Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

The Effects Of Prenatal Stress On The Size Of The Corpus Callosum, Richard K. Rowe Ii

Master's Theses

The effects of prenatal stress on the size of the corpus callosum in rats was investigated using a prenatal heat, light, and restraint stress paradigm that influences the fetal hormonal milieu (Ward, 1972). Females were stressed thrice daily from Day 15 of pregnancy until parturition. Control females were left unstressed throughout their pregnancies. In adulthood (M = 223.16 days of age), male and female offspring from the two groups were sacrificed. Area, perimeter, and length of the corpus callosum were determined from sagittal sections of each brain. Results showed a sex difference for area, perimeter, and length of the corpus …

Making Monotheism: Global Islam In Local Practice Among The Laujé Of Indonesia, Jennifer W. Nourse

Sociology and Anthropology Faculty Publications

This paper explores the complex interaction between state-sanctioned Islam and local religious practice in Indonesia's periphery. In 1982 in the "county" of Tinombo, Central Sulawesi, immigrant Reform Muslims convinced the regional government to ban a spirit possession ritual performed by the indigenous Laufe people. Reformists claimed that Laujé spirit mediums were possessed by satanic spirits. Insulted by Reformists' claims that Laujé rites were pagan and they themselves were not Muslims, prominent Laujé went to officials in the government asking to rescind the ban. In their arguments, Laujé borrowed the rhetoric of Reform Islam. The ban was rescinded in 1984. Once …

The Effects Of Positive And Negative Retrieval Cues On Release From Retroactive Interference, Michael P. Etgen

Master's Theses

The following study examined the effects of positive and negative retrieval cues within a release from retroactive interference design. Predictions based upon a modification to the cue-overloading hypothesis were evaluated. Subjects were 79 Introductory Psychology students. They learned two lists, each composed of four-legged animals, and were tested for recall of the originally-learned list. Informed subjects were supplied with a retrieval cue for the interpolated list to provide a release from retroactive interference. All subjects were further divided into those who were released by becoming aware during original learning and those who were not. Comparisons revealed a reliable and comparable …

The Effects Of Positive And Negative Retrieval Cues On Release From Retroactive Interference, Michael P. Etgen

Master's Theses

The following study examined the effects of positive and negative retrieval cues within a release from retroactive interference design. Predictions based upon a modification to the cue-overloading hypothesis were evaluated. Subjects were 79 Introductory Psychology students. They learned two lists, each composed of four-legged animals, and were tested for recall of the originally-learned list. Informed subjects were supplied with a retrieval cue for the interpolated list to provide a release from retroactive interference. All subjects were further divided into those who were released by becoming aware during original learning and those who were not. Comparisons revealed a reliable and comparable …

The North American Free Trade Agreement And Its Potential Impact On The Commonwealth Of Virginia, Brian Charles Kroll

Master's Theses

This thesis consists of two parts. First, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is described in terms of free trade theory, its precedents, and the text of the treaty. Second, the international aspects of Virginia's economy are examined with regard to NAFTA. This thesis asserts that if implemented, NAFTA will produce the following results for Virginia: merchandise exports to Canada and Mexico will continue to increase; employment supported by merchandise exports will continue to increase; factory relocations and related employment losses will continue to be outpaced by employment growth in other manufacturing areas; trade in services will undergo direct …

Military Culture And Inadvertent Escalation In World War Ii, Jeffrey W. Legro

Political Science Faculty Publications

How can the use of "unthinkable" means of warfare be avoided? How can states successfully observe mutually desired limitations on "taboo" forms of combat? These questions are important because of concern that nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons and terrorism will spread and be used. The growing number of states--e.g., Israel, Iraq, Libya, North Korea, Ukraine--that have such means of inflicting harm increases the likelihood that any future conflict will involve a desire for restrictions. Countries may pursue restraint because popular opinion vilifies certain weapons; because leaders calculate that escalation would damage their domestic and international political support; or because states …

The Anterior Commissure : The Effects Of Sex And Prenatal Stress, Hendree Evelyn Jones

Master's Theses

The effects of prenatal stress (light/restraint) on the development of the anterior commissure (AC) were investigated. The AC is known to be a sexually dimorphic structure of the brain not directly involved in reproductive behavior; unlike hypothalamic structures and nuclei, however, little is known about its development. The present work examines two factors, sex and stress, known to influence other brain areas. Pregnant rats were assigned to prenatal treatment and control groups. The treatment group was stressed thrice daily for thirty minutes using light/restraint during the third trimester (day 14-21). Control dams remained undisturbed. Male and female offspring were killed …

Lame Duck Theory Called Into Question, Lawrence Leonard Schack

Master's Theses

The foundations of lame duck theory, the expression connoting the study of executive/legislative relations in association with tenure constraints, are composed of broad generalizations which are generally unchallenged by political scientists. Evidence in support of this assertion is scattered throughout relevant literature, most of which centers upon the national executive, the two-term limitation imposed by the Twenty Second Amendment, and the subsequent lack of influence our country's presidents wield as their "political capital dwindles" proportionate with the temporal progress of their second term. Interestingly, while a great deal of time and energy has been devoted to the discussion of the …

My Experiences With The Community Foundation, Jennifer L. Vest

Honors Theses

Founded in 1968, the Community Foundation is a philanthropic endowment serving the Greater Richmond and Central Virginia community. ...in the Foundation's 1992 Annual Report they write, "We exist to help individuals, corporations, and other foundations achieve their own unique ideas about community philanthropy. We provide permanent stewardship, efficient administration, and the opportunity for our benefactors to remain active in their giving." ...over 400 localities across the nation have created similar foundations that cumulatively manage $8 billion in assets. In 1992, The Community Foundation made grant commitments totalling $1,352,232 to 193 agencies in Greater Richmond and Central Virginia and has approximately …

Nine Articles For Leadership For Student Activities, William Richard Volp

Honors Theses

The purpose of this Senior Project is to compile a series of nine articles for a magazine entitled Leadership for Student Activities. These articles will be printed in the nine 1994-1995 issues as a column. Each of the articles deals with a certain aspect of leadership studies. The main focus of each article is, in the order in which they will be submitted to the editor of Leadership for Student Activities: the future of leadership; decision making; leaders and followers; leadership guidelines; leadership and management; creative thinking; motivation; the role of a leader; and, empowerment. These nine articles …

My Life At The Arts Council Of Richmond Or An Analysis Of A Senior Project On Advocacy, Laura Yeatts

Honors Theses

Advocacy entails different activities, dependent on the issue, but all types of advocacy have certain characteristics in common. Advocacy is promoting one's chosen cause by creating publicity, calling and writing legislators or others in power, developing programs to show off your cause, etc. The goal of all advocacy is to garner support from a wide range of people, especially those who can influence the success of your efforts. Most often that means influencing legislators who control public funding and business leaders who make up the bulk of private funding. Advocacy takes place at the grass roots level with community canvassing …

Leadership : Can It Be Taught?, Edward R. Schreiber Iii

Honors Theses

This paper attempts to support the assertion that leadership can be taught. To accomplish this task I must first determine what leadership is. To assert that something can be taught I must first ascertain what the subject is. This is an issue of particular sensitivity and complexity, and will be discussed in length in this paper. From there I will attack the question of whether this thing called leadership can be taught. How can an educational curriculum actually teach people leadership? This question is actually the culmination of a number of underlying issues which must first be confronted.

Leadership Development Learning In Community Settings, Anne C. Shepherd

Honors Theses

The Learning in Community Settings (LINCS) program at the University of Richmond is nearly two years old, and has been a catalyst for integrating community service into the University of Richmond curriculum. The program has grown exponentially, and now serves over 300 students, 15 faculty, and 50 community agencies. The program continues to expand and currently is planning programs of dissemination with the Bonner Scholar network and possibly with the Pew Partnership for Civic Change. This rapid growth and expansion has been both exciting and challenging. One of the challenges has been staying abreast of the program's growth. Assuring that …

Summer Leadership Seminar, Matthew Whitbeck

Honors Theses

The leadership program for rising seniors in the Hanover School District is, at this moment, tentative. The project itself is a joint program between Hanover County School District and the Jepson School of Leadership Studies. ... The program has three parts; one, a summer leadership seminar preceding the senior school year; two, a senior project during the school year; and three, a mentorship program during the senior school year. It is hoped that the students will receive an experience that will stress the importance of moral courage, empathy for diverse opinions, and an understanding of the responsibilities of citizenship. While …

[Introduction To] From Civilization To Segregation: Social Ideals And Social Control In Southern Rhodesia, 1890-1934, Carol Summers

Bookshelf

This study examines the social changes that took place in Southern Rhodesia after the arrival of the British South Africa Company in the 1890s. Summer’s work focuses on interactions among settlers, the officials of the British South America Company and the administration, missionaries, humanitarian groups in Britain, and the most vocal or noticeable groups of Africans. Through this period of military conquest and physical coercion, to the later attempts at segregationist social engineering, the ideals and justifications of Southern Rhodesians changed drastically. Native Policy, Native Education policies, and, eventually, segregationist Native Development policies changed and evolved as the white and …

[Introduction To] Metaphors In The History Of Psychology, David E. Leary

Bookshelf

Metaphors in the History of Psychology describes and analyzes the ways in which psychological accounts of brain functioning, consciousness, cognition, emotion, motivation, learning, and behavior have been shaped--and are still being shaped--by the central metaphors used by contemporary psychologists and their predecessors. The contributors to this volume argue that psychologists and their predecessors have invariably turned to metaphor in order to articulate their descriptions, theories, and practical interventions with regard to psychological functioning. By specifying the major metaphors in the history of psychology, these contributors have offered a new "key" to understanding this critically important area of human knowledge. This …

The Speaker And The Budget, Daniel J. Palazzolo

Political Science Faculty Publications

The Speakers of the House, from Carl Albert to Tom Foley, have faced various challenges in the budgetary process since the passage of the Budget Act in 1974. That act required the Congress to fix budget targets in authorizations and outlays in each of thirteen functional categories for each fiscal year and to reconcile annual authorizations and appropriations to those targets. It created separate budget committees in each chamber and altered the legislative process in an attempt to enforce budget discipline. Some challenges have been defined by the individual Speakers themselves; others have emerged from institutional changes in the budget …

Land Contracts And Traditional Tenure, Sandra F. Joireman

Political Science Faculty Publications

The goal of this project is to identify the current day policy implications of a traditional tenure system, rist or risti, with particular reference to the types of contractual agreements that existed under that system. In order to achieve this, the paper will begin with a reference to the importance of understanding the traditional systems of land tenure. Then, a brief description of the data set and available information will be given, followed by the preliminary results of the data and a description of the kinds of contractual arrangements found under the traditional system. This will be followed by …

Yemen: Human Rights In Yemen During And After The 1994 War, Sheila Carapico, Jermera Rone

Political Science Faculty Publications

During seventy days of conventional warfare between the government forces commanded by the Republic of Yemen Council President, General ’Ali ’Abdallah Salih, and the separatist southern army fighting in the name of the Yemeni Socialist Party (YSP), the government army won a military victory over the rebels and presided over the destruction of institutions and property of the former YSP-ruled People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen. The terms of national unity between the two Yemens, never fully resolved in either the May 1990 accord or elections in April 1993, were thus settled on the battlefield in favor of Salih’s northern-dominated military …

Feature Films For Communication Courses: A Bibliography, Russell F. Proctor Ii, Scott D. Johnson

Rhetoric and Communication Studies Faculty Publications

Once upon a time, the only way to answer the question was informally; that is, by offering an opinion or directing the inquirer to someone who had experience in the area. Recently, however, the process has been formalized and expanded through various written materials. Rather than keeping lists of films in our heads, we can now refer people to articles, textbooks, and documents. The new trick is remembering the references for these works in circulation. This article is an attempt to remedy that problem. We offer here a list of resources for those who want ideas for using feature films …

The Cloaking Of Justice: The Supreme Court's Role In The Application Of Western Law To America's Indigenous Peoples, David E. Wilkins

Jepson School of Leadership Studies articles, book chapters and other publications

The debate over which legal Indigenous Peoples should govern Native American political power and property rights, or even whether they should be protected by law at all, caused conflicts challenging the autonomy of the legal system and led to changes of the original principles of Indian rights. The outcome of that conflict raises two questions of federal Indian law. One is where its principles contributed to the survival of Native Americans in the United States; the other is whether the same legal principles are responsible for the perpetual inferiority of Natives Americans in their own land. More starkly, the question …

The South, The West, And The Rest, Edward L. Ayers

History Faculty Publications

A response to the essay, Constructed Province: History and the Making of the Last American West by David M. Emmons. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.

Age Declines In Memory Self-Efficacy: General Or Limited To Particular Tasks And Measure?, Robin Lea West, Jane M. Berry

Psychology Faculty Publications

The potential for lifelong learning has been demonstrated clearly in research on problem solving, prose recall, and other measures of mental skill (Reese & Puckett, 1993; Sinnott, 1989). However, there are factors that may serve as barriers to lifelong learning for older adults (see Arenberg, chapter 23 in this volume). Among others, these factors include age changes in attentional or memory capacity (e.g., Salthouse, 1991), declines in memory self-confidence or change in memory beliefs (e.g., Berry, West & Dennehy, 1989), and reduced opportunities for education and training (e.g., Rebok & Offermann, 1983). This chapter focuses on self-report or subjective beliefs …

Reconsidering The Tribal-State Compact Process, David E. Wilkins

Jepson School of Leadership Studies articles, book chapters and other publications

This essay evaluates the tribal‐state compact process, as one of several alternative, nonadversarial processes, warranting attention. It argues that, because of its binding character and relatively low cost (in contrast to litigation), and because it is based in the idea of tribes and states exhibiting mutual respect, the compact process is an advanced version of negotiation and bargaining that tribes and states should consider where appropriate.

The U.S. Supreme Court's Explication Of "Federal Plenary Power": An Analysis Of Case Law Affecting Tribal Sovereignty, 1886-1914, David E. Wilkins

Jepson School of Leadership Studies articles, book chapters and other publications

The concept of tribal sovereignty frequently conflicts with that of congressional plenary power, depending on the definition and basis of plenary power. Analysis of 107 federal court cases between 1886 and 1914 suggests that when plenary power is seen in terms of preemption and exclusivity, it may help to protect tribal sovereignty from private or state incursions. However, if plenary power is defined as absolute and unlimited, tribal rights are not constitutionally protected against federal actions. Although tribes are properly regarded as extra-constitutional entities, they are often treated as inferior in relation to Congress by the courts.

Intra-Tribal Confrontations: What Is To Be Done?, David E. Wilkins

Jepson School of Leadership Studies articles, book chapters and other publications

Racial, ethnic, and religious wars and conflicts have plagued humanity since the primordial past. But since the thawing of the Cold War, there has literally been an explosion of devastating conflicts that seem far more complex than those which erupted in earlier eras. These are also potentially more threatening to international peace because of their breadth, scope, and probable duration.

These and the multitude of other ethnic, racial, and religious conflicts around the world are far more brutal and ruinous than anything most indigenous people have experienced since the federal government's aberrant and fortunately short-lived policy of Termination and Relocation, …

Self-Overcoming In Foucault's Discipline And Punish, Ladelle Mcwhorter

Philosophy Faculty Publications

Prisons are veritable universities of crime. Within them young offenders learn both the values and the techniques of hardened criminals. In addition to these lessons in professional ethics and theory, aspiring criminals also get hands-on experience within prison walls, for prisons are also centers of criminal activity: drug and arms trafficking, rape, gang warfare, and murder. And, like all good universities, prisons help their proteges make the contacts they need to further their budding careers.

Prince Edward County: 1951-1963 : An Oral History, W. Glenn Merten

Honors Theses

The Civil Rights movement is a field ripe for the study of leadership. In it, and many other social movements, there are evident many of the facets which we touch upon in the Jepson School. The contexts of formal organizations, many political systems, and countless community organizations can be seen in the Civil Rights movement. The fields of ethics and leading groups are also evident, and knowledge critical thinking and the theories of leadership are essential in any leadership circumstance. It would also be helpful if leaders in the Civil Rights movement were skilled in conflict resolution, motivation, leading individuals, …

Ywca Domestic Violence Emergency Shelter Children's Playroom : From Wallpaper To Monopoly, Amy S. Dellamora

Honors Theses

Recognizing the tremendous need for immediate attention, my senior project was designed to help domestic violence victims. More specifically, I chose to target the project to benefit the children involved in domestic violence relationships. These children have frequently been abused themselves, and have witnessed the abuse against their mothers. The children need support directed toward their interests.

Music And Leadership, Scott Barksdale

Honors Theses

Music and musicians can build on one another to meet shared purpose. The creation of music is one of the most powerful and common types of expression.