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Articles 1 - 30 of 31
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Need-Based Moderators Of Relational And Resource Concerns And Their Relationship To Procedural Justice, Jonas Johnson
Need-Based Moderators Of Relational And Resource Concerns And Their Relationship To Procedural Justice, Jonas Johnson
All Dissertations
The current study assesses how needs influence the relationship between resource and relational concerns and procedural justice. Previous research has examined antecedents of procedural justice but often omits a consideration of individual needs in this analysis. Tyler (1994) found that the variables trust, neutrality, and status recognition were related to procedural justice because they contained variance related to relational concerns. Further research by Heuer, Penrod, Lafer, & Cohn (2002) also found that trust, neutrality, and status recognition were related to procedural justice based on resource concerns as well as relational concerns. However, no studies have examined the extent to which …
Multilevel Antecedents Of Economic Stress, Mark Zajack
Multilevel Antecedents Of Economic Stress, Mark Zajack
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Much of the literature on economic stress focuses on outcomes. This study assessed the antecedents that precede employee perceptions of economic strain. A multilevel framework of economic antecedents was proposed. The framework included objective indicators of the macroeconomic context as well as individual-level objective and subjective economic antecedents. It was hypothesized that antecedents within each of these categories of economic stress can fall into one of two dimensions: employment- or finance-related. Indicators of the macroeconomic context were gathered from the American Community Survey (ACS). Over 2,000 union employees of a large U.S. Midwestern retail chain provided individual employee-level economic information …
Development Of Guidance For States Transitioning To New Safety Analysis Tools, Priyanka Alluri
Development Of Guidance For States Transitioning To New Safety Analysis Tools, Priyanka Alluri
All Dissertations
With about 125 people dying on US roads each day, the US Department of Transportation heightened the awareness of critical safety issues with the passage of SAFETEA - LU (Safe Accountable Flexible Efficient Transportation Equity Act - a Legacy for Users) legislation in 2005. The legislation required each of the states to develop a Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP) and incorporate data-driven approaches to prioritize and evaluate program outcomes: Failure to do so resulted in funding sanctioning. In conjunction with the legislation, research efforts have also been progressing toward the development of new safety analysis tools such as IHSDM (Interactive …
An Investigation Of The Relationship Between Service Quality, Transaction-Specific Satisfaction, And Overall Satisfaction In Predicting Golfers' Revisit Intentions, Joon Choel Lee
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ABSTRACT
Every year, approximately 37 million people play golf and use golf course facilities with friends or family, and each group's perception of satisfaction differs. It is important and worthwhile to examine the variables that influence golfers' perceptions of service quality and satisfaction. Understanding which variables best predict behavioral intentions to revisit certain facilities is an important issue in the tourism industry, but few studies have investigated the relationships between service quality, transaction-specific satisfaction, and overall satisfaction in predicting revisit intention.
The purpose of this study is to compare and investigate conceptual frameworks that represent the relationship between golfers' perceived …
Deadly Discourse: Negotiating Bureaucratic Consensus For The Final Solution Through Organizational And Technical Communication, Mark Ward Sr
Deadly Discourse: Negotiating Bureaucratic Consensus For The Final Solution Through Organizational And Technical Communication, Mark Ward Sr
All Dissertations
The Final Solution was largely accomplished in eleven months; its executors, the Nazi SS, faced the constant problem that as killing and plunder escalated so did internal competition and corruption; and the SS deliberately cultivated an intensely competitive and polycratic organizational culture that fit the Nazi worldview of life-as-struggle. By tying these three observations together—that the Final Solution was punctuated, entropic, and polycratic—the problem arises: How did SS organizational communications manage, just barely long enough, to create a temporary social reality that regulated the internal contradictions of its genocidal project and fragmented bureaucracy? This study contends that through its organizational …
Predictors And Outcomes Of Occupational Commitment Profiles Among Nurses, Lindsay Sears
Predictors And Outcomes Of Occupational Commitment Profiles Among Nurses, Lindsay Sears
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Occupational turnover is a costly problem afflicting much of the nursing industry, and occupational commitment is a strong predictor of withdrawal from one's profession. Traditional organizational research examines most commitment-behavior relationships from a variable-centered perspective, focusing on the relationships between constructs. The present study adopts a configural, or person-centered approach aimed at identifying and describing clusters of individuals who share a similar set of occupational commitment mindsets. The present study extends current literature by a) investigating the existence of several occupational commitment profiles and describing their characteristics; b) examining situational and demographic predictors of profile membership; and c) testing differences …
Breaking The Ice: Prospects For Canadian-American Institutional Change In The Governance Of The Northwest Passage, Jeffrey Parkey
Breaking The Ice: Prospects For Canadian-American Institutional Change In The Governance Of The Northwest Passage, Jeffrey Parkey
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This study assesses four institutional approaches to governing the use of the Northwest Passage, including the current rules in use. The assessment is conducted through the use of expert interviews, a review of the theoretical literature, and an examination of comparative cases. Because of significant environmental changes underway in the Arctic region, institutional change for Northwest Passage management is receiving increased attention. Due to the potential environmental and security impacts of regularized ship transits through the Northwest Passage, a number of informed observers have discussed the need for considering alternative means of governing the waterway. The advantages and disadvantages of …
Predicting Team Workload And Performance Using Team Autonomic Activity, Alexander Walker
Predicting Team Workload And Performance Using Team Autonomic Activity, Alexander Walker
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The development of a team measure of autonomic activity has a wide variety of applications. During team training, an index of team autonomic activity could potentially have added value for real-time feedback, team selection and performance evaluation. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between autonomic activity measures, workload, and performance, on both an individual and team level. Specifically, this study sought to determine whether changes in workload could be detected in measures of autonomic activity and whether changes in the autonomic measures related to changes in performance. 34 teams of two (35 males, 33 females) …
Migration And Child Educational Production: Aggregated Vs. Disaggregated Resource Modeling, Guo Li
Migration And Child Educational Production: Aggregated Vs. Disaggregated Resource Modeling, Guo Li
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This paper studies the sensitivity of estimates on various assumptions about aggregation in modeling the school's effect in child educational production. By controlling for the endogeneity of school qualities in the production function, we evaluate the performance of a 'correct' aggregation educational production model versus simple aggregation educational production model in predicting the school resources' effect on academic outcome. Monte Carlo simulations on different modeling specifications shows that simple aggregation of school resources over a geographic area causes serious specification errors, and thus generates biased estimates for the marginal contribution of the school resources to test scores. The two aggregation …
Social Networks In The Tourism Industry: An Investigation Of Charleston, South Carolina, Tianyu Ying
Social Networks In The Tourism Industry: An Investigation Of Charleston, South Carolina, Tianyu Ying
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Over the past decades, increasing attention has been given to the networking in the tourism industry (Lynch, 2000; Pavlovich, 2003). The existing literature mainly focuses on the interrelationships among tourism stakeholders at sector level and the structure of the interorganizational networks in tourism industry. However, little research has been done to examine the possible antecedents and outcomes of the tourism networks and the interrelationships between the network structures at different subject level (i.e., interpersonal and interorganizational) and in different social contexts (i.e., online and offline). The purpose of this study is to address these research gaps by empirically examining the …
Assessment Of Destination Brand Associations: An Application Of Associative Network Theory And Network Analysis Methods, Xu Chen
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Recent tourism management research has seen increasing discussions of applying branding concepts into destination marketing. However, brand association and its importance in creating strong and unique brands have not been studied adequately. The purpose of this study was to identify the underlying dimensions that people use to describe destination brands and examine the structural relations of the destination's brand association.
Brand association focuses on analyzing the characteristics consumers' knowledge, perceptions and attitudes associated with a brand and how brand associations interact with each other. Research on brand association provides measurement constructs to evaluate branding effectiveness and offers marketing professionals the …
Can Deliberation Alter Patterns Of Influence? A Study On Local Government Decision-Making And The Deliberative Dialogue Process, William Molnar
Can Deliberation Alter Patterns Of Influence? A Study On Local Government Decision-Making And The Deliberative Dialogue Process, William Molnar
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This study surveyed South Carolina county council elected officials and citizens to examine the local government decision-making process, as it relates to influence and power in the growth and development arena. At its center were both the Kettering Foundation's deliberative dialogue forum model and their assertion that citizens want, and need, to be infused into the process. The study has three significant findings. First, forums did not alter citizen perceptions on who holds power and influence within the local government power structure. Second, decision-makers did not alter on which groups influence them as the type of issue moves from routine …
The Relationship Between Mood, Emotional Labor, Ego Depletion, And Customer Outcomes Over Time, Eric Mckibben
The Relationship Between Mood, Emotional Labor, Ego Depletion, And Customer Outcomes Over Time, Eric Mckibben
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This dissertation examined the role of customer service representative mood in predicting emotional labor demands which subsequently predicted ego depletion and customer satisfaction ratings and tip percentage. Organizations require employees to display a positive mood or emotion and generating organizationally mandated positive emotions to display to customers requires emotion regulation which can be quite taxing for employees. Indeed, emotion regulation, a form of self-regulation, has been experimentally linked to a state similar to exhaustion called ego depletion. As such, employee mood, emotional labor and subsequent ego depletion are likely to play a role in customer ratings of satisfaction. A study …
Introducing Writing Across The Curriculum Into China: Feasability And Adaptation, Dan Wu
Introducing Writing Across The Curriculum Into China: Feasability And Adaptation, Dan Wu
All Dissertations
Writing Across the Curriculum (WAC) is a successful educational movement initiated in the US in the 1970s to promote better teaching and learning. It has developed to incorporate writing, speaking, digital educational technologies, and other communication modalities in the past several decades. WAC initiatives have now been successfully transplanted outside of the U.S. in nations and areas such as Australia, Sweden, Germany, and Hong Kong, yet one country that has not endorsed a WAC approach is China. Given the current tension between access and quality for Chinese higher education after an unprecedented enrollment expansion, incorporating WAC approaches is currently a …
Are Distracted Drivers Aware That They Are Distracted?: Exploring Awareness, Self-Regulation, And Performance In Drivers Performing Secondary Tasks, Matthew Crisler
Are Distracted Drivers Aware That They Are Distracted?: Exploring Awareness, Self-Regulation, And Performance In Drivers Performing Secondary Tasks, Matthew Crisler
All Dissertations
Research suggests that driving while talking on a mobile telephone causes drivers not to respond to important events but has a smaller effect on their lane-keeping ability. This pattern is similar to research on night driving and suggests that problems associated with distraction may parallel those of night driving. Here, participants evaluated their driving performance before and after driving a simulated curvy road under different distraction conditions. In experiment 1 drivers failed to appreciate their distraction-induced performance decrements and did not recognize the dissociation between lane-keeping and identification. In Experiment 2 drivers did not adjust their speed to offset being …
Essays In Contemporary Tax Law Changes, Arpita Biswas
Essays In Contemporary Tax Law Changes, Arpita Biswas
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In the first essay, I provide estimates of price and income elasticities of charitable contributions which reveal substantial differences in giving patterns across different income groups. The paper develops an intertemporal model of giving which predicts that lowering current income taxes induces substitution away from current giving towards giving in future periods. Cragg's Generalized Tobit model applied to Consumer Expenditure data from 1997-2006 provides estimates of income and price elasticities conditioned upon contribution, which range between 0.17 to 0.81 and −0.50 to −1.16 respectively. Empirical analysis shows substantial evidence of intertemporal substitution, implying that if the difference between future and …
Deployed Electronic Medical Record Policy Compliance: An Intra-Department Principal-Agent Perspective, Mark Mellott
Deployed Electronic Medical Record Policy Compliance: An Intra-Department Principal-Agent Perspective, Mark Mellott
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To understand problems related to a policy of implementing a lifelong longitudinal electronic health record (EHR) more fully, this dissertation examines compliance with changes in policy over time. We analyze drivers of compliance with a required electronic medical record (EMR) by hospital clinicians completing the records for deployed service members. This study examines compliance as an outcome of principal-agent (PA) relationships, with the EMR modeled as the measure of success between one level of bureaucratic principal (i.e. medical command) with control over the necessary mechanisms in order to ensure compliance of agents (i.e., medical professionals).
Policy compliance is operationalized in …
'First We Crawled, Then We Walked, Now We Want To Run': An Examination Of The Transition Processes Used By Inclusive Camps, Teresa Tucker
'First We Crawled, Then We Walked, Now We Want To Run': An Examination Of The Transition Processes Used By Inclusive Camps, Teresa Tucker
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ABSTRACT
The purpose of this dissertation was to examine the transition processes camps undergo when including campers with disabilities into the organized camp from the perspective of key individuals who championed inclusion. Despite research that supports inclusion and knowledge of best inclusive practices, few camps have implemented the inclusion of individuals with disabilities in a purposeful way. Understanding the components that facilitate a camp's adoption of inclusion and the roles people play to facilitate the inclusion process can provide camp professionals guidelines to ensure all campers have a positive inclusive camp experience. In this phenomenological study, in-depth interviews were conducted …
Essays In Public Economics, Ancuta Cojoc
Essays In Public Economics, Ancuta Cojoc
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\chapter*{Abstract}
In the first essay I estimate the effect of a tuition subsidy, in the form of in-state tuition for undocumented immigrants, on the college enrollment decision of non-citizen Mexican immigrants. Using data from the Current Population Survey, I capture the variable impact of the policy across age by estimating the impact on two different age groups. I also estimate the differential effect across genders. The policy increases the college enrollment among non-citizen Mexican immigrants. The subsidy is associated with a 1.5 percentage points (or 15 percent) increase in college attendance of younger immigrants aged 18 to 20 years old. …
Understanding Casino Visitors' Decision-Making Processes Within The Perspective Of Responsible Gambling: An Application Of The Model Of Goal-Directed Behavior, Hakjun Song
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There has been relatively little theory-based research focusing on casino visitors' behavior. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) has been criticized for not considering the effect of past behavior and for not incorporating emotional factors in its theoretical frame. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to examine casino visitors' behavioral intention for casino gambling using the Model of Goal-directed Behavior (MGB) as a new theoretical framework to understand visitors' behavioral intentions to gamble in casinos. This study also aimed to not only compare the Extended MGB (EMGB) with the original MGB, TPB, and Theory of Reasoned Action …
Inspiring Awe In The Outdoors: A Mechanistic And Functional Analysis, Joel Agate
Inspiring Awe In The Outdoors: A Mechanistic And Functional Analysis, Joel Agate
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The past decade has seen a movement within the field of psychology in which positive emotions have been emphasized as an important key to improved quality of life. The Broaden-and-Build Theory of Positive Emotions indicates that such emotions may provide enduring reservoirs of personal strength and may broaden thought-action repertoires, opening people`s minds to new possibilities. One emotion that has begun to receive some attention among positive psychologists is awe. While little is known about this emotion, researchers and scholars have indicated that natural and outdoor environments are common settings in which people experience awe. The purpose of this study …
The Regulatory Roots Of The 2007 Financial Crisis, Jane Coetsee
The Regulatory Roots Of The 2007 Financial Crisis, Jane Coetsee
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ABSTRACT
The rate of home ownership in the US had remained around 65% since the end of the Second World War. Between 1994 and 2006 the rate of home ownership climbed to 69%. In 2006, the combined assets of the top 5 bank holding companies were $6 trillion. Between 2007 and 2009 almost $2 trillion of bank assets evaporated as widespread mortgage defaults triggered a crisis. The pressing question is why were so many bad loans originated in the first place and what induced firms and investors to hold them? The primary mortgage market is intensely regulated and the secondary …
Sexual Minorities In The Workplace: An Examination Of Individual Differences That Affect Responses To Workplace Heterosexism, Phillip Lipka
Sexual Minorities In The Workplace: An Examination Of Individual Differences That Affect Responses To Workplace Heterosexism, Phillip Lipka
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Workplace heterosexism has been linked to numerous negative outcomes for gay, lesbian, and bisexual (GLB) employees. While GLB is the term commonly used in the literature, research examining workplace heterosexism often focuses on gay and lesbian (GL) employees. Thus, GL was the term used in the current study. Negative outcomes of workplace heterosexism include concealing one's sexual identity, the use of identity management strategies to keep one's sexual orientation a secret, increased psychological distress, and greater organizational withdrawal. The current study examined self-monitoring, neuroticism, and locus of control as individual difference variables that can affect the relationship between workplace heterosexism …
Self-Determination Theory And Therapeutic Recreation: The Relevance Of Autonomy, Competence, And Relatedness To Participant Intrinsic Motivation, Gena Bell
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The purpose of this dissertation was to explore the relevance of autonomy, competence, and relatedness, the three innate psychological needs proposed by self-determination theory, to participant intrinsic motivation. The three needs of SDT have not previously been examined in an exploratory manner or applied to efficacy research in therapeutic recreation. If applied, therapists could use them to increase intrinsic motivation towards interventions in their participants.
The first manuscript discusses intrinsic motivation and self-determination and their presence in leisure and therapeutic recreation research. It details the experimental manipulation of autonomy, competence, and relatedness in a 2 x 2 x 2 design. …
Helping Families Play: Developing A Framework For Family Recreation Programming, Sarah Agate
Helping Families Play: Developing A Framework For Family Recreation Programming, Sarah Agate
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Family recreation is an important part of life for many families, but many people may not be participating in as much family recreation as they would like, or some people may not be enjoying the family recreation activities in which they participate. The purpose of this study was to develop a framework for providing family recreation activities that can help all family members have enjoyable experiences. Ecological theory and leisure constraints theory were used to frame the study. The family accessibility conceptual framework was developed, tested, and modified for providing family recreation activities. A collective case study was conducted using …
Acculturation, Alienation, And Hiv Risk Among The Russian-Speaking Drug Users In Estonia, Anna Skosireva
Acculturation, Alienation, And Hiv Risk Among The Russian-Speaking Drug Users In Estonia, Anna Skosireva
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In 1991, dramatic socio-political changes transformed the Russian-speaking population in Estonia from the governing class to an immigrant minority virtually overnight absent of a relocation or emigration process. New citizenship and language policies, and associated socioeconomic hardships, drove many of the Russian-speaking population to the edges of the society. These processes were amplified by traditional acculturation challenges that led to increased psychological distress, rising indicators of social exclusion and social alienation, and poor health, including HIV/AIDS and substance abuse, in this linguistic group during the past two decades. Given the growing relevance of cultural issues in this group as well …
Sustainable Community Tourism Development: The Case Of Tanzania, Susan Slocum
Sustainable Community Tourism Development: The Case Of Tanzania, Susan Slocum
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This dissertation's objective is to understand the constraints to economic participation by indigenous Tanzanians living in and around current and/or future tourism destinations. Using qualitative methods, this study investigated local perceptions and involvement in tourism economies by comparing independent case studies in three destinations differing in land tenure. Fifteen village-based focus groups were employed in villages around Pangani District (Tanga Region), Amani Nature Reserve (Tanga Region), and Arumeru District (Arusha Region). The purpose of the village-based focus groups was to evaluate local access to physical, financial, human, social, and natural capital as a means to encourage economic participation in the …
Spatial Perception And Robot Operation: The Relationship Between Visual Spatial Ability And Performance Under Direct Line Of Sight And Teleoperation, Joshua Gomer
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This dissertation investigated the relationship between the spatial perception abilities of operators and robot operation under direct-line-of-sight and teleoperation viewing conditions. This study was an effort to determine if spatial ability testing may be a useful tool in the selection of human-robot interaction (HRI) operators. Participants completed eight cognitive ability measures and operated one of four types of robots under tasks of low and high difficulty. Performance for each participant was tested during both direct-line-of-sight and teleoperation. These results provide additional evidence that spatial perception abilities are reliable predictors of direct-line-of-sight and teleoperation performance. Participants in this study with higher …
The Accuracy Of Observers' Estimates Of The Effect Of Glare On Nighttime Vision: Do We Exaggerate The Disabling Effects Of Glare?, Stacy Balk
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Designing headlights involves balancing two conflicting goals: maximizing visibility for the driver and minimizing the disabling effects of glare for other drivers. Complaints of headlight glare have increased recently. This project explored the relationship between subjective (discomfort and expected visual problems) and objective (actual visual problems) consequences of glare. Two experiments - a lab-based psychophysical study and a field study - quantified the accuracy of observers' estimates of the effects of glare on their acuity. In both experiments, participants over-estimated the extent to which glare degraded their ability to see a small high contrast target. Observers' estimates of the disabling …
Modeling Of On-Line Traffic Control And Management Network For Operational And Communication Performance Evaluation, Yan Zhou
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Communication systems are the backbone of every effective and reliable traffic control and management application. While traditional fiber optics and telephone communications have long been used in managing and controlling highway traffic, wireless communication technology shows great promise as an alternative solution in traffic management applications due to their suitability for deployment in rural areas, and their flexibility and cost-effectiveness for system expansion. However, the detailed characteristics of various wireless communication technologies and real performance in the field have not been systematically studied. To augment this existing knowledge so that traffic professionals may better utilize these technologies to improve traffic …