Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Western Washington University

Theses/Dissertations

2011

Discipline
Keyword
Publication

Articles 1 - 30 of 46

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Squalicum Mountain Development Environmental Impact Assessment, Amber Smit, Andrew Donaldson, Jake Dunton, Max Crystal, Oliver Crain Apr 2011

Squalicum Mountain Development Environmental Impact Assessment, Amber Smit, Andrew Donaldson, Jake Dunton, Max Crystal, Oliver Crain

College of the Environment Graduate and Undergraduate Publications

This project proposes 1) the construction of a road to be located in a Rural Forestry zone. This private road would require clearing and grading for roughly 10,300 linear feet of roadway. The total project impact area produced by road construction would be approximately 11.05 acres in size 2) the construction of 26 residential homes on 20-acre parcels along with the necessary water, sewer/septic, power, and road infrastructure. Due to a lack of detail on the location of these houses they could potentially impact any part of the 520 acres set aside for residential home construction.


Environmental Impact Assessment: Smith Gardens Slope Stabilization And Long Plat Applications, Wesley Dyer, Cory Fakkema, Corey Holloran, Hailey Morgan, Kaitlin Rogers, Christian Warman Apr 2011

Environmental Impact Assessment: Smith Gardens Slope Stabilization And Long Plat Applications, Wesley Dyer, Cory Fakkema, Corey Holloran, Hailey Morgan, Kaitlin Rogers, Christian Warman

College of the Environment Graduate and Undergraduate Publications

Smith Gardens, Inc is a supplier of garden products in the northwest. Operating as a family-owned business, owned by Terry and Carolyn Smith, the company has been functioning for over 100 years. The site (1265 Marine Drive) is located just outside the Urban Growth Area of Bellingham and is over 15 acres. There are two applications for this property: (1) a proposal to subdivide the parcel and build 15 new houses, and (2) to stabilize the bluff near Bellingham Bay, which is at the south tip of the property.


Bellingham Public Development Authority Proposed Cornwall Development Environmental Impact Assessment, Ryan Fung, Elise Keim, Nadine Kohl, Michael Olney, Lauren Squires, Nicholas Sund Apr 2011

Bellingham Public Development Authority Proposed Cornwall Development Environmental Impact Assessment, Ryan Fung, Elise Keim, Nadine Kohl, Michael Olney, Lauren Squires, Nicholas Sund

College of the Environment Graduate and Undergraduate Publications

The formerly City-owned monthly permit parking lot at the corner of Cornwall Avenue and Maple Street (1115 Cornwall Ave.) was conveyed to the Bellingham Public Development Authority (BPDA) in December 2010. The City Council deeded this property over to the BPDA at the cost of $1.5 million. Subject to further study and planning, the BPDA anticipates to leverage private ownership of the nearby 1100 Cornwall site to support the construction a 45,000-60,000 sq. ft. structure that will provide lower-level parking with surplus capacity for shared public use especially during off-hours. The structure above the parking structure provides the possibility for …


Gateway Pacific Terminal Proposal: Environmental Impact Assessment, David Burgesser, Carrera Casper, Theo Frey, Kayla Grayson, Walter Haas, Tim Kennedy, Brenden Mcclain, Casey Rogers Apr 2011

Gateway Pacific Terminal Proposal: Environmental Impact Assessment, David Burgesser, Carrera Casper, Theo Frey, Kayla Grayson, Walter Haas, Tim Kennedy, Brenden Mcclain, Casey Rogers

College of the Environment Graduate and Undergraduate Publications

SSA Marine seeks to construct a full-service dry bulk commodity shipping terminal at Cherry Point, Washington. The proposed terminal will be the largest of its kind on the West Coast of the United States. If fully constructed, the terminal will have the capacity to annually export 54 million metric tons of bulk commodities, 48 million metric tons of which are expected to be coal (McKay). The project will involve constructing a railcar unloading station, stockyard, conveyance and shiploading systems, berths for three vessels, service buildings, and a storage and material handling facility, as well as making improvements to rail access …


Barlean's Organic Oils: Rezone & Expansion: Environmental Impact Assessment, Katarina Bunge, Nikki Dizon, Bennett Harbaugh, Allyson Hayes, Kristina Kraft, Jarrett Wheeler Apr 2011

Barlean's Organic Oils: Rezone & Expansion: Environmental Impact Assessment, Katarina Bunge, Nikki Dizon, Bennett Harbaugh, Allyson Hayes, Kristina Kraft, Jarrett Wheeler

College of the Environment Graduate and Undergraduate Publications

In the spring of 2010 Barlean's Organic Oils, LLC. applied to Whatcom County to rezone 35 acres on their 40 acre property from rural-5 (R5A) to Light Impact Industrial (LII). The purpose the rezone is to expand their processing facilities and warehousing storage capacity. Barlean's is a fish oil and flax seed oil processing plant located in Whatcom County, WA. Specifically, Barlean's Organic Oils, LLC. headquarters and processing facilities are located on the southwest 10-acres of their 40-acre square property, northeast of the Slater Road and Lake Terrell Road junction. Barlean's is adjacent to ConocoPhillips' crude oil refinery to the …


Boulevard Park Shoreline Improvements Project:Environmental Impact Assessment, Sara Desitter, Greg Kornelis, Travis Mabee, Caitlin Switaj, Greg Coulter Jan 2011

Boulevard Park Shoreline Improvements Project:Environmental Impact Assessment, Sara Desitter, Greg Kornelis, Travis Mabee, Caitlin Switaj, Greg Coulter

College of the Environment Graduate and Undergraduate Publications

The purpose of the Boulevard Park Shoreline Improvements Project is to remove fill, riprap, and sod from the shoreline along Boulevard Park and replace this hardened shoreline with sloping gravel, sand beaches, and rock groins. Ultimately, this alteration of the shoreline will hinder erosion, improve habitat, improve public access to the bay, and decrease the impact of storm surges.


Samish Rezone: Environmental Impact Assessment, Philip Grant Bowman, Ryan Nicolas Joyner, Kelsey Erin Lorberau, Alexander Joseph Riedo Jan 2011

Samish Rezone: Environmental Impact Assessment, Philip Grant Bowman, Ryan Nicolas Joyner, Kelsey Erin Lorberau, Alexander Joseph Riedo

College of the Environment Graduate and Undergraduate Publications

The proposed action would rezone 113 acres between I5 and Samish Way from single family to multi-family in order to densely cluster newly constructed homes. This action would create approximately 245 homes, and urbanize the area.


Downsizing For The Future: Whatcom County Adult Correction Facility And Sheriff's Headquarters Environmental Impact Assessment, Chris Fredley, Eric Johnson, Matt Milne, Lauren Vanderlugt Jan 2011

Downsizing For The Future: Whatcom County Adult Correction Facility And Sheriff's Headquarters Environmental Impact Assessment, Chris Fredley, Eric Johnson, Matt Milne, Lauren Vanderlugt

College of the Environment Graduate and Undergraduate Publications

The purpose of this environmental impact assessment (EIA) is to determine the effects of constructing and operating the proposed Adult Corrections Facilities and Sheriffs Headquarters in Whatcom County, Washington. This EIA addresses the positive and negative impacts associated with the proposed action, alternative action and no action alternative.


Extension Of Lake Whatcom Phosphorus Ban: Environmental Impact Assessment, Jeffery P. Edwards, Clarrissa M. M. Ernst, Patrick L. Hopper, Kerri B. Love, Nicole D. F. Parish Jan 2011

Extension Of Lake Whatcom Phosphorus Ban: Environmental Impact Assessment, Jeffery P. Edwards, Clarrissa M. M. Ernst, Patrick L. Hopper, Kerri B. Love, Nicole D. F. Parish

College of the Environment Graduate and Undergraduate Publications

Lake Whatcom is the main source of drinking water for over 96,000 people in Whatcom County including 82,000 residents of the City of Bellingham. Unfortunately, Lake Whatcom is currently listed under the Washington State Department of Ecology's 303D list as an impaired water body due to lack of dissolved oxygen. The main cause of low oxygen levels in the lake is excess phosphorus. Phosphorus is a nutrient necessary for all plant life. However, when too much of it enters aquatic systems, it can cause an imbalance in the aquatic ecosystem. In the past, phosphorus that was used in fertilizers and …


You Can Have Your Boat, And Launch It Too: An Environmental Impact Assessment Of The Proposed Boat Launch At Former Riverside Golf Course In Ferndale, Washington, Steve Anderson, Paul Argites, Christina Hersum, Tracy Pennell, Justin Sant Jan 2011

You Can Have Your Boat, And Launch It Too: An Environmental Impact Assessment Of The Proposed Boat Launch At Former Riverside Golf Course In Ferndale, Washington, Steve Anderson, Paul Argites, Christina Hersum, Tracy Pennell, Justin Sant

College of the Environment Graduate and Undergraduate Publications

The boat ramp and parking lot facility consists of the larger part of the Riverplace Civic Center redevelopment project in Ferndale, Washington. Construction of a ramp and a parking lot would serve recreational purposes for residents utilizing the Nooksack River. The proposed facility would also accommodate a moderate volume of recreationists on a daily basis during peak activity months. Located adjacent to Interstate-5, this facility aims to increase recreation activities, and to provide an alternative launch site onto the Nooksack River to the almost out of commissioned boat launch upriver. The alternative actions address flaws with the initial proposal and …


Environmental Impact Assessment Of The Ruth Creek Hydroelectric Project, Andrea Campbell, Darcie Williams, Paul W. (Paul William) Whelan, Daniel Skillman, Trevor Gearhart Jan 2011

Environmental Impact Assessment Of The Ruth Creek Hydroelectric Project, Andrea Campbell, Darcie Williams, Paul W. (Paul William) Whelan, Daniel Skillman, Trevor Gearhart

College of the Environment Graduate and Undergraduate Publications

The ensuing document presents the potential environmental impacts from a proposal submitted by the Free Flow Power Corporation of Massachusetts to the Federal Energy and Regulatory Commission for the development of a small-scale hydroelectric project on Ruth Creek, WA. Upon evaluating the existing conditions and likely effects of the proposed actions, we present an alternative solution of comparable cost and power generation, an enhancement of the earth-fill dam already in place on Cle Elum Reservoir, near of Roslyn, WA. Located in Whatcom County within Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest, the Ruth Creek tributary meanders from alpine settings at its glacial headwaters …


Asbestos-Laden Soil: A Case Study Analysis Of Swift Creek, Rebekah J. Hook Jan 2011

Asbestos-Laden Soil: A Case Study Analysis Of Swift Creek, Rebekah J. Hook

WWU Graduate School Collection

In the rural area of Whatcom County, Washington there is a naturally occurring asbestos site on the west side of Sumas Mountain. The asbestos laden-soil became airborne after a landslide occurred on the mountain causing asbestos-laden sediment to become loose and every year, one-hundred thousand cubic yards flows into the nearby Swift Creek. There are many stakeholders who are involved in developing mitigation policies. These include agency officials and elected representatives from a variety of levels of government and private property owners. This case study expands on the relationship between "less pressing" environmental issues and the types conditions that must …


Self Discrepancy And Narrative Repair, Lauren E. Jennings Jan 2011

Self Discrepancy And Narrative Repair, Lauren E. Jennings

WWU Graduate School Collection

Personal narratives have been shown to play an important role in creating a stable sense of self, yet little research has examined this in experimental designs. Thus, this study explored the utility of narrative, in comparison to other mechanisms (e.g., self-affirmation, distraction), for coping with threats to self-concept by examining affective and cognitive repair after experiencing a threat. Participants (N = 331) received false physiological feedback suggesting a prejudiced response to African Americans and obese people and were induced to complete one of five repair techniques. Participants also completed affect and self-concept measures pre-study, post-threat, and post-repair. Overall, threat-specific and …


Delayed Diagnoses In The Spectrum Of Gluten-Averse Conditions, Crystal L. (Crystal Leigh) Maki Jan 2011

Delayed Diagnoses In The Spectrum Of Gluten-Averse Conditions, Crystal L. (Crystal Leigh) Maki

WWU Graduate School Collection

Celiac Disease (CD), gluten allergy (GA), and non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) represent a highly varied disease grouping that affects individuals to varying degrees in response to the ingestion of certain cereal proteins (wheat, barley, rye, and sometimes oats). Generally, epidemiologic data on food allergy and intolerance is severely lacking; given current trends of under-diagnosis, prevalence of overt CD alone is estimated at 1-2% of European populations. There is a large and growing body of scientific literature that ascribes the complexity of various gluten-sensitive symptomology to multiple developmental pathways. This complexity translates largely in to delayed clinical diagnosis by medical professionals. …


Rationing The River: Evaluating Hybrid Instream Flow Programs In Colorado And Montana, Zachary Bruning Jan 2011

Rationing The River: Evaluating Hybrid Instream Flow Programs In Colorado And Montana, Zachary Bruning

WWU Graduate School Collection

Properly managing river water is one of the most important common pool resource issues in the Western United States. Historically, laws regulating water in the West have been biased toward diverting water out of stream for human consumption at the cost of de-watering and degrading rivers across the West. Several states have recognized the importance of leaving water instream and have taken action to support that cause. This study provides an examination of the hybrid instream flow programs used in Colorado and Montana to preserve and restore the health of rivers in those states. Using a case study approach each …


War And Peace: Assessing The Impact Of Pmc's On The Outcome Of Civil Conflicts, Jessica Shea Jan 2011

War And Peace: Assessing The Impact Of Pmc's On The Outcome Of Civil Conflicts, Jessica Shea

WWU Graduate School Collection

As a response to the proliferation of private military contractors (PMC's) operating in the global marketplace today, scholars have increased the range and scope of their studies on PMC's. Yet, to date there exists no body of literature that provides a comprehensive examination of how PMC's may potentially impact the outcome to a civil conflict. My essay establishes that PMC's may play very different roles within conflicts, which influence the outcome to a conflict, and does so by examining the cases of Military Professional Resources, Incorporated (MPRI) in the Balkans, Executive Outcomes (EO) in Angola and EO in Sierra Leone.


Preserving 'His Masters' Voice': The Archival Significance Of Master Recordings, Joseph Shay Jan 2011

Preserving 'His Masters' Voice': The Archival Significance Of Master Recordings, Joseph Shay

WWU Graduate School Collection

Master recordings as products created by the music industry are some of the greatest time capsules in American culture. Throughout the history of the music industry master recordings received little attention and were not appreciated for the informational and evidential values held within the recordings. American archival theory provides the solution to help prevent the loss of master recordings and hence the loss of a piece of America's culture. Through archival preservation and partnerships between record companies and independent archives, master recordings and the American culture contained within them have a better chance than ever of surviving for many years …


Geographies Of Governance Across La Amistad International Park, Lauren F. Miller Jan 2011

Geographies Of Governance Across La Amistad International Park, Lauren F. Miller

WWU Graduate School Collection

This research focused on levels of trust, participation levels, and the emergence of polycentric governance among buffer zone community stakeholders in a case study of La Amistad International Park in Costa Rica and Panama. In this investigation, I combined a human geography of regions perspective with Common Pool Resource (CPR) theory to analyze the management structure of a bi-national park (a UNESCO Biosphere and World Heritage Site) and its progress toward the UNESCO Biosphere goals. These goals focus on socio-economic development for human well-being and educational and research opportunities addressing global to local issues related to integrated conservation and development. …


Interpretive Seeing: Art In The Archive, Meryl C. Crayton Jan 2011

Interpretive Seeing: Art In The Archive, Meryl C. Crayton

WWU Graduate School Collection

According to recent historical research trends, the iconography within art offers researchers new insight into past events, behaviors, and ideologies. Images tend to capture aspects of the past absent from textual records. Paintings and drawings have been employed by the United States army, past political leaders, and Western explorers to record the surrounding social, political, and/or physical environment. And, paintings often carry ideological arguments and critiques on the surrounding political and economic environment. These art records are creations and participants in the surrounding socio-political environment. As institutions of collective memory and preservers of public documents, archives are obligated to preserve …


Self-Regulation Among Highly Prejudiced People: A Tool For The Amelioration Of Racial Bias, Kristina L. Silverbears Jan 2011

Self-Regulation Among Highly Prejudiced People: A Tool For The Amelioration Of Racial Bias, Kristina L. Silverbears

WWU Graduate School Collection

The source of motivation to respond without prejudice varies among individuals and is connected to their evaluations of biased materials. People who are highly internally motivated to respond without prejudice tend to be lower in prejudice than are people who are highly externally motivated. High internal motivation is typically associated with less biased responding, but when bias does occur feelings of self-directed negative emotions often result. For low prejudice people these self negative feelings can lead to a system of responses culminating in future self regulation. The same self-negative feelings do not function identically for people who are higher in …


Dendroclimatology Of Yellow Cedar (Callitropsis Nootkatensis) In The Pacific Northwest Of North America, Christopher S. Robertson Jan 2011

Dendroclimatology Of Yellow Cedar (Callitropsis Nootkatensis) In The Pacific Northwest Of North America, Christopher S. Robertson

WWU Graduate School Collection

As the oldest known conifer species in the Pacific Northwest (PNW), yellow cedar (Callitropsis nootkatensis (D. Don) (Spach)) represent an underexploited paleoclimate resource of significant dendroclimatological value. This is the first dendroclimatological study of high elevation yellow cedar within the North Cascades of Washington. In addition, I explored the coherence of yellow-cedar chronologies at the regional scale. I established master tree-ring chronologies and radial-growth characteristics of 50 high-elevation yellow cedars from four sites along the west slope of the North Cascades. Significant (p≤0.05) mean inter-series (r̄=0.61) and inter-site (r̄=0.75) correlations in radial-growth pattern revealed a common limiting factor to yellow-cedar …


Measuring Smoking-Related Attentional Bias With A Change Detection Task, Gordon T. Barker Jan 2011

Measuring Smoking-Related Attentional Bias With A Change Detection Task, Gordon T. Barker

WWU Graduate School Collection

Despite well known health risks, cigarette smoking remains very prevalent in the United States. In addition, those who attempt to quite are very likely to relapse. Cognitive predictors have not been well examined to date, despite evidence from the Incentive- Sensitization model of addiction that cognitive processes play a large role in relapse and continued addictive behavior (Robinson & Berridge, 1993). To address if the cognitive adaptations involved in the Incentive-Sensitization model are permanent or semi-permanent, this current study examined the abilities of current smokers (n = 15), former smokers (n = 13), and never smokers (n = 15) to …


Archival Education And Outreach: Promoting Communal Identity Through Education, Serra H. Hagedorn Jan 2011

Archival Education And Outreach: Promoting Communal Identity Through Education, Serra H. Hagedorn

WWU Graduate School Collection

Archival outreach programs serve a key role in the preservation and promotion of public history. Community based educational programs sponsored and implemented by archival repositories allow actual, as well as potential, patrons to learn about their local history and to familiarize themselves with archival materials. It is the purpose of this thesis to explore the postmodern archival perspective and to propose universal program models which can be adapted to facilitate educational outreach in archival repositories of various staff sizes and organizational affiliations. This study will appraise the similarities and differences of a variety of current public outreach programs with a …


Assessing The Potential For Effective Collaborative Resource Management Of Costa Rica's Central Pacific Scarlet Macaw Population, Kathryn Mork Jan 2011

Assessing The Potential For Effective Collaborative Resource Management Of Costa Rica's Central Pacific Scarlet Macaw Population, Kathryn Mork

WWU Graduate School Collection

Establishing protected areas is one of the primary methods of protecting wildlife and preserving biodiversity and habitat worldwide. However, in recent years it has been recognized that not all protected areas are successful, for reasons ranging from a lack of resources to properly manage them, to the fact that areas are often too small to sustain animal populations, with many animals ranging beyond the borders of the protected areas. These issues have been addressed in a number of ways, including encouraging community involvement in management efforts and the development of conservation corridors and buffer zones to increase habitat availability. Collaborations …


Moving Like A Kid Again : An Analysis Of Parkour As Free-Form Adult Play, Margaret E. Kelley Jan 2011

Moving Like A Kid Again : An Analysis Of Parkour As Free-Form Adult Play, Margaret E. Kelley

WWU Graduate School Collection

Parkour is a sport that developed in France in the late 1980s that is described as "the art of movement." The objective of the participant is to choose a route of their own making, from an arbitrary Point A to Point B, and move through that route as efficiently as possible, overcoming any obstacles that are along the way. As of 2011, Parkour has become an international pastime, with practitioners, called "traceurs," participating all over the world. This thesis proposes that Parkour is a form of play, specifically locomotor play. The movements that make up this type of play are …


Thinking Outside The Boxes: Barriers To Inclusion For Persons With Physical Impairments In Higher Education, Robert T. (Robert Timothy) Wunschel Jan 2011

Thinking Outside The Boxes: Barriers To Inclusion For Persons With Physical Impairments In Higher Education, Robert T. (Robert Timothy) Wunschel

WWU Graduate School Collection

Since passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act in 1990 the participation rate of students with physical impairments in higher education has remained static or declined. Though a number of potential issues have been identified most research tends to focus on classrooms, building interiors, and technology rather than exterior landscapes and fiscal policies that treat all students the same way. Most studies have also lacked theoretical rigor, relying instead on models of disability and statistics to explain their data, rather than on an extensive body of community based, multidisciplinary studies employing urban theories of space and place. Using space and …


Differences In Anti-Fat Attitudes Among Healthcare Providers And General Students, Jessica C. Silks Jan 2011

Differences In Anti-Fat Attitudes Among Healthcare Providers And General Students, Jessica C. Silks

WWU Graduate School Collection

Weight bias is prevalent, detrimental, and resistant to change. This study provided a general student sample and a healthcare provider sample with information about behavioral, environmental, or biogenetic causes of obesity to compare resulting anti-fat attitudes. Across conditions, the healthcare providers were less likely to agree that obesity is personally controlled, and demonstrated more positive implicit attitudes than did the general students. Among general students, implicit anti-fat attitudes were impervious to reduction efforts across article conditions. Among healthcare providers, implicit anti-fat attitudes improved with biogenetic explanations and did not worsen with behavioral explanations relative to the control group. No such …


Is There Power In Perception?: Perceived Economic Condition And Perceived Immigrant Population Their Impact On Negative Attitudes Towards Immigrants, Joshua Martin Jan 2011

Is There Power In Perception?: Perceived Economic Condition And Perceived Immigrant Population Their Impact On Negative Attitudes Towards Immigrants, Joshua Martin

WWU Graduate School Collection

This study examines some of the potential underlying conditions that trigger prejudice against immigrants in Western Europe. The specific factors of economic concerns and perceptions of immigration population are used to generate three hypotheses 1) that economic concerns and perceptions of large immigrant populations drive negative attitude formation toward immigrants, and these factors are especially acute when they interact, 2) the two factors contribute to negative attitude formation regardless of societal context, and 3) that the two factors of study are not spurious and are able to withstand the factoring in of exclusionary variables. The study uses the 2008 wave …


The Jewish Impact On The Social And Economic Manifestation Of The Gibraltarian Identity, Andrea Hernandez Jan 2011

The Jewish Impact On The Social And Economic Manifestation Of The Gibraltarian Identity, Andrea Hernandez

WWU Graduate School Collection

The diverse fabric of life which comprises Gibraltar encompasses various ethnic backgrounds including but not limited to; Maltese, East Indian, Moroccan, Italian, Spaniard, and Sephardic Jews. The aim of this thesis is to examine the contribution of the Sephardic Jew in respect to the cultural and economic development of the Gibraltarian. This is accomplished by highlighting the historical relationships between the countries of Spain, England, and Morocco with their Jewish population, and secondly by using both primary and secondary research materials to delve into the daily life of a Sephardic Jew during the early colonial development of Gibraltar between 1704 …


The Documentation Of Tragedy In The Archives: Exploring The Records Of The Campus Shooting On Northern Illinois University, Collective Memory, And The Archivist, Michael Folkerts Jan 2011

The Documentation Of Tragedy In The Archives: Exploring The Records Of The Campus Shooting On Northern Illinois University, Collective Memory, And The Archivist, Michael Folkerts

WWU Graduate School Collection

Archivists play a pivotal role in documenting collective memory through the records they preserve. With this responsibility, it is necessary for the profession to be active in their duties if they wish to preserve a more encompassing memory of an event, and is especially true in emotionally delicate, tragic situations. This paper explores collective memory in its relation to tragedy, and its effects on the archivist. It then looks at the archival collection of the campus shooting that took place at Northern Illinois University in early 2008. Through interviews and studying the records of the collection, it is shown how …