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Selected Works

Daniel P Aldrich

Articles 1 - 30 of 51

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Challenges To Coordination: Understanding Intergovernmental Friction During Disasters (Pre Print), Daniel P. Aldrich Dec 2019

Challenges To Coordination: Understanding Intergovernmental Friction During Disasters (Pre Print), Daniel P. Aldrich

Daniel P Aldrich

While idealized crisis response involves smooth coordination between relevant actors, friction between levels of government and between the state and civil society in responding to catastrophe may be more common. This article builds a theory of cross-level friction during and after crisis by analyzing the conditions when discord is most likely. With a medium-N dataset (N = 18) of disaster responses from, among other countries, Chile, Haiti, Japan, North America, the Philippines, and Somalia, I carry out quantitative and qualitative analysis of cases with a variety of levels of friction to investigate the conditions that lead to misalignment. Tobit regression, …

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Countering Violent Extremism In Trinidad And Tobago: An Evaluation, Daniel P. Aldrich, Raghunath Mahabir Sep 2019

Countering Violent Extremism In Trinidad And Tobago: An Evaluation, Daniel P. Aldrich, Raghunath Mahabir

Daniel P Aldrich

Much research has focused on explaining the very high rate of radicalization among a small number of Caribbean island nations. This paper instead investigates the history and current status of countering violent extremism policies in Trinidad and Tobago, focusing on government, international partners, and local NGO programming in the field. Through an analysis of extended interviews with grassroots organizations, politicians, and members of the security administration alongside a desk review of existing literature and evaluations of CVE programming, we seek to illuminate gaps between official policies and actual, on the ground practices. While authorities in Trinidad and Tobago have recognized …

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Substitute Or Complement? How Social Capital, Age, And Ses Interacted To Impact Mortality In Japan's 3/11 Tsunami, Maoxin Ye, Daniel P. Aldrich May 2019

Substitute Or Complement? How Social Capital, Age, And Ses Interacted To Impact Mortality In Japan's 3/11 Tsunami, Maoxin Ye, Daniel P. Aldrich

Daniel P Aldrich

Research underscoring the critical nature of social capital and collective action during crises often overlooks the ways that social ties interact with vulnerability factors such as age and socioeconomic status. We use three different data structures and five types of regression models to study mortality rates across 542 inundated neighborhoods from nearly 40 cities, towns, and villages in Japan's Tohoku region which was flooded by the 11 March 2011 tsunami. Controlling for factors thought important in past studies - including geographic administrative, and demographic conditions - we find that social capital interacts with age and socioeconomic status to strongly correlate …

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Social Ties Are The Engine Of Resilience, Daniel P. Aldrich, Danae Metaxa, Paige Maas Jul 2018

Social Ties Are The Engine Of Resilience, Daniel P. Aldrich, Danae Metaxa, Paige Maas

Daniel P Aldrich

Many deaths that occur during events such as flooding, fires, hurricanes and mudslides, could be prevented by leaving vulnerable areas, but people don’t always move, even after receiving evacuation orders or warnings of imminent risk. To understand why, the authors worked with Facebook to understand evacuation patterns based on the structure of people’s social networks before, during and after hurricanes. We found that social networks, especially connections to those beyond immediate family, influence decisions to leave or stay in place before disasters.

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Aldrich Et Al 2018 Social Capital And Natural Hazards Governance - Oxford Research Encyclopedia Of Natural Hazard Science.Pdf, Daniel P. Aldrich, Michelle A. Meyer, Courtney Page-Tan Jan 2018

Aldrich Et Al 2018 Social Capital And Natural Hazards Governance - Oxford Research Encyclopedia Of Natural Hazard Science.Pdf, Daniel P. Aldrich, Michelle A. Meyer, Courtney Page-Tan

Daniel P Aldrich

Social capital has a long history in social science research and scholarship, particularly in how it has grown within various disciplines. Broadly, the term describes how social ties generate norms of reciprocity and trust, allow collective action, build solidarity, and foster information and resource flows among people. From education to
crime, social capital has been shown to have positive impacts on individual and community outcomes, and research in natural hazards has similarly shown positive outcomes for individual and community resilience. Social capital also can foster negative outcomes, including exclusionary practices, corruption, and increased inequality.
Understanding which types of social capital …

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The Right Way To Build Resilience To Climate Change, Daniel P. Aldrich Dec 2017

The Right Way To Build Resilience To Climate Change, Daniel P. Aldrich

Daniel P Aldrich

For years it was possible to assume that climate change would create problems only for future generations. No longer. Societies around the world now face the effects of climate change on a daily basis. Millions of people from developing countries flee every year from slowly unfolding climate related crises like drought and famine. This article examines how social infrastructure can provide one framework for societies seeking to undertake radical transformation during the Anthropocene Era.

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How Social Ties Influence Evacuation Behavior, Danae Metaxa-Kakavouli, Paige Maas, Daniel P. Aldrich Dec 2017

How Social Ties Influence Evacuation Behavior, Danae Metaxa-Kakavouli, Paige Maas, Daniel P. Aldrich

Daniel P Aldrich

Natural disasters carry enormous costs every year, both in terms of lives and materials. Evacuation from potentially affected areas stands out among the most critical factors that can reduce mortality and vulnerability to crisis. We know surprisingly little about the factors that drive this important and often life-saving behavior, though recent work has suggested that social capital may play a critical and previously underestimated role in disaster preparedness. Moving beyond retrospective self-reporting and vehicle count estimates, we use social media data to examine connections between levels of social capital and evacuation behavior. This work is the first of its kind, …

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Engineering Meets Institutions: An Interdisciplinary Approach To Management Of Resilience, Nader Naderpajouh, David Yu, Daniel P. Aldrich, Igor Linkov, Juri Matinheikki Dec 2017

Engineering Meets Institutions: An Interdisciplinary Approach To Management Of Resilience, Nader Naderpajouh, David Yu, Daniel P. Aldrich, Igor Linkov, Juri Matinheikki

Daniel P Aldrich

In this study, we carry out a review of three different perspectives on resilience - engineering, social, and organizational - in order to explore resilience management in the context of governance of infrastructure systems. We discuss the common practices to address resilience of engineering systems, the need and current trend for integration of institutions into these practices through formal as well as informal mechanisms. To illustrate our theorizing, we provide three illustrative case studies.

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Social Capital As A Shield Against Anxiety Among Displaced Residents From Fukushima, Keiko Iwasaki, Yasuyuki Sawada, Daniel P. Aldrich Dec 2017

Social Capital As A Shield Against Anxiety Among Displaced Residents From Fukushima, Keiko Iwasaki, Yasuyuki Sawada, Daniel P. Aldrich

Daniel P Aldrich

The March 2011 meltdowns at the Fukushima nuclear power plants in Japan resulted in an increased risk of psychological distress among affected residents. We conducted original surveys of Futaba residents, a town in Fukushima where all of the residents were forced to evacuate from their homes due to radioactive contamination,
obtaining 585 responses (a response rate of about 20%). Using this original data set, we investigate the role of social capital in maintaining mental health among the residents. First, we found the level of stress captured by the Kessler index (K6) to be unusually high compared both with people across …

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Urban Resilience Implementation: A Policy Challenge And Research Agenda For The 21st Century, Jon Coaffee, Marie-Christine Therrien, Lorenzo Chelleri, Daniel Henstra, Daniel P. Aldrich, Carrie Mitchell, Sasha Tsenkova, Eric Riguad Dec 2017

Urban Resilience Implementation: A Policy Challenge And Research Agenda For The 21st Century, Jon Coaffee, Marie-Christine Therrien, Lorenzo Chelleri, Daniel Henstra, Daniel P. Aldrich, Carrie Mitchell, Sasha Tsenkova, Eric Riguad

Daniel P Aldrich

Resilience has risen rapidly over the last decade to become one of the key terms in international policy and academic discussions associated with civil contingencies and crisis management. As governments and institutions confront threats such as environmental hazards, technological accidents, climate change, and terrorist attacks, they recognise that resilience can serve as a key policy response. Many organisations including the United Nations, the European Union, the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, government agencies and departments, international non-governmental organisations and community groups promote resilience. However, with the rapid rise of resilience has come uncertainty as to how it should be built …

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Triggers For Policy Change: The 3.11 Fukushima Meltdowns And Nuclear Policy Continuity, Daniel P. Aldrich, Summer Forester, Elisa Horhager Dec 2017

Triggers For Policy Change: The 3.11 Fukushima Meltdowns And Nuclear Policy Continuity, Daniel P. Aldrich, Summer Forester, Elisa Horhager

Daniel P Aldrich

The 3.11 compounded disaster in Tohoku, Japan served as catalyst for some nations, including Germany, Belgium, and Italy, to alter nuclear policies but had no impact on the approaches of a number of others such as Vietnam, China, and Russia. Our article investigates why, despite facing the same focusing event, private- and state-owned utilities in some countries altered their nuclear energy policies while others kept the status quo. We use a mixed-methods approach to understand this variation in energy policy outcomes. Our quantitative analysis of 84 countries based on a new, sui generis dataset shows that Green Party vote share …

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Review Of Koichi Hasegawa's Book Beyond Fukushima, Daniel P. Aldrich Dec 2016

Review Of Koichi Hasegawa's Book Beyond Fukushima, Daniel P. Aldrich

Daniel P Aldrich

This important new book tackles a question that has vexed many observers since the March 11, 2011 earthquake and tsunami set off meltdowns at the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plants in Japan. While in the early 2000s many observers proclaimed the start of a global nuclear renaissance, the inability of the Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) to prevent and then successful contain a nuclear accident at Fukushima put that on hold.

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Trust Deficit: Japanese Communities And The Challenge Of Rebuilding Tohoku, Daniel P. Aldrich Dec 2016

Trust Deficit: Japanese Communities And The Challenge Of Rebuilding Tohoku, Daniel P. Aldrich

Daniel P Aldrich

Trust between civil society and the state is a necessary pre-condition for successful public policy in advanced industrial democracies. It is all the more important following a mass catastrophe that affects hundreds of thousands and upends the rhythms of daily life across the country. Choices made by the Japanese government and energy utilities during and after the compounded 11 March 2011 disasters damaged relationships between civil society, utility firms, and the government. This article looks at how decision makers in Japan continue to struggle with a trust deficit and how that gap has altered the behavior of NGOs and civil …

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Creating Community Resilience Through Elder-Led Physical And Social Infrastructure, Daniel P. Aldrich, Emi Kiyota Dec 2016

Creating Community Resilience Through Elder-Led Physical And Social Infrastructure, Daniel P. Aldrich, Emi Kiyota

Daniel P Aldrich

Objective: Natural disasters and rapidly aging populations are chronic problems for societies worldwide. We investigated the effects of an intervention in Japan known as Ibasho, which embeds elderly residents in vulnerable areas within larger social networks and encourages them to participate in leadership activities. This project sought to deepen the connections of these elderly residents to society and to build elderly leadership and community capacity for future crises. Methods: We carried out surveys of participants and nonparticipant residents across the city of Ofunato in Tohoku, Japan, 1 year after the intervention began. Our surveys included questions assessing participation levels in …

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All Politics Is Local: Judicial And Electoral Institutions’ Role In Japan’S Nuclear Restarts, Daniel P. Aldrich, Timothy Fraser Dec 2016

All Politics Is Local: Judicial And Electoral Institutions’ Role In Japan’S Nuclear Restarts, Daniel P. Aldrich, Timothy Fraser

Daniel P Aldrich

Since the 3/11 compounded disasters, Japanese energy policy, especially its nuclear policy, has been paralyzed. After the Fukushima disasters, public opinion turned against nuclear energy while the central government continues to push for restarts of the many offline reactors. Based on nearly thirty interviews with relevant actors and primary and secondary materials, we use qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) and five case studies to illuminate the impact of conditions influencing reactor restarts in Japan after 3/11. We investigate which local actors hold the greatest power to veto nuclear power policy, and why and when they choose to use it. Key decisions …

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The Importance Of Social Capital In Building Community Resilience, Daniel P. Aldrich Dec 2016

The Importance Of Social Capital In Building Community Resilience, Daniel P. Aldrich

Daniel P Aldrich

This chapter uses examples from a number of recent disasters to illuminate the ways that social capital serves as a critical part of resilience. Specifically the article looks at the response from the perspective of social networks to disaster in Bangkok, Thailand, the Tohoku region of Japan, and Christchurch in New Zealand. I introduce three types of social capital—bonding, bridging, and linking— and discuss the mechanism by which they are created and employed using concrete examples. In these cases social cohesion keeps people from leaving disaster-struck regions, allows for the easy mobilization of groups, and provides informal insurance
when normal …

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Aldrich Review Of Urban Confrontations In Literature And Social Science.Pdf, Daniel P. Aldrich Dec 2015

Aldrich Review Of Urban Confrontations In Literature And Social Science.Pdf, Daniel P. Aldrich

Daniel P Aldrich

Review of Edward Ahearn's 2010 book Urban Confrontations in Literature and Social Science, 1848-2001: European Contexts, American Evolutions

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Social Capital And Climate Change Adaptation, Daniel P. Aldrich, Courtney M. Page, Chris Paul Dec 2015

Social Capital And Climate Change Adaptation, Daniel P. Aldrich, Courtney M. Page, Chris Paul

Daniel P Aldrich

A great deal of research has shown how social capital (the bonding, bridging, and linking connections to others) provides information on trustworthiness, facilitates collective action, and connects us to external resources during disasters and crises. We know far less about the relationship between social capital and adaptation behaviors in terms of the choices that people make to accommodate changing environmental conditions. A number of unanswered but critical questions remain: How precisely does social capital function in climate change adaptation? To what degree does strong bonding social capital substitute for successful adaptation behaviors for individuals or groups? Which combinations of social …

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Aldrich Review Of Economic And Natural Disasters 2016.Pdf, Daniel P. Aldrich Dec 2015

Aldrich Review Of Economic And Natural Disasters 2016.Pdf, Daniel P. Aldrich

Daniel P Aldrich

In this review I focus on the new book by John Singleton entitled Economic and Natural Disasters since 1900. Its biggest contribution is a new, expanded disaster cycle.

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Review Of Managing Disasters And Disasters And The American State, Daniel P. Aldrich Sep 2015

Review Of Managing Disasters And Disasters And The American State, Daniel P. Aldrich

Daniel P Aldrich

These two new books tackle the topic of disaster management and response from very different angles but share a focus on the role of public- and private-sector institutions in managing crises. Both works suggest that the United States should attempt a more optimal balance among private, public, and local actors than can be found in current disaster management systems.

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Social Capital And Resilience, Daniel P. Aldrich, Robert E. Smith Jul 2015

Social Capital And Resilience, Daniel P. Aldrich, Robert E. Smith

Daniel P Aldrich

Despite regular claims about the importance of communities and crisis-affected individuals, the humanitarian aid system remains in many respects a top-down, centralized system which too often overlooks the power of social networks and social capital among crisis-affected people. We show how social capital serves as a critical resource for those in crisis and illuminate the lack of research and programmatic focus on this resource in conflict situations in less developed countries (LDCs)--where the large majority of the world’s humanitarian needs and aid occur. We believe that the World Humanitarian Summit (WHS) can serve as a focal point for scholars, institutions …

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It's Who You Know: Factors Driving Recovery From Japan's 11 March 2011 Disaster, Daniel P. Aldrich May 2015

It's Who You Know: Factors Driving Recovery From Japan's 11 March 2011 Disaster, Daniel P. Aldrich

Daniel P Aldrich

The 11 March 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake affected dozens of coastal communities along the shore of Japan’s Tohoku region. Following the earthquake, tsunami and nuclear meltdowns, utilities, businesses and schools in some towns have bounced back to pre-disaster capacity while other municipalities have lagged behind. The question of which factors accelerate the recovery of business, infrastructure and population after the disaster remains unanswered. This article uses a new dataset of roughly 40 disaster-affected cities, towns and villages in the area to identify the factors connected with recovery. More than tsunami damage, spending on disaster mitigation, population density, economic conditions …

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The Need For Social Capital: More Trust Meant Fewer Deaths In Tohoku, Daniel P. Aldrich Apr 2015

The Need For Social Capital: More Trust Meant Fewer Deaths In Tohoku, Daniel P. Aldrich

Daniel P Aldrich

While the 3/11 compounded disasters claimed more than 18,000 lives, the mortality rates varied widely across more than 140 coastal communities. This article summarizes our findings published in the Social Science and Medicine journal to underscore the role of social networks and trust during disaster.

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The Physical And Social Determinants Of Mortality In The 3.11 Tsunami, Daniel P. Aldrich, Yasuyuki Sawada Dec 2014

The Physical And Social Determinants Of Mortality In The 3.11 Tsunami, Daniel P. Aldrich, Yasuyuki Sawada

Daniel P Aldrich

Abstract: The human consequences of the 3.11 tsunami were not distributed equally across the municipalities of the Tohoku region of northeastern Japan. Instead, the mortality rate from the massive waves varied tremendously from zero to ten percent of the local residential population. What accounts for this variation remains a critical question for researchers and policy makers alike. This paper uses a new, sui generis data set including all villages, towns, and cities on the Pacific Ocean side of the Tohoku region to untangle the factors connected to mortality during the disaster. With data on demographic, geophysical, infrastructure, social capital, and …

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Elders Leading The Way To Resilience, Emi Kiyota, Yasuhiro Tanaka, Margaret Arnold, Daniel P. Aldrich Dec 2014

Elders Leading The Way To Resilience, Emi Kiyota, Yasuhiro Tanaka, Margaret Arnold, Daniel P. Aldrich

Daniel P Aldrich

The theory of change behind this project draws on multiple constructs, including elder empowerment, ibasho, community bonding, social capital, and community resilience. 1. Empowering elders changes the way they feel about their role in their community 2. Creating the Ibasho Café (both physical and social infrastructures) with elders in a leadership role increases the community bonding among the members of all ages 3. A strong sense of community bonding increases the level of social network and community participation, enhancing the sense of belonging and trust, and developing reciprocity between neighbors 4. An enhanced sense of social capital strengthens the community’s …

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Social Capital And Community Resilience, Daniel P. Aldrich, Michelle Meyer Dec 2013

Social Capital And Community Resilience, Daniel P. Aldrich, Michelle Meyer

Daniel P Aldrich

Despite the ubiquity of disaster and the increasing toll in human lives and financial costs, much research and policy remain focused on physical infrastructure–centered approaches to such events. Governmental organizations such as the Department of Homeland Security, United States Federal Emergency Management Agency, United States Agency for International Development, and United Kingdom’s Department for International Development continue to spend heavily on hardening levees, raising existing homes, and repairing damaged facilities despite evidence that social, not physical, infrastructure drives resilience. This article highlights the critical role of social capital and networks in disaster survival and recovery and lays out recent literature …

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First Steps Towards Hearts And Minds? Usaid’S Countering Violent Extremism Policies In Africa, Daniel P. Aldrich Dec 2013

First Steps Towards Hearts And Minds? Usaid’S Countering Violent Extremism Policies In Africa, Daniel P. Aldrich

Daniel P Aldrich

The United States government has adopted new approaches to counter violent extremist organizations around the world. “Soft security” and development programs include focused educational training for groups vulnerable to terrorist recruitment, norm messaging through local radio programming, and job creation in rural communities. This article evaluates the effectiveness of one set of these multi-vectored, community-level programs through data from 200 respondents in two similar, neighboring towns in northern Mali, Africa. The data show that residents in Timbuktu who were exposed to the programming for up to five years displayed measurably altered civic behavior and listening patterns in comparison with their …

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Rethinking Civil Society-State Relations In Japan After The Fukushima Incident, Daniel P. Aldrich Mar 2013

Rethinking Civil Society-State Relations In Japan After The Fukushima Incident, Daniel P. Aldrich

Daniel P Aldrich

The 3/11 combined disaster in Japan focused both Japanese civil society and government decision makers on the issue of nuclear power. Whereas surveys over the post war period indicated that many Japanese supported the growing role of nuclear power in Japan’s overall energy policy, the current crisis has resulted in a sea-change in public opinion. Even though some scholars have depicted Japanese civil society as comparatively weak and poorly organized, the disaster has stimulated citizen science, prompted large protests, and spurred many to challenge governmental authority. This article investigates the ways that Japan’s relatively stable patterns of state-and-civil-society relations have …

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Response To My Critics, Daniel P. Aldrich Feb 2013

Response To My Critics, Daniel P. Aldrich

Daniel P Aldrich

This article responds to the questions and criticisms raised by six reviewers about my book Building Resilience: Social Capital in Post-Disaster Recovery. I focus on the distinctions between social capital types (bonding, bridging, and linking), the difficulties in pinning down widely accepted proxies for social capital, the double edged nature of social networks, race, class, and ethnicity, and public policies which can deepen reservoirs of social capital. Given the ubiquitous nature of disasters and society’s need to move beyond technical and engineering-based responses to crisis, this article continues an important dialogue on the role of human factors in disaster management …

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A Normal Accident Or A Sea-Change? Nuclear Host Communities Respond To The 3/11 Disaster, Daniel P. Aldrich Jan 2013

A Normal Accident Or A Sea-Change? Nuclear Host Communities Respond To The 3/11 Disaster, Daniel P. Aldrich

Daniel P Aldrich

While 3/11 has altered energy policies around the world, insufficient attention has focused on reactions from local nuclear power plant host communities and their neighbors throughout Japan. Using site visits to such towns, interviews with relevant actors, and secondary and tertiary literature, this article investigates the community crisis management strategies of two types of cities, towns, and villages: thosewhich have nuclear plants directly in their backyards and neighboring cities further away (within a 30 mile radius). Responses to the disaster have varied with distance to nuclear facilities but in a way contrary to the standard theories based on the concept …

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