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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Do Familiar Memory Items Decay?, Timothy J. Ricker, Joshua Sandry, Evie Vergauwe, Nelson Cowan
Do Familiar Memory Items Decay?, Timothy J. Ricker, Joshua Sandry, Evie Vergauwe, Nelson Cowan
Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
There is a long-standing debate over whether the passage of time causes forgetting from working memory, a process called trace decay. Researchers providing evidence against the existence of trace decay generally study memory by presenting familiar verbal memory items for 1 s or more per memory item, during the study period. In contrast, researchers providing evidence for trace decay tend to use unfamiliar nonverbal memory items presented for 1 s or less per memory item, during the study period. Taken together, these investigations suggest that familiar items may not decay while unfamiliar items do decay. The availability of verbal rehearsal …
Poor Encoding And Weak Early Consolidation Underlie Memory Acquisition Deficits In Multiple Sclerosis: Retroactive Interference, Processing Speed, Or Working Memory?, Joshua Sandry, Mark Zuppichini, Jessica Rothberg, Zerbrina Valdespino-Hayden, John Deluca
Poor Encoding And Weak Early Consolidation Underlie Memory Acquisition Deficits In Multiple Sclerosis: Retroactive Interference, Processing Speed, Or Working Memory?, Joshua Sandry, Mark Zuppichini, Jessica Rothberg, Zerbrina Valdespino-Hayden, John Deluca
Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
Objective: Learning and memory impairments are common in multiple sclerosis (MS) and may be related to difficulty acquiring (encoding or consolidating) new information. We evaluate the role of retroactive interference and investigate whether minimizing interference immediately following encoding (early during consolidation) will improve MS participants' ability to remember new verbal information. Additionally, we investigate processing speed differences between memory-impaired and unimpaired participants and present an exploratory analysis of how the dual-components of working memory (capacity vs. processing) relate to memory impairment. Method: MS memory-unimpaired (N = 12) and MS memory-impaired participants (N = 12) were compared to healthy controls (N …
Implicit Memory Of Locations And Identities: A Developmental Study, Jennifer Yang, Edward C. Merrill
Implicit Memory Of Locations And Identities: A Developmental Study, Jennifer Yang, Edward C. Merrill
Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
Objects in the environment have both location and identity properties. However, it is unclear how these independent properties are processed and combined in the implicit domain. The current study investigated the development of the implicit memory of object locations and object identities, both independently and combined, and the relation between implicit memory and working memory (WM) for these properties. Three age groups participated: 6- and 7-year-old children, 9- and 10-year-old children, and adults. Children and adults completed a repeated search paradigm. In the learning phase, targets’ locations were consistently predicted by both the identities and locations of the distracters. In …
The Relationship Between Masking And Short-Term Consolidation During Recall From Visual Working Memory, Timothy J. Ricker, Joshua Sandry
The Relationship Between Masking And Short-Term Consolidation During Recall From Visual Working Memory, Timothy J. Ricker, Joshua Sandry
Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
The presentation of a similar but irrelevant stimulus immediately following presentation of a memory item is called masking. Masking is known to reduce performance on working memory tests. This is the type of memory used to hold information in mind for brief periods of time for use in ongoing cognition. Two approaches to understanding masking effects have been proposed in different literatures. Working memory researchers often assume that the reduction in working memory performance after masking is because masking interferes with a transient sensory representation that is needed to complete consolidation into a working memory state. Researchers focused on the …
The Contributions Of Handedness And Working Memory To Episodic Memory, Aparna Sahu, Stephen D. Christman, Ruth Propper
The Contributions Of Handedness And Working Memory To Episodic Memory, Aparna Sahu, Stephen D. Christman, Ruth Propper
Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
Past studies have independently shown associations of working memory and degree of handedness with episodic memory retrieval. The current study takes a step ahead by examining whether handedness and working memory independently predict episodic memory. In agreement with past studies, there was an inconsistent-handed advantage for episodic memory; however, this advantage was absent for working memory tasks. Furthermore, regression analyses showed handedness, and complex working memory predicted episodic memory performance at different times. Results are discussed in light of theories of episodic memory and hemispheric interaction.
Does Task Shifting Ability Mediate Gender Based Stereotype Threat Induction?, Nancy Luddey Torres CalderóN
Does Task Shifting Ability Mediate Gender Based Stereotype Threat Induction?, Nancy Luddey Torres CalderóN
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
This study examined whether set shifting mediates the relationship between induction of stereotype threat and performance on organizational selection processes in men and women. Undergraduate students (N=90) were assessed in time in seconds to complete the Trial Making Test (TMT) part B, number of error in TMT-B and performance in a cognitive ability test after being exposed to one of three condition: non-stereotype threat, stereotype threat, and stereotyped threat alleviation. We predicted that females who had Stereotype Threat induced would do worse on the Cognitive Ability math Test (CAT) taken as part of the selection process, that they would take …