conceptual framework for this study. Leisure attitude was measured through a revised version of the Leisure Attitude Measure; it assessed three components: cognitive, behavioral, and …
Funding The Way To Work: Transportation Policies With Provisions For Low-Wage Workers, Ronald Combs
Funding The Way To Work: Transportation Policies With Provisions For Low-Wage Workers, Ronald Combs
All Theses
Adequate access to employment is a primary factor in providing a means to self-sufficiency for disadvantaged populations. In order to secure and retain employment, people must enjoy a degree of mobility.
The Job Access and Reverse Commute (JARC) program enhances mobility for low-wage workers and low-income individuals by offering federal funding for locally planned and developed access projects. Funding for JARC projects is a combination of federal and local funding, with local funding derived from local sources, such as dedicated taxes, other local-level government-funded programs for disadvantaged populations, businesses or general accounts.
The objective of this research is to identify …