Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Personality Dimensions And Attributional Styles In Individuals With And Without Gender Dysphoria, Siamak Khodarahimi, Hassan Ali Veiskarami, Maria Mercedes Ovejero Bruna

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

This research investigates personality dimensions and attributional styles among individuals with and without gender dysphoria in relationship to gender, educational level, and ethnicity. Participants were 60 men and women with and without gender dysphoria. A demographic sheet and two inventories were used. Results showed that patients with gender dysphoria had significantly higher neuroticism and lower agreeableness compared with individuals without gender dysphoria. No significance differences in extraversion, openness to experience, and conscientiousness (based on the “big five” personality model) were found between those with and without gender dysphoria. Also, individuals without gender dysphoria had higher positive attributional styles compared to …

Re-Reading The Map Of Middle-Earth: Fan Cartography's Engagement With Tolkien's Legendarium, Stentor Danielson

Journal of Tolkien Research

J.R.R. Tolkien provided an elaborate textual history for his writings about Middle-earth, but did not do so for his now-iconic maps. This paper examines how this difference, in concert with the general tendency of readers to treat maps as objective records of geography, has manifested in Tolkien's work and fan works based upon it. An examination of fan cartography shows a strong tendency to treat the published maps as records of geographical fact rather than historical documents from within Middle-earth.

An Examination Of Leadership Theories In Business And Sport Achievement Contexts, Mary Kovach

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

This manuscript examines the impact of transformational leadership in multiple contexts, specifically business and competitive sport. An overview of eight major leadership theories discussed date from the 1940s to the present date. These leadership theories include the trait theories, behavioral theories, the path-goal theory, the leader-member exchange theory, authentic leadership, servant leadership, situational leadership, and transformational leadership. Within these contexts, nine studies highlighted the value of transformational leadership. The review contains a variety of large-scale, multi-site, individual studies as well as meta-analyses on a global scale that are all related to transformational leadership. These studies demonstrate how transformational leadership transcends …

Trust In Transformational Leadership: Do Followers’ Perceptions Of Leader Femininity, Masculinity, And Androgyny Matter?, Ghulam Mustafa, Babar Nazir

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

This paper takes an authenticity perspective to examine whether followers’ perceptions of a leader’s feminine, masculine, or androgynous characteristics influence the relationship between transformational leadership and followers’ perceived trust in the leader. The research was quantitative in approach. A cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data from employees from different public and private sector organizations in Pakistan. The findings show that the relationship between transformational leadership and trust is weaker when followers perceive leaders to be high on masculine and androgynous attributes. Leaders’ femininity was found to have a positive effect in the relationship of transformational leadership with trust …

Prosocial Behaviors: Their Motivations And Impacts On Organizational Culture, Jennifer C. Vieweg

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

According to the International Corrupt Perceptions Index 2017, more than six billion people are living countries that are plagued by corruption (International Corrupt Perceptions Index, 2017). In an altruistic model of leadership, leaders act with the express intent of helping other people (Johnson, 2015). Within this model, good works manifest themselves as prosocial behaviors or “voluntary behavior(s) intended to benefit another and consisting of actions that benefit others or society” (Schminke, Arnaud, & Taylor, 2014, p. 730). These prosocial behaviors can create collaborative and inspirational environments (Axelsson & Axelsson, 2009), facilitate collectivism (Clarkson, 2014), and contribute to the long-term sustainability …

Leadership Styles And Effectiveness Among Sub-Saharan African Employees, Samuel Fadare

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

This study sought to determine whether a significant relationship exists between dimensions of transactional and transformational leadership styles and leadership effectiveness within sub-Saharan Africa. Dimensions of transactional and transformational leadership styles were moderated by dimensions of organizational commitment among Nigerian employees to produce effective leadership. The study confirmed that no significant relationship existed between dimensions of transactional and transformational leadership styles and effective leadership among Nigerian employees when moderated by dimensions of organizational commitment. Gender was also found to be the only control variable that had a significant relationship when predicting organizational commitment as well as effective leadership among Nigerian …

Trouble's Clarion Call For Leaders: Jo Ann Robinson And The Montgomery Bus Boycott, Rita White Carver

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

Turbulent times are part of the human experience. They provide what Useem calls the "leadership moment" when one is given the opportunity to define who one is (1998). For Jo Ann Robinson, that leadership moment came personally in 1949, and publicly in 1955 when she transformed her trauma into a pro-social action of change (Williams and Allen, 2015). This article is a historical narrative inquiry into the life of Robinson who launched the Montgomery boycott and helped start the civil rights movement. The article tells the rest of the story beyond Parks and King, and explores the question: How did …

Authentic Leadership And Leadership Ethics: Proposing A New Perspective, Don Bosco Onyalla

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

Authentic leadership is considered a new field of leadership research. Its formative status makes it possible to attract unique commentary and re-examination. Based on a comparison between authentic leadership and leadership ethics and focusing on the theoretical perspective of authentic leadership, this essay argues for a new perspective of authentic leadership. Consistencies resulting from the comparison serve to reinforce this essay’s central argument, namely, that just as ethics is central to all forms leadership, the main perspectives and components of authentic leadership as well as factors that influence it are also central to the various leadership approaches. In other words, …

Methodology And Applications Of Christian Leadership Ethics, Elmar Nass, Ellen Kreuer

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

A fundamental methodology for Christian leadership ethics will be proposed, which has long been pending in the discourse on ethical leadership. It is necessary to first clarify what characterizes leadership ethics, and secondly, what Christian leadership ethics imply and how this methodology should be classified with regard to alternative paradigms. Thirdly, the practical impact for selected areas of application will be pointed out. It will be demonstrated that leadership ethics in general is based on a transparent basis of values and apply to specific scopes. It defines the relationship between economic efficiency and human utility in a narrower sense as …

Leadership Ethos And Culturally Oriented Strategic Management: A Conceptual Framework And Research Propositions, Ken Kalala Ndalamba

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

This paper identifies the importance of Leadership Ethos (LE) as a backbone for Culturally Oriented Strategic Management (COSM). The paper begins by presenting the concept of LE, it then briefly discusses vision and values, two amongst the attributes of LE. This is followed by discussion of the relationship between LE and COSM. The discussion arrives at four testable propositions. The paper offers four action steps for the practice of LE aiming at establishing COSM before concluding with a summary of its contributions, calling for scholars and practitioners to invest in exploring the understanding and practice of LE. This is an …

It’S Like Déjà Vu All Over Again: Seismic Changes In The American Experiment, David King

Bridge/Work

“I’ve never seen anything like this.” “Is this the end of the country?”

In 2016, it seemed that both of those statements, or something similar, was on the tongues of nearly every American. No matter who you supported, there seemed to be something entirely new about the election cycle that the nation found itself in. There is no doubt that for this generation, the 2016 election is a watershed moment for the United States. For the U.S., however, watershed moments in democracy are not the exception but the rule. To fully understand how our democracy transitions, one must return to …

Empathy Institutionalized: Sociocultural Dialogue As A Strategic Peacebuilding Initiative, Emily Owens

Bridge/Work

A common adage used in psychological exploration tells us that “If you want to know the end, look at the beginning.” While typically employed to emphasize the importance of upbringing and environment on personal outcomes, this phrase can be equally applicable in examining the ways in which society has developed over time to produce our polarized sociopolitical culture of today. This work explores from an integrative psychosocial perspective the potential that exists in working to define a new “end” by shaping a new “beginning,” through going directly to the institutions that comprise our own beginnings— schools. Through a combined research …

Conversations That Matter: How A Thriving Public Sphere Makes Better Citizens And Better Neighbors, Kylie Schreiber

Bridge/Work

While it is true that the most recent presidential election cycle highlighted deeply rooted divisions lying in our American democracy, there is more to this separation than politics. Globalization and polarization have acted as catalysts, in part, to the decline of neighborliness and citizenship in America. I argue that a return to the “public” sphere in local communities can remedy this. This paper tests this theory by strategically selecting public policies and civic engagement activities that attempt to accomplish this goal of returning to the public and evaluating them on their ability to do so.

There are important questions about …