Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Discharge Responses Associated With Rapid Snow Cover Ablation Events In The Susquehanna And Wabash River Basins, Zachary J. Suriano, Gina R. Henderson, Daniel J. Leathers

Geography and Geology Faculty Publications

In the mid-latitudes, snow plays a critical role in regional hydroclimate, with snow ablation variability in ephemeral regions representing an area of essential research. Due to a lack of historical snow-water-equivalent data in the eastern United States, recent research has substituted daily snow depth changes for ablation. These studies, however, do not explicitly examine if such a substitution yields a snowmelt hydrological signal, an important component of water resource management. As such, this study evaluates if ablation events, as defined as a daily snow depth decrease, subsequently result in increased river discharge within two similarly sized watersheds in the eastern …

Mapping Society: The Spatial Dimensions Of Social Cartography, By Laura Vaughan, Christina E. Dando

Geography and Geology Faculty Publications

Laura Vaughan, in Mapping Society: The Spatial Dimensions of Social Cartography, suggests that social maps can be ‘records of social enquiry in relation to the role of urban configuration in shaping social patterns over time’ and that, through their analysis, scholars can better understand ‘the power of space in shaping society over time’. To Vaughan, a professor of Urban Form and Society at the Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London, social maps capture a moment in time and can be read to consider life at that moment: ‘does it capture data in sufficient detail that we can learn from …

Are Walkable Places Tech Incubators? Evidence From Nebraska’S ‘Silicon Prairie’, Bradley Bereitschaft

Geography and Geology Faculty Publications

This study examines the spatial association between science- and technology-related entrepreneurship and neighbourhood walkability in eastern Nebraska, often referred to as the northern ‘Silicon Prairie’. Tech start-up firms are expected to gravitate toward more walkable or pedestrian-oriented urban locations to benefit from heightened social interaction, knowledge spillovers and a more vibrant, creative atmosphere. Data on start-up firms collected from the online database Crunchbase.com and a walkability index provided by the popular online service Walk Score® were used to evaluate the walkability–tech entrepreneurship nexus. The spatial relationship between walkability and firm location may have important implications for metropolitan areas seeking to …

A History Of America In 100 Maps, Susan Schulten, University Of Chicago Press, Chicago (2018), 256 Pages, Us$35.00 Hardcover, Christina E. Dando

Geography and Geology Faculty Publications

Several years ago, browsing in the British Museum's gift shop, I noticed A History of the World in 100 Objects (2010). The idea of capturing history using material culture is an appealing one, offering readers opportunities to learn about fascinating artifacts in short, easy-to-digest essays. It often sparks similar projects such as The Smithsonian's History of America in 101 Objects (2016). Susan Schulten's A History of America in 100 Maps appears to be such a popular, coffee table book, pairing map images with explanatory vignettes, but do not be taken in: this is a very skillfully constructed narrative of American …

Contribution Of Snowfall From Diverse Synoptic Conditions In The Catskill/Delaware Watershed Of New York State, Zachary J. Suriano, Daniel J. Leathers, Dorothy K. Hall, Allan Frei

Geography and Geology Faculty Publications

Snowfall in the six basins of the Catskill/Delaware Watershed in south‐central New York State historically contributes roughly 20–30% of the water resources derived from the watershed for use in the New York City water supply. The watershed regularly experiences snowfall from three distinctive weather patterns: coastal mid‐latitude cyclones, overrunning systems, and lake‐effect or Great Lakes enhanced storms. Using synoptic weather classification techniques, these distinct regional atmospheric patterns impacting the watershed are isolated and analysed in conjunction with daily snowfall observations from 1960 to 2009 to allow the influence of each synoptic weather pattern on snowfall to be evaluated independently.

Results …

Restructuring And Internationalization Of The European Automotive Industry, Petr Pavlínek

Geography and Geology Faculty Publications

This article draws on Harvey’s theory of uneven development and spatio-temporal fix to conceptualize the changing geography of the European automotive industry based on the spatial profit-seeking strategies of automotive firms. It employs the spatial concept of integrated peripheries, in order to explain the growth of the automotive industry in peripheral regions and its contemporaneous restructuring in existing locations. The empirical analysis is based on 2124 restructuring events of large automotive industry firms in the European Union countries and Norway between 2005 and 2016, and on 91 interviews with foreign automotive industry subsidiaries conducted in Czechia and Slovakia between 2009 …

Exploring Perceptions Of Creativity And Walkability In Omaha, Ne, Bradley Bereitschaft

Geography and Geology Faculty Publications

It has been suggested that vibrant, walkable urban spaces may contribute to enhanced creativity and innovation by facilitating social interaction and physical activity, and serving as a source of inspiration. Using a survey and participant mapping exercise, this paper examines the potential spatial association between walkability and creativity in Omaha, Nebraska. Randomly selected participants were mailed a survey and map, requesting that they identify either three walkable or three creative locations within the Omaha area. The spatial correlation between the two variables was assessed in part using a newly developed spatial point pattern test. In addition to using perceptions of …

Mapping Creative Spaces In Omaha, Ne: Resident Perceptions Versus Creative Firm Locations, Bradley Bereitschaft

Geography and Geology Faculty Publications

In an era increasingly shaped by automation and globalization, industries that rely on creativity, innovation, and knowledge-generation are considered key drivers of economic growth in the U.S. and other advanced capitalist economies. This study examines the spatial distribution of creative firms and how they might align with perceptions of creativity in Omaha, Nebraska, a mid-sized U.S. urban area. Utilizing a survey, participant mapping exercise, and geospatial analyses, the primary goal was to identify formal and informal spaces of creative production and consumption, and determine to what extent the location of creative firms (both arts/mediaand science/technology-focused) may shape perceptions of creativity …

Global Production Networks, Foreign Direct Investment, And Supplier Linkages In The Integrated Peripheries Of The Automotive Industry, Petr Pavlínek

Geography and Geology Faculty Publications

This article examines the regional development effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the integrated peripheries of the automotive industry by analyzing supplier linkages between foreign subsidiaries and domestic firms. It develops the spatial concept of integrated peripheries in core-based macroregional production networks. Conceptually, it draws on the dynamic notion of uneven development in contemporary capitalism, namely, on David Harvey’s spatiotemporal fix and on the global production networks concept of strategic coupling to investigate the mode of articulation of integrated peripheries into macroregional production networks. Empirically, it analyzes the quantity and quality of supplier linkages in the automotive industry of …

Equity In Microscale Urban Design And Walkability: A Photographic Survey Of Six Pittsburgh Streetscapes, Bradley Bereitschaft

Geography and Geology Faculty Publications

This paper explores inequity in neighborhood walkability at the micro-scale level by qualitatively examining six streetscapes in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. A photographic survey is used to highlight differences in the quality and design of the built environment among pairs of streetscapes with high or low social vulnerability but approximately equal quantitative Walk Scores®. The survey revealed discernible differences in the quality and maintenance of the built environment among those in more and less disadvantaged neighborhoods. This was true of several characteristics expected to affect walkability, including enclosure, transparency, complexity, and tidiness. Streetscapes in neighborhoods with high social vulnerability exhibited less contiguous …

Spatial Clustering And Ecological Crowding Of Valley Oak (Quercus Lobata, Née) Associated With Shifts In Recruitment Establishment Sites In Southern California, James J. Hayes, Shannon Donnelly

Geography and Geology Faculty Publications

Premise of research. Valley oak (Quercus lobata, Née) has received much attention due to concerns about regeneration failure and, more recently, compositional and structural community changes associated with this foundation species. Changes in the structure and spatial distribution of valley oak stands, as examined in this article, are likely affecting ecological processes and interactions throughout communities where it is found.

Methodology. We used quadrat-based methods of spatial analysis, Morisita’s index of aggregation (IM), and a derived index (IMr ) to examine patterns of clustering, intensity of crowding, and changes in the probability of crowding as the definition of crowding (stems/area) …

Occupational Diseases In The Automotive Industry In Czechia – Geographic And Medical Context, Jan Jarolímek, Pavel Urban, Petr Pavlínek, Dagmar Dzúrová

Geography and Geology Faculty Publications

Objectives: The automotive industry represents the most important industrial sector in Czechia. The objective of this study has been to analyze the occurrence of occupational diseases (OD) in the automotive industry during the period from 2001 till 2014. Material and Methods: Data on OD cases was retrieved from the National Registry of OD. Further, we conducted a survey in automotive companies with focus on occupational health services and positions of the companies in global production networks (GPNs). An analysis of OD distribution in the automotive industry was performed (age, gender, company size and its role in GPNs, regional distribution of …

Do “Creative” And “Non-Creative” Workers Exhibit Similar Preferences For Urban Amenities? An Exploratory Case Study Of Omaha, Nebraska, Bradley Bereitschaft

Geography and Geology Faculty Publications

Research into the locational decisions of creative class or knowledge workers has indicated that “classic” or “hard” factors, particularly employment opportunity and social connections, generally take precedence over “soft”, “quality of place” amenities such as art and cultural venues, historical assets, and tolerance/diversity. However, “soft” amenities are expected to shape where creative class/knowledge workers live within cities, and potentially whether they remain in the community long-term, or seek opportunities elsewhere. In this study, an online survey and questionnaire were employed to explore whether residents living in downtown Omaha, Nebraska with “creative” occupations exhibit stronger preferences for urban amenities relative to …

Mineralogical Transformations And Soil Development In Shale Across A Latitudinal Climosequence, Ashlee L.D. Dere, Timothy S. White, Richard H. April, Susan L. Brantley

Geography and Geology Faculty Publications

To investigate factors controlling soil formation, we established a climosequence as part of the Susquehanna-Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory (SSHCZO) in central Pennsylvania, USA. Sites were located on organic matter-poor, iron-rich Silurian-aged shale in Wales, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Tennessee, Alabama, and Puerto Rico, although this last site is underlain by a younger shale. Across the climosequence, mean annual temperature (MAT) increases from 7 to 24°C and mean annual precipitation (MAP) ranges from 100 to 250 cm. Variations in soil characteristics along the climosequence, including depth, morphology, particle-size distribution, geochemistry, and bulk and clay mineralogy, were characterized to investigate the role of …

Sustainable Urban Development? Exploring The Locational Attributes Of Leed-Nd Projects In The United States Through A Gis Analysis Of Light Intensity And Land Use, Russell M. Smith, Bradley Bereitschaft

Geography and Geology Faculty Publications

LEED®-ND™ is the latest attempt to develop more sustainable urban environs in the United States. The LEED®-ND™ program was created to provide a green rating system that would improve the quality of life for all people through the inclusion of sustainable development practices. To achieve this, a premium is placed on the locational attributes of proposed projects under the “Smart Location and Linkages” credit category. The purpose of this paper is to explore the locational attributes of LEED®-ND™ projects in the United States to determine if projects are being located in areas that will result in achieving the program’s stated …

Value Creation And Value Capture In The Automotive Industry: Empirical Evidence From Czechia, Petr Pavlinek, Jan Ženka

Geography and Geology Faculty Publications

This article investigates how distinct tiers of firms contribute to value creation and value capture in the automotive industry. We employ firm-level indicators to evaluate the value creation and capture of distinct supplier tiers in the Czech automotive industry, while considering differences between foreign-owned and domestic firms. Our analysis suggests that the economic effects of the automotive industry largely depend on its capital intensity and that mostly foreign-owned higher tier firms generate and capture greater value than lower tier firms, which include the vast majority of domestic suppliers.

Practicing Collective Biography, Roberta Hawkins, Karen Falconer Al-Hindi, Pamela Moss, Leslie Kern

Geography and Geology Faculty Publications

Collective biography uses researchers' written memories about a set of experiences as texts for collective analysis. As a feminist approach to research, collective biography draws centrally on the idea that significant memories are critical in the constitution of the self, and maintains that in analyzing memories collectively, researchers can begin to tap into wider social processes and structures. Though rarely used in geography, collective biography could be useful in data collection and analysis for geographers. In this paper, we provide a brief history and description of collective biography. We situate collective biography in relation to life writing methods. We then …

Linkages And Spillovers In Global Production Networks: Firm-Level Analysis Of The Czech Automotive Industry, Petr Pavlinek, Pavla Žížalová

Geography and Geology Faculty Publications

The aim of this article is to analyze the linkages between and spillovers from foreign-owned (foreign) to domestic-owned (domestic) firms in the Czech automotive industry. Theoretically and conceptually, our research draws on two strands of literature: spillovers, linkages and effects of foreign direct investment on domestic firms and regional economic development; and literature on global production networks, global value chains and industrial upgrading. Empirical analysis is based upon unique data collected by the authors through a questionnaire completed by 317 foreign and domestic firms in 2009 and on-site interviews with 100 firms conducted between 2009 and 2011. Data analysis has …

Neighborhood Diversity And The Creative Class In Chicago, Bradley Bereitschaft, Rex G. Cammack

Geography and Geology Faculty Publications

Richard Florida's creative class theory posits that highly skilled workers with creative- or knowledge-intensive occupations are particularly sensitive to ‘quality of place’, a key component of which is an open and tolerant attitude toward different peoples, cultures, and lifestyles. While diversity, as a proxy for tolerance, has proven to be a relatively weak pull-factor at the inter-metropolitan level, the potential role of neighborhood-level diversity in the residential location of creative class workers has yet to be explored empirically. In this study we use ordinary least squares (OLS) regression and geographically weighted regression (GWR) to test the hypothesis that there exists …

Georeferenced Data Employed In The Spatial Analysis Of Neighborhood Diversity And Creative Class Share In Chicago, Bradley Bereitschaft, Rex Cammack

Geography and Geology Faculty Publications

The dataset described in this article, and made available as an accompanying spreadsheet, was used in the study entitled, “Neighborhood diversity and the creative class in Chicago,” to assess the spatial associations between neighborhood diversity and the creative class at the neighborhood (i.e., census tract) scale in Chicago [1]. In this study, we found a significant positive association between the creative class and the proportion of gay households and income diversity, but not racial or linguistic diversity. However, a geographically-weighted regression (GWR) analysis demonstrated substantial spatial nonstationarity among these relationships. This article describes the creative class, diversity, and control variables, …

Gods Of The City? Reflecting On City Building Games As An Early Introduction To Urban Systems, Bradley Bereitschaft

Geography and Geology Faculty Publications

For millions of gamers and students alike, city building games (CBGs) like SimCity and the more recent Cities: Skylines present a compelling initial introduction to the world of urban planning and development. As such, these games have great potential to shape players’ understanding and expectations of real urban patterns and processes. In this article I argue that, despite the fundamental role of agency in CBGs and other sandbox type games, players are constrained by the developers’ assumptions and biases regarding how cities ought to look and function. Of particular consideration is the tendency among CBGs to emphasize personal transportation over …

Landscape Heterogeneity Drives Contrasting Concentration–Discharge Relationships In Shale Headwater Catchments, E. M. Herndon, Ashlee L.D. Dere, P. L. Sullivan, D. Norris, B. Reynolds, S. L. Brantley

Geography and Geology Faculty Publications

Solute concentrations in stream water vary with discharge in patterns that record complex feedbacks between hydrologic and biogeochemical processes. In a comparison of three shale-underlain headwater catchments located in Pennsylvania, USA (the forested Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory), and Wales, UK (the peatland-dominated Upper Hafren and forest-dominated Upper Hore catchments in the Plynlimon forest), dissimilar concentration–discharge (C–Q) behaviors are best explained by contrasting landscape distributions of soil solution chemistry – especially dissolved organic carbon (DOC) – that have been established by patterns of vegetation and soil organic matter (SOM). Specifically, elements that are concentrated in organic-rich soils due to biotic …

Pedestrian Exposure To Near-Roadway Pm2.5 In Mixed-Use Urban Corridors: A Case Study Of Omaha, Nebraska, Bradley Bereitschaft

Geography and Geology Faculty Publications

Compact, mixed-use, and pedestrian-oriented urban developments may offer numerous environmental and health benefits, yet they may also facilitate pedestrian exposure to air pollution within the near-roadway environment. This research examines ambient concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) across six sites situated within central Omaha, Nebraska, a mid-sized metropolitan area located in the Midwest US. The sites ranged from a low-density, strip-mall development to moderate-density entertainment, commercial, and retail districts with varying degrees of horizontal and vertical mixed-use. Tracing approximately two kilometer routes along the sidewalk, factors affecting average and peak PM_2.5 concentrations at each site were identified …

Whose Success? The State–Foreign Capital Nexus And The Development Of The Automotive Industry In Slovakia, Petr Pavlinek

Geography and Geology Faculty Publications

Using the case study of Slovakia, this article considers the role of the state in the rapid growth of the automotive industry in integrated peripheral markets of the global automotive industry. Although this growth has been mainly driven by the investment strategies of automotive lead firms, the state has played an important role by accommodating the strategic needs of foreign capital through neoliberal economic policies. In addition to secondary sources, the empirical research is based on a 2010 survey of 299 Slovak-based automotive firms with a response rate of 44% and on 38 on-site firm-level interviews conducted between 2011 and …

A Resilience-Based Approach To The Conservation Of Valley Oak In A Southern California Landscape, James J. Hayes, Shannon Donnelly

Geography and Geology Faculty Publications

Conservation thinking will benefit from the incorporation of a resilience perspective of landscapes as social-ecological systems that are continually changing due to both internal dynamics and in response to external factors such as a changing climate. The examination of two valley oak stands in Southern California provides an example of the necessity of this systems perspective where each stand is responding differently as a result of interactions with other parts of the landscape. One stand is experiencing regeneration failure similar to other stands across the state, and is exhibiting shifts in spatial pattern as a response to changing conditions. A …

Enhancing Geographic Learning And Literacy Through Filmmaking, Christina E. Dando, Jacob J. Chadwick

Geography and Geology Faculty Publications

In this media-saturated society, students need to think more critically about the media they encounter and that they are producing. Through filmmaking, students can link geographic theory and the real world, bridging the distance from readings/lectures/ discussions to the geography on the ground, making the abstract concrete. But constructing films also enhances students’ understanding of the communications they consume and the communications they construct (films, television, podcasts, YouTube, etc.). In this article, a student and instructor discuss the making of short films or videos in geography classes and how it can enhance both geographic education and media literacy.

On Dittmer's Popular Culture, Geopolitics, And Identity As A Classroom Resource, Reecia Orzeck, James Craine, Christina E. Dando, Katrinka Somdahl-Sands

Geography and Geology Faculty Publications

In this intervention, four geographers, all of whom have used Jason Dittmer's book, Popular Culture, Geopolitics, and Identity, in their classes, assess its status as a teaching resource. All have had considerable success using Dittmer's book, alongside other resources, to cultivate critical thinking and critical knowledge production in a wide range of classes.

Landscape, History And The Media: An Introduction, Christina E. Dando

Geography and Geology Faculty Publications

Writing from Nebraska’s eastern edge, my mind’s eye drawn to the Platte River (west and south of me), I consider landscape, history, and the media. The Oto called the river “Nebraskier” which means flat or shallow, giving us the name of the state.1 Early accounts describe the Platte as “a mile wide and an inch deep” and “too thick to drink, too thin to plow”; Washington Irving described it as “the most magnificent and useless of rivers” (Allin 1982, 1). But to dismiss this river is to judge too quickly. As the river gains momentum, growing in size, it is …

Book Review Of Go East, Young Man: Imagining The American West As The Orient By Richard V. Francaviglia, Christina E. Dando

Geography and Geology Faculty Publications

Historical geographer Richard Francaviglia tackles the intriguing imagery of the American west as orient in his latest book. Using vivid examples from the last two hundred years, Francaviglia illustrates the connections between the west and the middle and far east: distant lands associated in western culture with ancient history and sacred landscapes, but also with sensuality and hedonism. Francaviglia argues that ‘Orientalism was a powerful force in shaping the way newcomers encountered, and made sense of, the people and places they found in the North American West’ (p. 13).

The Czech Automotive Industry In Global Production Networks: Regional Dimensions Of Upgrading Between 1998 And 2008, Jan Ženka, Petr Pavlinek

Geography and Geology Faculty Publications

n this article, we draw on the global production networks (GPNs) and global value chains perspectives to examine the regional development effects of economic upgrading in the Czech automotive industry between 1998 and 2008. We investigate how the position of Czech-based automotive firms in GPNs affects the intensity of upgrading and the amount of value captured for the benefit of the host regions through wages, corporate taxes revenues and reinvested profits. Based on the statistical analysis of firm-level data aggregated at the micro-regional level, the intensity of economic upgrading and value capture is measured for groups of regions and for …