Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Financing The World Health Organization: What Lessons For Multilateralism?, Kristina Daugirdas, Gian Luca Burci

Articles

When it comes to financing the work of international organizations, voluntary contributions from both state and nonstate actors are growing in size and importance. The World Health Organization (WHO) is an extreme case from this perspective, with voluntary contributions - mostly earmarked for particular purposes - comprising more than 80 percent of its funds. Moreover, nonstate actors are by now supplying almost half of WHO’s funds, with the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation ranking as the second-highest contributor after the United States. A number of public-health and international relations scholars have expressed alarm over these trends, arguing that heavy reliance …

Environmental Law In The United States, Howard J. Bromberg, Joshua I. Barrett

Book Chapters

Environmental law in the United States comprises a complex patchwork of federal, state, and local statutes and regulations, along with the traditions of common law. Most statutory environmental programs emerged in the second half of the twentieth century. In the 1960s, writings such as Rachel Carson's Silent Spring (1962) fueled environmental awareness in the United States; the first Earth Day, celebrated on April 22, 1970, symbolized the birth of vironmental law entered a new era in 1970, when President Richard Nixon created the Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Congress passed the National Environmental Policy Act and the 1970 Clean …

Trump, Donald: Environmental Policy Of,, Howard J. Bromberg

Book Chapters

Businessman and US. president Donald John Trump was born in Queens, New York, to Frederick (Fred) Trump and Mary MacLeod. Fred Trump, a real estate developer, brought Donald into the family real estate business. Through his business operations, Trump became a billionaire. Donald also became a television celebrity with the reality show The Apprentice. In one of the most unpredictable elections in American history, Trump became the 45th president of the United States. His administration aggressively promoted development of oil, gas, mineral, and coal resources. In doing so, he revoked numerous environmental protections.

Montreal Protocol, Howard J. Bromberg, Mark S. Coyne, W. J. Maunder

Book Chapters

DATE: Signed September 16, 1987; took effect January 1, 1989; amended 1990, 1992, 1995, 1997, and 1999

The Montreal Protocol was created to help preserve the Earth’s ozone layer by severely limiting the production and use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs ) and other halogenated compounds.

Hemp Fiber, Howard J. Bromberg, Ming Y. Zheng

Book Chapters

Hemp, Cannabis sativa, is indigenous to temperate regions in Asia. All major industrialized countries but the United States cultivate hemp for its fibers and oil-rich seeds. The former Soviet Union was the world's leading producer until the 1980s. As of 2018, China was the largest producer, with other significant industries in Ukraine, Russia, China, Canada, Austria, Australia, Great Britain, Hungary, Romania, Poland, France, Italy, and Spain.

Cannabis was initially spread around the world because of its fiber, not its intoxicant chemicals or its nutritious oil seeds. It is one of the oldest sources of textile fiber, whose use for cloth …

International Law And Political Philosophy: Uncovering New Linkages, Steven R. Ratner

Articles

The legal regime regulating cross-border investment gives key rights to foreign investors and places significant duties on states hosting that investment. It also raises distinctive moral questions due to its potential to constrain a state’s ability to manage its economy and protect its people. Yet international investment law remains virtually untouched as a subject of philosophical inquiry. The questions of international political morality surrounding investment rules can be mapped through the lens of two critiques of the law – that it systemically takes advantage of the global South and that it constrains the policy choices of states hosting investment. Each …

Buckets, Kincaid C. Brown

Law Librarian Scholarship

Inspired by “‘A Day in My Law Library Life,’ Circa 1997,” this compilation collects descriptions of a day in the lives of law librarians in 2018. The descriptions provide a current snapshot and historical record of the law library profession, with similarities to, and differences from, the profession of 1997.

Ask A Director: Tackling Technology Competencies, Kincaid C. Brown

Law Librarian Scholarship

Question: What technology competencies do librarians and legal information professionals need to assist their organizations as they grapple with issues such as data analytics, artificial intelligence, etc.?

Introduction To Serials Cataloging With Rda, Steve Shadle, Alexis Zirpoli

Law Librarian Scholarship

This one-day pre-conference workshop, presented by Steve Shadle at NASIG 2018, was based on an abridged version of the Serials Cooperative Cataloging Training Program (SCCTP) Basic Serials Cataloging Workshop.1 Two sections of the workshop materials were omitted in order to complete the workshop in one day: Module 5 - Describing Carriers and Content, and Module 9 - Identifying Appropriate Copy. Module 10 - Working with Copy, was covered briefly. The overall goal of the workshop was to enable participants to catalog a “straightforward” print serial resource and to be able to understand elements of a serials cataloging record. The workshop …

How Many Copies Are Enough Revisited: Open Access Legal Scholarship In The Time Of Collection Budget Constraints, Kincaid C. Brown

Law Librarian Scholarship

This article discusses the results of a study into the open access availability of law reviews, followed by a discussion of why open access has such a high rate of adoption among law reviews, especially in comparison to the journal literature in other disciplines.

Community Notification Policies, J.J. Prescott

Book Chapters

Community notification policies seek to prevent crime, raise awareness, or otherwise educate the public about criminal activity by requiring or permitting the police or other community actors to disseminate information to the public. Policies can focus on potential victims, potential offenders, the community at large, or some combination of these three. Victim-oriented policies seek to reduce the likelihood of victimization by encouraging precautionary behavior on the part of at-risk individuals. Offender-oriented policies publicize information (e.g., the severity of penalties or the likelihood of arrest) with the aim of deterring potential offenders from engaging in harmful activities. Community-oriented policies provide the …

Investment Ramifications Of Distortionary Tax Subsidies, James R. Hines Jr., Jongsang Park

Articles

This paper examines the investment effects of tax subsidies for which some assets and not others are eligible. Distortionary tax subsidies concentrate investments in tax-favored assets, thereby reducing the expected pre-tax profitability of investment and reducing payoffs to bondholders in the event of default. Anticipation of asset substitution encourages lenders to require covenants in debt contracts, which only imperfectly address asset substitution and distort investment. The result is that borrowing is made more expensive, which in turn discourages investment. Borrowing rates can react so strongly that aggregate investment may rise very little, or even fall, in response to higher tax …