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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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Articles 1 - 6 of 6
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Using Brain Stimulation To Enhance Working Memory: A Charged Topic, Michael Christopher Stefan Trumbo
Using Brain Stimulation To Enhance Working Memory: A Charged Topic, Michael Christopher Stefan Trumbo
Psychology ETDs
Although working memory (WM) training programs consistently result in improvement on the trained task, benefit is typically short-lived and extends only to tasks very similar to the trained task. Pairing repeated performance of a WM task with brain stimulation may encourage plasticity in brain networks involved in WM task performance, thereby improving the training benefit. In the current study, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) was paired with performance of a WM task. In Experiment 1, participants performed a spatial location-monitoring n-back during stimulation, while Experiment 2 used a verbal identity-monitoring n-back. In each experiment, participants received either active (2.0 mA) …
Influence Of Anterior Thalamic Inactivation On The Retrieval Of Spatial Reference Memory And Working Memory In The Radial Arm Maze, Ryan E. Harvey
Influence Of Anterior Thalamic Inactivation On The Retrieval Of Spatial Reference Memory And Working Memory In The Radial Arm Maze, Ryan E. Harvey
Psychology ETDs
Previous studies have shown that the anterior thalamic nuclei (ATN) contain a large population of head direction cells, which fire as a function of an animal’s directional orientation in an environment, thereby providing a compass-like representation guiding navigation. Recent work has suggested that directional orientation information stemming from the ATN is critical for the generation of hippocampal and parahippocampal spatial representations, and may contribute to the establishment of unique spatial representations in radially oriented tasks such as the radial arm maze. While studies have confirmed that ATN lesions impair the acquisition of new spatial information in variants of the radial …
Investigating Error-Related Processing In Incarcerated Adolescents With Elevated Psychopathic Traits, James M. Maurer
Investigating Error-Related Processing In Incarcerated Adolescents With Elevated Psychopathic Traits, James M. Maurer
Psychology ETDs
Adult psychopathic offenders show an increased propensity towards violence, impulsivity, and recidivism. For a subsample of youth with elevated psychopathic traits, the disorder appears to remain stable throughout development. Such youth represent a particularly severe subgroup characterized by their extreme behavioral problems and comparable neurocognitive deficits as their adult counterparts, including perseveration deficits. Here, we investigated error-related processing using two distinct neuroimaging methodologies in response-locked event-related potentials (ERPs) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in two samples of incarcerated juvenile male offenders who performed a response inhibition Go/NoGo task. Adolescent psychopathic traits were assessed using the Hare Psychopathy Checklist: Youth …
From Norway With Love: A Study Of Oxytocin, Social Bonding, And Life-History Trade-Offs, Nicholas Grebe
From Norway With Love: A Study Of Oxytocin, Social Bonding, And Life-History Trade-Offs, Nicholas Grebe
Psychology ETDs
Oxytocin (OT) is a mammalian neuropeptide hormone that has been extensively studied in the field of obstetrics and mother-infant bonding. More recently, animal and human studies have suggested that OT might also have important functions within sexual pair-bonds. While some have advanced the perspective that OT is a ‘bonding’, ‘cuddle’, or ‘trust’ hormone, a number of opposing findings cast doubt on such interpretations. Several research groups have attempted to address this so-called ‘paradox’. I propose a different type of framework that attempts to address this paradox, but perhaps more importantly, also aims to provide additional explanatory power regarding the functions …
Competing Goals: The Effect Of Social Expectations On Women's Judgments Of And Responses To Sexual Victimization Risk, Jennifer Crawford
Competing Goals: The Effect Of Social Expectations On Women's Judgments Of And Responses To Sexual Victimization Risk, Jennifer Crawford
Psychology ETDs
Researchers have identified many variables associated with the risk of sexual victimization among college women, including a previous history of sexual victimization and the ability to appraise and respond to victimization risk. Nurius and Norris (1996) included these and other variables in their theoretical model of factors influencing womens sexual victimization risk appraisal and response. The current study attempted to examine one part of that complex model, the role of social goals and expectations in women's perceptions of and responses to victimization risk. The study also used a social information processing model to inform a task-based method of measuring women's …
Maternal Interactive Behaviors And Developmental Outcomes In Preschoolers Born Very Low Birth Weight, Rebecca E. Rieger
Maternal Interactive Behaviors And Developmental Outcomes In Preschoolers Born Very Low Birth Weight, Rebecca E. Rieger
Psychology ETDs
Children born very low birth weight (VLBW) are at greater risk for cognitive and executive deficits than children born normal birth weight. One factor in development is parental wellbeing. Parents who report more depressive symptoms and lower perception of resources have poorer quality interactive behaviors. This study investigated the associations between maternal interactive behaviors during play and developmental outcomes in preschoolers born VLBW. A secondary goal was to understand the associations among maternal depressive symptoms, perception of resources, and interactive behaviors. A tertiary goal was to investigate racial and ethnic differences in maternal behaviors. Overall, one maternal behavior was negatively …