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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Wildlife Governance And The Politics Of Transborder Commons: The Gray Wolf Case, Jenni Pelc
Wildlife Governance And The Politics Of Transborder Commons: The Gray Wolf Case, Jenni Pelc
WWU Graduate School Collection
Wildlife management north and south of the Border is markedly different and is a direct reflection of the respective political systems. This variance in governance structures on either side of the border makes coordination, implementation, and management of transborder natural resources difficult. Transborder wildlife, particularly those shared across international borders, present many challenges to their successful management. Environmental governance scholars have indicated that a shift to more "fluid" polycentric governance, or multiple centers of governance among several smaller jurisdictions, may be more effective than governance through a single large structure. The following questions were used to guide (1) a sub-national …
The Recipe For Erms Sustainability: A Survey Of How Organizations Have Implemented Electronic Records Systems, Danelle Court
The Recipe For Erms Sustainability: A Survey Of How Organizations Have Implemented Electronic Records Systems, Danelle Court
WWU Graduate School Collection
Electronic records inundate our daily lives and our organizations. Management of these electronic records, however, is often inadequate. Electronic records management systems are a tool that can help effectively manage electronic records, and many organizations are starting to implement an electronic records management system in order to become more efficient and effective. How can one make the electronic records system successful and sustainable? To address these concerns, the author conducted an Electronic Records System Survey, with over four hundred participants. The responses suggest five components that can make an electronic records system sustainable in an organization: 1. Visible leadership and …
The Delicate State Of The Nation-State: A Discourse Analysis Of The Parti Québécois From 1960-2000, Kristina Perkins
The Delicate State Of The Nation-State: A Discourse Analysis Of The Parti Québécois From 1960-2000, Kristina Perkins
WWU Graduate School Collection
This paper explores the changes that Québécois nationalism has experienced between 1960 and 2000 as reflected in the discourse of the Parti Québécois (PQ). The hypothesis of this study holds that the provincial and federal political environment has affected the issues that are emphasized in nationalism discourse in Québec. The leaders of the PQ are likely to emphasize the economic or state-building potential of the province when Québec is on the brink of a sovereignty referendum or a constitutional reform initiative. Cultural references, such as language or history, are assumed to be emphasized when the PQ is not in power, …
Asbestos-Laden Soil: A Case Study Analysis Of Swift Creek, Rebekah J. Hook
Asbestos-Laden Soil: A Case Study Analysis Of Swift Creek, Rebekah J. Hook
WWU Graduate School Collection
In the rural area of Whatcom County, Washington there is a naturally occurring asbestos site on the west side of Sumas Mountain. The asbestos laden-soil became airborne after a landslide occurred on the mountain causing asbestos-laden sediment to become loose and every year, one-hundred thousand cubic yards flows into the nearby Swift Creek. There are many stakeholders who are involved in developing mitigation policies. These include agency officials and elected representatives from a variety of levels of government and private property owners. This case study expands on the relationship between "less pressing" environmental issues and the types conditions that must …
Self Discrepancy And Narrative Repair, Lauren E. Jennings
Self Discrepancy And Narrative Repair, Lauren E. Jennings
WWU Graduate School Collection
Personal narratives have been shown to play an important role in creating a stable sense of self, yet little research has examined this in experimental designs. Thus, this study explored the utility of narrative, in comparison to other mechanisms (e.g., self-affirmation, distraction), for coping with threats to self-concept by examining affective and cognitive repair after experiencing a threat. Participants (N = 331) received false physiological feedback suggesting a prejudiced response to African Americans and obese people and were induced to complete one of five repair techniques. Participants also completed affect and self-concept measures pre-study, post-threat, and post-repair. Overall, threat-specific and …
Bis-Bas, Dispositional Influences On Cardiac Reactivity To Naturally Occurring Stressors, Nicholas P. (Nicholas Peter) Goodman
Bis-Bas, Dispositional Influences On Cardiac Reactivity To Naturally Occurring Stressors, Nicholas P. (Nicholas Peter) Goodman
WWU Graduate School Collection
Research has relied primarily on laboratory settings to examine how emotions and physiology are affected by acute experiences of stress. This is because it is difficult to manipulate acute stress outside the lab and without a discrete manipulation it is difficult to measure physiological and emotional arousal during acute stress. This study found evidence that everyday stress predicts temporary changes in blood pressure. The purpose of this study was to investigate Gray's (1987) behavioral inhibition (BIS) and behavioral activation (BAS) systems, and to identify divergent cardiovascular and emotional outcomes to natural stressors for each of these systems. The data from …
Archival Education And Outreach: Promoting Communal Identity Through Education, Serra H. Hagedorn
Archival Education And Outreach: Promoting Communal Identity Through Education, Serra H. Hagedorn
WWU Graduate School Collection
Archival outreach programs serve a key role in the preservation and promotion of public history. Community based educational programs sponsored and implemented by archival repositories allow actual, as well as potential, patrons to learn about their local history and to familiarize themselves with archival materials. It is the purpose of this thesis to explore the postmodern archival perspective and to propose universal program models which can be adapted to facilitate educational outreach in archival repositories of various staff sizes and organizational affiliations. This study will appraise the similarities and differences of a variety of current public outreach programs with a …
Deserving Of Trust: Ethics In The American Archival Profession, Rachel E. (Rachel Elizabeth) Thompson
Deserving Of Trust: Ethics In The American Archival Profession, Rachel E. (Rachel Elizabeth) Thompson
WWU Graduate School Collection
This thesis explores ways in which the American archival profession, through the Society of American Archivists (SAA), can promote the trustworthiness of archives and archivists. The further professionalization, which involves the creation of a cohesive organization, standards, and a code of ethics, of the archival field is one proposed starting point. Currently, SAA is already on the path of professionalization. For some occupations, professionalization also includes the enforcement of standards and ethics, as well as the certification of members. I argue that for the American archival profession, however, these are not the paths to take. Enforcement and certification require infrastructure …
Assessing The Potential For Effective Collaborative Resource Management Of Costa Rica's Central Pacific Scarlet Macaw Population, Kathryn Mork
WWU Graduate School Collection
Establishing protected areas is one of the primary methods of protecting wildlife and preserving biodiversity and habitat worldwide. However, in recent years it has been recognized that not all protected areas are successful, for reasons ranging from a lack of resources to properly manage them, to the fact that areas are often too small to sustain animal populations, with many animals ranging beyond the borders of the protected areas. These issues have been addressed in a number of ways, including encouraging community involvement in management efforts and the development of conservation corridors and buffer zones to increase habitat availability. Collaborations …
Foča Bosnia-Herzegovina: Presentations Of Identity In Survivor Narratives And Testimony, Francesca Leaf
Foča Bosnia-Herzegovina: Presentations Of Identity In Survivor Narratives And Testimony, Francesca Leaf
WWU Graduate School Collection
In April of 1992 the Foča municipality of Bosnia-Herzegovina was taken over by the ultranationalist Bosnian Serb, Serb and Montenegrin forces. As part of a larger strategy of genocide, the ultranationalist forces systematically raped and sexually abused the Bosniak girls and women of Foča. The systematic rapes perpetrated in the Foča municipality are representative of the larger pattern of rape during the 1992-1995 genocide in Bosnia-Herzegovina. The use of rape as a tactical force of war in the Foča municipality garnered international media attention; resulting in a wealth of literature, interviews with survivors and the International Criminal Tribunal for the …
Irregular Tessellated Surface Model Map Algebras To Define Flow Directions And Delineate Catchments Using Lidar Bare Earth Sample Points, Gerald B. Gabrisch
Irregular Tessellated Surface Model Map Algebras To Define Flow Directions And Delineate Catchments Using Lidar Bare Earth Sample Points, Gerald B. Gabrisch
WWU Graduate School Collection
Flow directions and catchment algorithms have historically utilized raster-based data models. A significant body of literature focuses on raster-based interpolation errors, and the subsequent surface reconditioning to compensate for those errors, that together degrade the accuracy of the derived flow directions and catchments. This research seeks to improve upon the raster-based approach by developing and evaluating a vector-based approach to generating flow directions and delineating catchments that preserves the accuracy of the input point data through the use of irregular tessellated surface models. Specifically, the Python computer programming language was used in conjunction with a geographic information system (GIS) to …
Differences In Anti-Fat Attitudes Among Healthcare Providers And General Students, Jessica C. Silks
Differences In Anti-Fat Attitudes Among Healthcare Providers And General Students, Jessica C. Silks
WWU Graduate School Collection
Weight bias is prevalent, detrimental, and resistant to change. This study provided a general student sample and a healthcare provider sample with information about behavioral, environmental, or biogenetic causes of obesity to compare resulting anti-fat attitudes. Across conditions, the healthcare providers were less likely to agree that obesity is personally controlled, and demonstrated more positive implicit attitudes than did the general students. Among general students, implicit anti-fat attitudes were impervious to reduction efforts across article conditions. Among healthcare providers, implicit anti-fat attitudes improved with biogenetic explanations and did not worsen with behavioral explanations relative to the control group. No such …
Delayed Diagnoses In The Spectrum Of Gluten-Averse Conditions, Crystal L. (Crystal Leigh) Maki
Delayed Diagnoses In The Spectrum Of Gluten-Averse Conditions, Crystal L. (Crystal Leigh) Maki
WWU Graduate School Collection
Celiac Disease (CD), gluten allergy (GA), and non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) represent a highly varied disease grouping that affects individuals to varying degrees in response to the ingestion of certain cereal proteins (wheat, barley, rye, and sometimes oats). Generally, epidemiologic data on food allergy and intolerance is severely lacking; given current trends of under-diagnosis, prevalence of overt CD alone is estimated at 1-2% of European populations. There is a large and growing body of scientific literature that ascribes the complexity of various gluten-sensitive symptomology to multiple developmental pathways. This complexity translates largely in to delayed clinical diagnosis by medical professionals. …
Gaining Perspective: Incidents That Damage The Therapeutic Alliance As Described By Male Mental Health Clients, Michelle (Michelle Ann) Richards
Gaining Perspective: Incidents That Damage The Therapeutic Alliance As Described By Male Mental Health Clients, Michelle (Michelle Ann) Richards
WWU Graduate School Collection
This study investigated what incidents male clients found to be most detrimental to the formation or strengthening of the alliance with their mental health care providers, using an abbreviated version of the qualitative critical incident technique (a written form focusing on hindering incidents). Participants were 86 adult (M = 36.87 years old) male outpatients. Most (90.7%) were receiving individual counseling or psychotherapy at the time of the study. A total of 76 critical incident statements were extracted. After redundant statements were eliminated, 56 statements remained. The statements were sorted into categories by three participants and two researchers, according to what …
Cemeteries As Archives: Who Says Dead Men Tell No Tales?, Andrea Chaddock
Cemeteries As Archives: Who Says Dead Men Tell No Tales?, Andrea Chaddock
WWU Graduate School Collection
Cemeteries are more than just the final resting place of our ancestors; many scholarly fields have found the cemetery to be a valuable historical resource. The cemetery contains a wealth of information, including the personal stories of those buried there, the actions of the organization that created it, and the beliefs of the people in the community to which it belongs. In many cases, the cemetery is the only remaining documentary evidence about a person or a group of people. The archival profession has tasked itself with preserving the documentary heritage of the full spectrum of society, but it has …
Rationing The River: Evaluating Hybrid Instream Flow Programs In Colorado And Montana, Zachary Bruning
Rationing The River: Evaluating Hybrid Instream Flow Programs In Colorado And Montana, Zachary Bruning
WWU Graduate School Collection
Properly managing river water is one of the most important common pool resource issues in the Western United States. Historically, laws regulating water in the West have been biased toward diverting water out of stream for human consumption at the cost of de-watering and degrading rivers across the West. Several states have recognized the importance of leaving water instream and have taken action to support that cause. This study provides an examination of the hybrid instream flow programs used in Colorado and Montana to preserve and restore the health of rivers in those states. Using a case study approach each …
Appraising Archivists: Documentation And The Need For Accountability In The Appraisal Process, Samantha N. Cross
Appraising Archivists: Documentation And The Need For Accountability In The Appraisal Process, Samantha N. Cross
WWU Graduate School Collection
Appraisal is one of the first steps in archival processing and arguably the most crucial. Embedded in this process are two concepts fundamental to archives: power of the archivist over the collection and trust, by the public, in the archivist to make decisions regarding the historical record. Justification for decisions regarding appraisal, however, are lacking and archivists have yet to make any headway in establishing a means of accountability. Through the implementation of a formalized appraisal report, archivists can thoroughly document the appraisal process while simultaneously justifying their decisions to the greater archival communities and the public at large. This …
War And Peace: Assessing The Impact Of Pmc's On The Outcome Of Civil Conflicts, Jessica Shea
War And Peace: Assessing The Impact Of Pmc's On The Outcome Of Civil Conflicts, Jessica Shea
WWU Graduate School Collection
As a response to the proliferation of private military contractors (PMC's) operating in the global marketplace today, scholars have increased the range and scope of their studies on PMC's. Yet, to date there exists no body of literature that provides a comprehensive examination of how PMC's may potentially impact the outcome to a civil conflict. My essay establishes that PMC's may play very different roles within conflicts, which influence the outcome to a conflict, and does so by examining the cases of Military Professional Resources, Incorporated (MPRI) in the Balkans, Executive Outcomes (EO) in Angola and EO in Sierra Leone.
Bivalve Growth-Stages As A Measure Of Harvesting Intensity: Application On The Southern Northwest Coast, Shona D. (Shona Dejeanne) Pierce
Bivalve Growth-Stages As A Measure Of Harvesting Intensity: Application On The Southern Northwest Coast, Shona D. (Shona Dejeanne) Pierce
WWU Graduate School Collection
Prehistoric settlements along the Pacific Northwest Coast have produced some of the clearest records for study on human subsistence use, such as harvesting practices (Butler 2000; Cannon et al. 2008; Croes 1992; Moss 1993; Wesson 1988). The archaeological and ethnographic records in this region have produced artifacts and oral accounts that have led scientists to logical conclusions about specific types of subsistence use. In turn, subsistence use data can tell us many things about a society, including population size, longevity of settlement and site function. Intensities in subsistence practices can also show whether an area was used as a long-term, …
The Documentation Of Tragedy In The Archives: Exploring The Records Of The Campus Shooting On Northern Illinois University, Collective Memory, And The Archivist, Michael Folkerts
The Documentation Of Tragedy In The Archives: Exploring The Records Of The Campus Shooting On Northern Illinois University, Collective Memory, And The Archivist, Michael Folkerts
WWU Graduate School Collection
Archivists play a pivotal role in documenting collective memory through the records they preserve. With this responsibility, it is necessary for the profession to be active in their duties if they wish to preserve a more encompassing memory of an event, and is especially true in emotionally delicate, tragic situations. This paper explores collective memory in its relation to tragedy, and its effects on the archivist. It then looks at the archival collection of the campus shooting that took place at Northern Illinois University in early 2008. Through interviews and studying the records of the collection, it is shown how …
Examining Illicit Cross-Border Drug Flows Within The Pacific Northwest, Joseph P. (Joseph Patrick) Larsen
Examining Illicit Cross-Border Drug Flows Within The Pacific Northwest, Joseph P. (Joseph Patrick) Larsen
WWU Graduate School Collection
After the attacks of September 11th, 2001 the American government placed a new emphasis upon domestic security and scrutiny soon fell upon the US-Canada border. From 2001 to 2011 there has been a great expansion of border security on the US-Canada border. It is the objective of this thesis to examine how increases in security along the US-Canada border following 9/11 have affected or changed drug smuggling in the Pacific Northwest. It is the central hypothesis of this thesis that the smuggling of drugs produced in British Columbia for American markets has been pushed into the interior of the Pacific …
Preserving 'His Masters' Voice': The Archival Significance Of Master Recordings, Joseph Shay
Preserving 'His Masters' Voice': The Archival Significance Of Master Recordings, Joseph Shay
WWU Graduate School Collection
Master recordings as products created by the music industry are some of the greatest time capsules in American culture. Throughout the history of the music industry master recordings received little attention and were not appreciated for the informational and evidential values held within the recordings. American archival theory provides the solution to help prevent the loss of master recordings and hence the loss of a piece of America's culture. Through archival preservation and partnerships between record companies and independent archives, master recordings and the American culture contained within them have a better chance than ever of surviving for many years …
Unruly Men, Improper Patriarchs: Male Witches In Colonial New England, Rachel E. (Rachel Elizabeth) Lilley
Unruly Men, Improper Patriarchs: Male Witches In Colonial New England, Rachel E. (Rachel Elizabeth) Lilley
WWU Graduate School Collection
Set against the backdrop of the now infamous seventeenth-century witch-panic in Salem, Massachusetts, this thesis argues for a new conceptualization of the men who were accused of witchcraft. Rather than considering men as adjuncts to female actors in this narrative, or feminizing them to explain the accusations against them, this thesis argues that it was often their performance of hyper-masculinity put them at risk. Despite this focus, this thesis knits together a complex web of contextual and behavioral threads to explain accusations of witchcraft made against men in colonial New England. Additionally, this thesis argues that the writings of American …
Moving Like A Kid Again : An Analysis Of Parkour As Free-Form Adult Play, Margaret E. Kelley
Moving Like A Kid Again : An Analysis Of Parkour As Free-Form Adult Play, Margaret E. Kelley
WWU Graduate School Collection
Parkour is a sport that developed in France in the late 1980s that is described as "the art of movement." The objective of the participant is to choose a route of their own making, from an arbitrary Point A to Point B, and move through that route as efficiently as possible, overcoming any obstacles that are along the way. As of 2011, Parkour has become an international pastime, with practitioners, called "traceurs," participating all over the world. This thesis proposes that Parkour is a form of play, specifically locomotor play. The movements that make up this type of play are …
Thinking Outside The Boxes: Barriers To Inclusion For Persons With Physical Impairments In Higher Education, Robert T. (Robert Timothy) Wunschel
Thinking Outside The Boxes: Barriers To Inclusion For Persons With Physical Impairments In Higher Education, Robert T. (Robert Timothy) Wunschel
WWU Graduate School Collection
Since passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act in 1990 the participation rate of students with physical impairments in higher education has remained static or declined. Though a number of potential issues have been identified most research tends to focus on classrooms, building interiors, and technology rather than exterior landscapes and fiscal policies that treat all students the same way. Most studies have also lacked theoretical rigor, relying instead on models of disability and statistics to explain their data, rather than on an extensive body of community based, multidisciplinary studies employing urban theories of space and place. Using space and …
Geographies Of Governance Across La Amistad International Park, Lauren F. Miller
Geographies Of Governance Across La Amistad International Park, Lauren F. Miller
WWU Graduate School Collection
This research focused on levels of trust, participation levels, and the emergence of polycentric governance among buffer zone community stakeholders in a case study of La Amistad International Park in Costa Rica and Panama. In this investigation, I combined a human geography of regions perspective with Common Pool Resource (CPR) theory to analyze the management structure of a bi-national park (a UNESCO Biosphere and World Heritage Site) and its progress toward the UNESCO Biosphere goals. These goals focus on socio-economic development for human well-being and educational and research opportunities addressing global to local issues related to integrated conservation and development. …
Defining The Contours Of The National Surveillance State: Analyzing The Development Of Electronic Surveillance, Brett Rubio
Defining The Contours Of The National Surveillance State: Analyzing The Development Of Electronic Surveillance, Brett Rubio
WWU Graduate School Collection
The theory of a National Surveillance State, as provided by Balkin and Levinson, provides a broad framework for understanding the increased use and implications of electronic surveillance by the United States government. This thesis traces the development of electronic surveillance in the United States and evaluates how certain provisions of the Patriot Act have reduced privacy rights and have empowered the Executive branch with greater authority. As established by the theory of a National Surveillance State, the need for electronic surveillance is evident, yet it should be conducted within the context of constitutional protections of individual rights and political checks …
The Jewish Impact On The Social And Economic Manifestation Of The Gibraltarian Identity, Andrea Hernandez
The Jewish Impact On The Social And Economic Manifestation Of The Gibraltarian Identity, Andrea Hernandez
WWU Graduate School Collection
The diverse fabric of life which comprises Gibraltar encompasses various ethnic backgrounds including but not limited to; Maltese, East Indian, Moroccan, Italian, Spaniard, and Sephardic Jews. The aim of this thesis is to examine the contribution of the Sephardic Jew in respect to the cultural and economic development of the Gibraltarian. This is accomplished by highlighting the historical relationships between the countries of Spain, England, and Morocco with their Jewish population, and secondly by using both primary and secondary research materials to delve into the daily life of a Sephardic Jew during the early colonial development of Gibraltar between 1704 …
Developing A Resilience Framework To Analyze Farmer Perspectives On Threat And Vulnerability To Catastrophic Events In Western Washington State, Bryant Hammond
Developing A Resilience Framework To Analyze Farmer Perspectives On Threat And Vulnerability To Catastrophic Events In Western Washington State, Bryant Hammond
WWU Graduate School Collection
Agriculture plays an important role in Western Washington's culture, economy, and environment. However, agriculture as it has been practiced over its 150-year history in the region is currently threatened by several changes differing in severity and onset speed. This thesis examines the adaptation of farmers to the changing system in which they are situated by exploring how they view vulnerability and threat; what strategies they suggest might aid in adaptation; and how farmers situate themselves and their operations within larger socio-ecological systems. I derive my data from disaster planning workshops in which farmers from each of three counties participated in …
Measuring Smoking-Related Attentional Bias With A Change Detection Task, Gordon T. Barker
Measuring Smoking-Related Attentional Bias With A Change Detection Task, Gordon T. Barker
WWU Graduate School Collection
Despite well known health risks, cigarette smoking remains very prevalent in the United States. In addition, those who attempt to quite are very likely to relapse. Cognitive predictors have not been well examined to date, despite evidence from the Incentive- Sensitization model of addiction that cognitive processes play a large role in relapse and continued addictive behavior (Robinson & Berridge, 1993). To address if the cognitive adaptations involved in the Incentive-Sensitization model are permanent or semi-permanent, this current study examined the abilities of current smokers (n = 15), former smokers (n = 13), and never smokers (n = 15) to …