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Articles 1 - 15 of 15
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Region-Specific Structural Covariates Of Homicide Rates In Latin America: State Legitimacy And Remittances, Guillermo Escano, William Alex Pridemore
Region-Specific Structural Covariates Of Homicide Rates In Latin America: State Legitimacy And Remittances, Guillermo Escano, William Alex Pridemore
School of Criminal Justice Other Graduate Student Scholarship
The goal of this study was to examine region-specific structural covariates of homicide rates in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). LAC nations possess 8% of the global population but 33% of homicides, yet the region receives limited attention in studies of social structure and violence. Prior literature suggests two separate social forces particularly relevant to the region, state legitimacy and monetary remittances. Theory from multiple fields provides distinct pathways through which each may influence LAC violence rates, suggesting a negative legitimacy-homicide association but competing hypotheses about the remittances-homicide association. Our unit of analysis was the nation-year, and our sample …
The Comparative Lethality Of Two Disparate World Regions : An Examination Of Latin America And Europe To Explain Discrepant Homicide Trends, Karise Marie Curtis
The Comparative Lethality Of Two Disparate World Regions : An Examination Of Latin America And Europe To Explain Discrepant Homicide Trends, Karise Marie Curtis
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Within recent decades, homicide rates in Latin American nations have strongly diverged from those of European nations. The former experienced a sharp increase in the last two decades, while the latter have experienced the oft-characterized “modern crime decline.” However, few studies have endeavored to explain this divergence, and many that do often attribute any differences to a regional dummy variable said to characterize some unique phenomenon occurring in the region (i.e., machismo) without modeling specifically for levels of said phenomenon. As such, this study uses a panel extension of a well-known homicide model (Land, McCall, & Cohen, 1990) in a …
Interactive Effects Of Family Stability, Emotion Regulation, And Community Violence Exposure On Depressive Symptoms, Rae Drach
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Family stability is an important contributor to children’s development and adjustment. The current study examines how emotion regulation and community violence exposure may jointly moderate the relationship between family stability and depressive symptoms within youth from a high-risk (e.g., low-income, high crime) community. Participants (N = 49) completed self-report questionnaires assessing their stability of family activities, use of different emotion regulation strategies, exposure to community violence, and experience of depressive symptoms. Results indicated a significant three-way interaction among family stability, emotion regulation, and community violence exposure in accounting for depressive symptoms. Greater family stability generally predicted fewer depressive symptoms; however, …
The Responsibility To Prevent : Neocolonialism, Poverty And Mass Atrocity Crimes In Africa, Eileen Brino
The Responsibility To Prevent : Neocolonialism, Poverty And Mass Atrocity Crimes In Africa, Eileen Brino
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The Responsibility to Protect principle was founded on the premise that sovereignty requires responsibility. The principle establishes the responsibility of states to protect their citizens from mass atrocity crimes and shifts the responsibility to the international community if states fail. This thesis explains how former colonies have had particular difficulty in meeting this responsibility and often fail to protect their populations from things like severe poverty and human rights abuses including mass atrocity crimes. In former colonies the matter of responsibility is complicated by the residual effects of colonial policies that often leave former colonies impoverished, dependent, socially fragmented and …
Relationships Among Community Violence Exposure, Physiological Stress Responses, And Resilience In Children, Cheryl Kayleen Best
Relationships Among Community Violence Exposure, Physiological Stress Responses, And Resilience In Children, Cheryl Kayleen Best
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This study seeks to understand how resilience is affected by physiological stress responses in the context of community violence. The hypothesis of this paper is that physiological indicators of salivary cortisol and salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) would moderate a relation between community violence exposure in children and the expression of resilience. Forty-nine children aged nine to twelve were recruited from an after-school program located in an area with high levels of community violence. Results supported our hypothesis for sAA as a moderator of the relation between community violence and resilience, such that at high sAA reactivity, a negative relation exists between …
Embedded Violence : A Quantitative Analysis Of Political Violence In India, Madhukar K. Shetty
Embedded Violence : A Quantitative Analysis Of Political Violence In India, Madhukar K. Shetty
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
ABSTRACT
Live Fast, Die Young : Anticipated Early Death And Adolescent Violence And Gang Involvement, Arna Leigh Carlock
Live Fast, Die Young : Anticipated Early Death And Adolescent Violence And Gang Involvement, Arna Leigh Carlock
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Strategies employed by criminal justice agencies to reduce offending often focus on deterrence, with policies relying on the threat of punishment to discourage individuals from crime. However, such strategies will fail if individuals do not fear these consequences, or when potential rewards of offending outweigh the risks. According to life history theory, adolescents with a dangerous or unpredictable childhood environment discount the future and engage in risky behaviors because they have little to lose. Many adolescents embody this “live fast, die young” mentality, particularly those already at risk of delinquency due to other factors. The scientific literature refers to this …
The Role Of Stressors And Academic Competence In Adolescent Depression By Race, Ishani Ravindra Deo
The Role Of Stressors And Academic Competence In Adolescent Depression By Race, Ishani Ravindra Deo
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether adolescents’ perceptions of academic competence serve as a mediator of the relationship between various kinds of stressful experiences and depression symptoms. Additionally, we hypothesized that the utility of this model would change with adolescents’ race. Methods: The sample consisted of 260 adolescents, approximately half of whom were African American (N = 141) and half of whom were European American (N = 119). Measures were administered to participants at a single time point via in-school questionnaires, and the resulting data were analyzed both for mediation and with moderated path analyses. Results: …
International Dating Violence Study: A Look Between Parental Status And Psychological Aggression, Samantha Winzenried
International Dating Violence Study: A Look Between Parental Status And Psychological Aggression, Samantha Winzenried
Social Welfare
Dating Violence occurs in many forms and can be committed by anyone (Wekerle & Wolfe, 1999). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention there are four core types of intimate partner violence: physical violence, sexual violence, threats of physical or sexual violence, and psychological/emotional violence. This study examines the relationship between current parental status and psychological aggression toward a partner. Data are drawn from the International Dating Violence Study collected from more than 14,000 students in 68 universities in over 30 countries worldwide (Straus, International Dating Violence Study, 2001-2006, 2011). Data were collected using two different scales the …
Socially Situated Identities Of Gay Gang- And Crime-Involved Men, Vanessa R. Panfil
Socially Situated Identities Of Gay Gang- And Crime-Involved Men, Vanessa R. Panfil
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Within the criminological literature, gay men have primarily been portrayed as victims of anti-gay bias crimes or intimate partner violence, or as sex workers and/or drug users. This coverage, which is limited in scope, largely fails to recognize that gay men have agency (choice or power to control the situation). It also provides an incomplete picture regarding gay men's involvement in gangs, violence, and crime.
Impact Of Gender Inequality And Religion On How States Experience Terrorism, Aneela Salman
Impact Of Gender Inequality And Religion On How States Experience Terrorism, Aneela Salman
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This dissertation includes three essays that present a quantitative analysis of the policy implications of gender equality and religious attitudes as predictors of terrorism at the state level using a broad dataset. Essay one focuses on impact of gender equality, especially women's political empowerment on terrorism, both domestic and transnational. The second essay examines both gender equality attitudes and actual outcomes in social, economic and political spheres, to measure their effect on terrorism. The third essay analyzes the relation of religiousness in a society with incidents and lethality of terrorism. The overall findings of this thesis suggest that attitudes and …
The Value Of Human Life : An Individual-Level Determinant Of Violence, Maria Tcherni
The Value Of Human Life : An Individual-Level Determinant Of Violence, Maria Tcherni
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
My contribution to the study of causes of violence in criminology is introducing a theoretical concept of the Value of Life (VL) and developing an empirical solution to measuring it. The value that an individual implicitly assigns to the human life - both his/her own life and other people's lives - is a theoretical concept that synthesizes information about precursors, correlates, and determinates of violence. The VL concept provides a meaningful way to explain some phenomena not commonly associated with violent behavior (for example, reckless behavior with regard to one's health), while also illuminating some puzzling associations consistently found in …
Darwin's Other Idea : Sexual Selection, Gender And Violence, Robert Samuel Moschgat
Darwin's Other Idea : Sexual Selection, Gender And Violence, Robert Samuel Moschgat
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This dissertation provides an empirical exploration of Darwin's theory of sexual selection, which views the male propensity to engage in short term mating strategies--sexual promiscuity and violence--as the result of sexual selection. Within an environmental context, biological father and mother household presence are expected to inhibit the initiation of short-term mating strategies and increase parental investment--paternal and maternal attachments, supervision, and protection. Whereas, structural disadvantage--living in poverty and in dangerous neighborhoods--is predicted to increase the initiation of a short-term mating strategies and compromise the parents' ability to protect their children and by weakening paternal and maternal attachments, thereby increasing the …
To Fight Or Not To Fight: Examining Violence As An Organizational Choice, Jayson Kratoville
To Fight Or Not To Fight: Examining Violence As An Organizational Choice, Jayson Kratoville
Political Science
Non-governmental organizations have become a key concern for international relations theorists and comparative thinkers. While most NGO’s promote their social, political, and economic interests through peaceful means, some use violence; this study seeks to understand why. I assert that the use of violence is a tactical decision made at the dyadic level in consideration of resources that are vital to the organization’s survival. This investigation uses principles from the theory of resource dependency to analyze cases where one NGO uses violence in the same ‘system’ as another that does not. I conclude that organizations dependent on social actors for vital …
Authoritarian Parenting : A Race Socializing Protective Factor That Deters African American Adolescents From Delinquency And Violence, Frank S. Pezzella
Authoritarian Parenting : A Race Socializing Protective Factor That Deters African American Adolescents From Delinquency And Violence, Frank S. Pezzella
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
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