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University of Minnesota Morris Digital Well

Journal

International Relations

Articles 1 - 14 of 14

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Russia's Use Of The Energy Weapon: How Russia Manipulates Ukraine, Georgia, And The Baltic States, Sierra Brown Feb 2019

Russia's Use Of The Energy Weapon: How Russia Manipulates Ukraine, Georgia, And The Baltic States, Sierra Brown

Scholarly Horizons: University of Minnesota, Morris Undergraduate Journal

Russia’s stranglehold on oil and gas as a resource, and use of energy as a weapon is a long standing humanitarian crisis as shown by the cut off of oil exports to former Soviet Republics, in efforts to gain political and economic dependence, resulting in, as one example shows, electricity and heat suspensions of innocent citizens homes. Other concerted efforts of Moscow include control over export routes, the attempt to reinstate the Soviet Union, and the intimidation of the Western World. The Soviet Union may have collapsed, but the drive for state control over resources, people, and land did not. …

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Why Can't We Be Friends? Rapprochement In Us Foreign Policy, Karyssa Scheck Jun 2018

Why Can't We Be Friends? Rapprochement In Us Foreign Policy, Karyssa Scheck

Scholarly Horizons: University of Minnesota, Morris Undergraduate Journal

This comparative case study examines which factors lead the United States to reexamine its policies toward countries with which it has severed diplomatic ties. I theorize that two particular factors are instrumental in foreign policy decision-making when it comes to reversing US foreign policy to improve bilateral relations: perception of economic benefit for the US and perception of international pressure on the US to change its policy. I evaluate the presence and importance of these factors in the cases of US rapprochement with Iran, Libya, Vietnam, and Cuba, as they represent recent, major changes in the course of US foreign …

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Elections, Rhetoric, And Policy: Comparing The Rise Of Far-Right Nationalism In Western Europe And The United States, Ruby Debellis Jun 2018

Elections, Rhetoric, And Policy: Comparing The Rise Of Far-Right Nationalism In Western Europe And The United States, Ruby Debellis

Scholarly Horizons: University of Minnesota, Morris Undergraduate Journal

Western Europe and the United States have both seen an increase in the number of elected officials who represent the far-right ideologically. In this paper, I investigate the reasons behind the rise of far-right nationalist parties, as well as the impacts it has on policy and implications for international relations. To do this, I compared recent election results from Western Europe and the US, the populist rhetoric used by these parties and their candidates, and the subsequent changes in immigration and trade policy due to far-right politicians enacting their agenda. Through this comparison, I concluded first that the elections in …

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Presidential Modernity: Harry Truman And The Foreign Policy Decision Making Process, Samuel Gill Feb 2016

Presidential Modernity: Harry Truman And The Foreign Policy Decision Making Process, Samuel Gill

Scholarly Horizons: University of Minnesota, Morris Undergraduate Journal

Harry Truman is an overshadowed figure in presidential politics and history. His presidency was wedged between two titans of the office, the politically savvy Franklin Roosevelt and universally beloved war hero Dwight Eisenhower, and his overall influence and impact is downplayed when compared these two men. This research examines what influence Truman exerted upon the executive branch by asking “how has Harry Truman influenced the foreign policy decision making process of office of the presidency and how, if at all, could his actions be considered modern?” Through a comparative case study analysis of four foreign policy events, this paper highlights …

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Do Human Rights Matter? An Analysis Of Presidential Human Rights Rhetoric From 1993-2014, Nathan Bean Feb 2016

Do Human Rights Matter? An Analysis Of Presidential Human Rights Rhetoric From 1993-2014, Nathan Bean

Scholarly Horizons: University of Minnesota, Morris Undergraduate Journal

My research examines how and why American presidents speak about human rights issues around the world, using rhetoric about human rights from the Clinton, George W. Bush, and Obama administrations. I theorized that rhetorical attention to human rights issues would be dependent on the strategic value of the region where the abuses take place, and that the president would shy away from criticizing countries where high numbers of U.S. military personnel were stationed. Using descriptive statistics and a measure of bivariate correlation, I found compelling evidence that presidential human rights attention was influenced by regional location, but only weak evidence …

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Global Agricultural Trade Negotiations And Their Potential Impact On Minnesota, Mark Ritchie Jan 1989

Global Agricultural Trade Negotiations And Their Potential Impact On Minnesota, Mark Ritchie

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

The two main factors determining the financial well-being of our family farmers, market prices and government payments, are primarily established by Congress through federal legislation, commonly called the Farm Bill. Although these two factors are likely to remain the main economic ingredients in Minnesota's farm economy for the foreseeable future, the political control over these issues appears to be shifting out of the hands of Congress and into the hands of our international trade negotiators. For the very first time, all price support, income subsidy, and supply management programs are on the table for alteration or elimination in this new …

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Education As A Strategy In Foreign Policy Of The United States, Ghulam M. Haniff Jan 1981

Education As A Strategy In Foreign Policy Of The United States, Ghulam M. Haniff

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

The role of international education as an element in the foreign policy strategy of the United States is examined from the end of World War II until the late sixties. It is hypothesized that education was used as a convenient device during the period of the Cold War for conducting international relations when the battle for men's minds was being fought by the superpowers. Data presented indicates that with the intensification of the Cold War, a greater interest was expressed in international educational projects. As an instrument of the United States foreign policy, education was conceived as a convenient format …

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United Nations Techniques In The Middle East, W. Hartley Clark Jan 1969

United Nations Techniques In The Middle East, W. Hartley Clark

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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The Future Of Coexistence: U.S.-Soviet Relations, Nicolas Protyniak Jan 1968

The Future Of Coexistence: U.S.-Soviet Relations, Nicolas Protyniak

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Basic trends that may develop in American-Soviet relations in the foreseeable future may be analyzed against the background styles of the two countries which constitute a model of the main determinants in continuity and change. Such analysis seems to indicate that competition rather than cooperation will continue to mark the relations between the United States and the Soviet Union, though with a gradual decrease in hostile intensity. Within a broader view, this relationship may offer to the United Stales not only failures and disappointments, but also a creative challenge to contribute to world peace and progress if the challenge is …

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The U.N. In East-West Confrontation, Robert E. Riggs Jan 1968

The U.N. In East-West Confrontation, Robert E. Riggs

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

As an instrument of foreign policy, the United Nations performs three functions: it legitimizes particular national policies, it facilitates international negotiations, and it provides material support for policy by allocating manpower and other resources. In dealings with the Soviet bloc during the past two decades, the United States has used the United Nations primarily to confer legitimacy on anti-communist policies. Since the mid- l 950's, however, the increasing unreliability of U.N. majorities and improved Soviet-American relations have brought a relative de-emphasis of the legitimization function. Correspondingly, a somewhat enlarged U.N. role as a forum for East-West negotiations has emerged. Except …

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Findings On Disarmament, William O. Peterfi Jan 1967

Findings On Disarmament, William O. Peterfi

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

The author proposes a critical appraisal of current disarmament plans and their implications in present international affairs, especially, the 1964 draft treaties of the United States and the Soviet Union calling for a general and complete disarmament. By comparing and evaluating these two plans, the author hopes to prove his thesis that although disarmament is part of the overall peace effort, the attainment of disarmament will not necessarily establish peace. On the contrary, before any actual and feasible disarmament can be achieved, there must be established a peaceful international climate conducive to a general and complete disarmament.

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A Proposal On The Law Of The Sea, Alexander Nadesan Jan 1967

A Proposal On The Law Of The Sea, Alexander Nadesan

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

There has been no agreement until now on the breadth of the territorial sea. This study proposes a uniform law on the breadth of the territorial sea. The concept of the three-mile limit is reviewed briefly. The question of national security is analyzed and the consequences of extending the breadth of the territorial sea beyond six miles is also discussed.

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The Problem Of Membership In International Organization, W. Hartley Clark Jan 1966

The Problem Of Membership In International Organization, W. Hartley Clark

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Membership problems plague international organizations of all types. All organizations are in some way exclusive, and there is a hierarchy of acceptable joiner-nations with the European nations leading the list. Each organization appears statistically to have a norm of membership toward which its number tends. If it falls short of the norm, it is under compulsion to expand. If it exceeds the norm, expulsions or boycotts are likely to ensue. The ideal condition of an organization, therefore, is "normal" membership, not necessarily "total" inclusion of all nations legally admissable. More is to be lost by too large an organization than …

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Islam And The British Administration In Northern Nigeria, Peggy Blumberg Jan 1961

Islam And The British Administration In Northern Nigeria, Peggy Blumberg

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

This paper offers a case study in acculturation, the process by which one culture adopts traits of another after prolonged contact. This study seeks to show how the British administration in Northern Nigeria inadvertently hastened the process of conversion of the pagans to Islam. Much of the area was already nominally Muslim when conquered by the Muslim Fulani early in the 19th century. The suzerainty of Islamic rulers encouraged further conversion. By strengthening these rulers and their Islamic courts, the British system of indirect rule established in 1900 gave the pagans positive incentives to convert. Many of the pre-Fulani Muslims …

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