Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Income Inequality And Household Debt: A Cointegration Test, Edmond Berisha, John Meszaros, Eric Olson

Department of Economics Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

This article employs the Johansen and Engle–Granger methodology to determine if there is a cointegrating relationship between household debt and income inequality as measured by Atkinson, Piketty and Saez (2011). The results suggest a cointegrating relationship between the two series. A vector error correction model is estimated showing that a shock to household debt has statistically significant effects on income inequality in the United States over the time period 1919–2009.

Paleoenvironmental Evidence For First Human Colonization Of The Eastern Caribbean, Peter Siegel, John G. Jones, Deborah M. Pearsall, Nicholas P. Dunning, Pat Farrell, Neil A. Duncan, Jason H. Curtis, Sushant K. Singh

Department of Anthropology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Identifying and dating first human colonization of new places is challenging, especially when group sizes were small and material traces of their occupations were ephemeral. Generating reliable reconstructions of human colonization patterns from intact archaeological sites may be difficult to impossible given post-depositional taphonomic processes and in cases of island and coastal locations the inundation of landscapes resulting from post-Pleistocene sea-level rise. Paleoenvironmental reconstruction is proving to be a more reliable method of identifying small-scale human colonization events than archaeological data alone. We demonstrate the method through a sediment-coring project across the Lesser Antilles and southern Caribbean. Paleoenvironmental data were …

Ramsey Equilibrium With Liberal Borrowing, Robert A. Becker, Kirill Borissov, Ram Dubey

Department of Economics Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

This paper considers a multi-agent one-sector Ramsey equilibrium growth model with borrowing constraints. The extreme borrowing constraint used in the classical version of the model, surveyed in Becker (2006), and the limited form of borrowing constraint examined in Borissov and Dubey (2015) are relaxed to allow more liberal borrowing by the households. A perfect foresight equilibrium is shown to exist in this economy. We describe the steady state equilibria for the liberal borrowing regime and show that as the borrowing regime is progressively liberalized, the steady state wealth inequality increases. Unlike the case of a limited borrowing regime, an equilibrium …

We Don’T Always Mean What We Say: Attitudes Toward Statutory Exclusion Of Juvenile Offenders From Juvenile Court Jurisdiction, Tina Zotolli, Tarika Daftary Kapur, Patricia A. Zapf

Department of Justice Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

In the United States, juvenile offenders are often excluded from the jurisdiction of the juvenile court on the basis of age and crime type alone. Data from national surveys and data from psycholegal research on support for adult sanction of juvenile offenders are often at odds. The ways in which questions are asked and the level of detail provided to respondents and research participants may influence expressed opinions. Respondents may also be more likely to agree with harsh sanctions when they have fewer offender- and case-specific details to consider. Here, we test the hypothesis that attitudes supporting statutory exclusion laws …

The Importance Of E-Government And Data Information Literacy For Student Success, Darren L. Sweeper

Sprague Library Scholarship and Creative Works

The old adage, “From the cradle to the grave” takes on greater significance when we consider the important role that E- Government and Data Information Literacy plays in the success of students.

Responsible Girls: The Spatialized Politics Of Feminine Success And Aspiration In A Divided Silicon Valley, Usa, Elsa M Davidson

Department of Anthropology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

This article offers a comparative ethnographic examination of working-class Latina and middle-class white girls’ narratives of aspiration and expressions of self-cultivation in early twenty-first-century Silicon Valley, USA. I argue that such girls’ subject-making statements of aspiration and gendered practices of self-cultivation reflect their emotively charged negotiations of race and class differentiated ideals of feminine success, their experience of school and community spaces inscribed by hierarchies of race, class, and gender, and shifting political-economic circumstances. Moreover, I maintain that such statements and practices reveal girls’ engagements with an open-ended gendered dynamic of responsibilization.

What The Gorilla Saw: Environmental Studies And The Novel Ishmael, Ian Drake

Department of Political Science and Law Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Climate Change In Private Child Welfare Organizations, Catherine K. Lawrence, Wendy Zeitlin, Charles Auerbach, Nancy Claiborne

Department of Social Work and Child Advocacy Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Agency-based design teams effectively address workforce issues in public child welfare agencies. This article presents findings from an adaptation of a design team intervention for private child welfare agencies. A longitudinal mixed-methodology design measures effects of the intervention and conditions of implementation. Pre–post surveys of workers (n = 137) and a comparison group (n = 153) measure climate, job satisfaction, perceptions of child welfare, and intent to leave. Statistically significant increases of 0.37 points on dimensions of organizational justice and support (justice: p = 0.01; support: p = 0.03) parallel the team’s perceived effect of their work—that it will make …

Sexuality Education Websites For Adolescents: A Framework-Based Content Analysis, Sara Silverio Marques, Jessica S. Lin, Summer Starling, Aubrey G. Daquiz, Eva Goldfarb, Kimberly Garcia, Norman A. Constantine

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

The web has unique potential for adolescents seeking comprehensive sexual health information. As such, it is important to understand the nature, scope, and readability of the content and messaging provided by sexuality educational websites. We conducted a content analysis of 14 sexuality education websites for adolescents, based on the 7 essential components (sexual and reproductive health and HIV, relationships, sexual rights and sexual citizenship, pleasure, violence, diversity, and gender) of the International Planned Parenthood Framework for Comprehensive Sexuality Education. A majority of content across all sites focused on sexual and reproductive health and HIV, particularly pregnancy and STI prevention, and …

Know Your Value: Negotiation Skill Development For Junior Investigators In The Academic Environment—A Report From The American Society Of Preventive Oncology's Junior Members Interest Group, Allison B. Burton-Chase, Maria C. Swartz, Stephanie A. Navarro Silvera, Karen Basen-Engquist, Faith E. Fletcher, Peter G. Shields

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

The American Society of Preventive Oncology (ASPO) is a professional society for multidisciplinary investigators in cancer prevention and control. One of the aims of ASPO is to enable investigators at all levels to create new opportunities and maximize their success. One strategy adopted by ASPO was to develop the Junior Members Interest Group in 1999. The Interest Group membership includes predoctoral fellows, postdoctoral fellows, and junior faculty members who are provided career development and training opportunities (1). Responsibilities of the members of the Junior Members Interest Group include serving on the ASPO Executive Committee and the Program Planning …

The Murder Of Mapepe: Military Violence In Cold War Puerto Rico, Katherine Mccaffrey

Department of Anthropology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Young Children's Ability To Use Two-Dimensional And Three-Dimensional Symbols To Show Placements Of Body Touches And Hidden Objects, Nicole Lytle, Kamala London, Maggie Bruck

Department of Social Work and Child Advocacy Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

In two experiments, we investigated 3- to 5-year-old children's ability to use dolls and human figure drawings as symbols to map body touches. In Experiment 1, stickers were placed on different locations of children's bodies, and the children were asked to indicate the locations of the stickers using three different symbols: a doll, a human figure drawing, and the adult researcher. Performance on the tasks increased with age, but many 5-year-olds did not attain perfect performance. Surprisingly, younger children made more errors on the two-dimensional (2D) human figure drawing task compared with the three-dimensional (3D) doll and adult tasks. In …

Fundamentals Of Library Instruction, Darren Sweeper

Sprague Library Scholarship and Creative Works

No abstract provided.

A Socio-Demographic Analysis Of Responses To Terrorism, Gabriel Rubin, Christopher Salvatore

Department of Justice Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Extensive research has found that there are differences in reported levels of fear of crime and associated protective actions influenced by socio-demographic characteristics such as race and gender. Further studies, the majority of which focused on violent and property crime, have found that specific demographic characteristics influence fear of crime and protective behaviors. However, little research has focused on the influence of socio-demographic characteristics on perceptions, and protective actions in response to the threat of terrorism. Using data from the General Social Survey, this study compared individual-level protective actions and perceptions of the effectiveness of protective responses to the 9/11 …

Societal Factors Impacting Child Welfare: Validating The Perceptions Of Child Welfare Scale, Charles Auerbach, Wendy Zeitlin, Astraea Augsberger, Brenda G. Mcgowan, Nancy Claiborne, Catherine K. Lawrence

Department of Social Work and Child Advocacy Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Imagining The Unimaginable: Torture And The Criminal Law, Francesca Laguardia

Department of Justice Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

This article examines the use of torture by the U.S. government in the context of the late 20th-century preventive turn in criminal justice. Challenging the assumption that the use of “enhanced interrogation tactics” in the war on terror was an exceptional deviation from accepted norms, this article suggests that this deviation began decades before the terror attacks, in the context of conventional criminal procedure. I point to the use of the “ticking time bomb hypothetical,” and its connection to criminal procedure’s “kidnapping hypothetical.” Using case law and criminal procedure textbooks I trace the employment of that narrative over several decades, …

Twelve-Month-Old Infants’ Encoding Of Goal And Source Paths In Agentive And Non-Agentive Motion Events, Laura Lakusta, Susan Carey

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Across languages and event types (i.e., agentive and nonagentive motion, transfer, change of state, attach/detach), goal paths are privileged over source paths in the linguistic encoding of events. Furthermore, some linguistic analyses suggest that goal paths are more central than source paths in the semantic and syntactic structure of motion verbs. However, in the nonlinguistic memory of children and adults, a goal bias shows up only for events involving intentional, goal-directed, action. Three experiments explored infants’ nonlinguistic representations of goals and sources in motion events. The findings revealed that 12-month-old infants privilege goals over sources only when the event involves …

Climate Factors Related To Intention To Leave In Administrators And Clinical Professionals, Nancy Claiborne, Charles Auerbach, Wendy Zeitlin, Catherine K. Lawrence

Department of Social Work and Child Advocacy Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

This study seeks to identify the best-fitting model to determine which organizational factors relate to the various dimensions of not-for-profit administrators or clinicians' intention to leave their jobs. A structural equation model (SEM) analyzed data on 318 administrators and clinical professionals. Based on this analysis, the best-fitting model was comprised of three factors consisting of three latent variables, and four exogenous variables regressed on them. Model fit statistics indicated the data fit the model well. The Comparative Fit Index (CFI) values was 0.99. The Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) assessed the model's goodness-of-fit excellent at 0.99. The model indicates that administrators and …

Looks Like Chicken: Exploring The Law Of Similarity In Evaluation Of Foods Of Animal Origin And Their Vegan Substitutes, Shana Adise, Irina Gavdanovich, Debra Zellner

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Eighty omnivorous college students (four groups of 20) given chocolate milk, macaroni and cheese, chicken tenders and meatballs, or vegan substitutes for those four foods, were told either that they were eating the animal products or vegan substitutes. We expected the subjects who were told that they were eating vegan foods to rate those foods as less familiar and therefore expected them to be less willing to try them. We also thought that the subjects would expect those foods to taste worse and be more dangerous and disgusting, particularly the "flesh foods" and their vegan substitutes (chicken tenders and meatballs). …

Upending The Social Ecological Model To Guide Health Promotion Efforts Toward Policy And Environmental Change, Lisa D. Lieberman, Shelley D. Golden, Kenneth R. Mcleroy, Lawrence W. Green, Jo Anne L. Earp

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Efforts to change policies and the environments in which people live, work, and play have gained increasing attention over the past several decades. Yet health promotion frameworks that illustrate the complex processes that produce health-enhancing structural changes are limited. Building on the experiences of health educators, community activists, and community-based researchers described in this supplement and elsewhere, as well as several political, social, and behavioral science theories, we propose a new framework to organize our thinking about producing policy, environmental, and other structural changes. We build on the social ecological model, a framework widely employed in public health research and …

A Review Of "Discovering And Using Historical Geographic Resources On The Web: A Practical Guide For Librarians", Darren Sweeper

Sprague Library Scholarship and Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Life And Death In The Mental-Health Blogosphere: An Analysis Of Blog Content And Survival, Edward Alan Miller, Antoinette Pole, Bukola Usidame

Department of Political Science and Law Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

The purpose of this study was to describe a sample of mental-health blogs, to determine the proportion of sampled blogs still posting several years after identification, and to identify the correlates of survival. One hundred eighty-eight mental-health blogs were identified in 2007–08 and revisited in 2014. Eligible blogs were U.S.-based, in English, and active. Baseline characteristics and survival status were described and variation based on blog focus and survival examined. Mental health bloggers tended to be females blogging as patients and caregivers focusing on specific mental illnesses/conditions. The proportion of blogs still active at follow-up ranged from 25.5 percent to …

Resistance To Hunting In Pre-Independence India: Religious Environmentalism, Ecological Nationalism Or Cultural Conservation?, Ezra Rashkow

Department of History Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

This article presents new evidence with which to evaluate the validity of the popular picture of religious environmentalism in India. It examines accounts of a large number of incidents described in Indian language newspapers, the colonial archive, and hunting literature published between the 1870s and 1940s, in which British and other sportsmen clashed with villagers in India while out hunting. During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the colonial sports-hunting obsession was in its heyday, but opposition to hunting across India was also mounting. Rural villagers, in particular, were often willing to become involved in physical combat with hunters, …

The Effect Of Active Video Games On The Heart Rate Of Older Adults, Yeon Bai, Shahla M. Wunderlich, Diane M. Hanel

Department of Nutrition and Food Studies Scholarship and Creative Works

Background: Heart rate is used as a health biomarker. This aim of this study was to investigate the effects of playing active video games on the heart rate of older adults, in comparison to the heart rate after common table recreational activity.

Methods: An experimental study with 40 participants was conducted: a control group (n=20) participated in common Pokeno® card games; an experimental group (n=20) played WiiTM bowling. The participants’ pre- and post-activity heart rates were measured and compared between and within groups using t-tests.

Results: The findings signified an 11.9% increase (p

Conclusions: The inclusion of active video games …

Family Preservation And Healthy Outcomes For Pregnant And Parenting Teens In Foster Care: The Inwood House Theory Of Change, Lisa D. Lieberman, Linda Lausell Bryant, Keneca Boyce

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Teens in foster care give birth at more than twice the rate of other teens in the United States. Significant challenges exist for these most vulnerable teens and their babies. To preserve teens’ families, programs and services need to be able to improve teens’ prospects for parenting success, delay subsequent pregnancies, and reduce intergenerational placement in care. The Inwood House theory of change for pregnant and parenting teens is a roadmap for providing the range and types of services that have the potential to improve outcomes for these most vulnerable families. The theory of change builds on insights and data …

Organizational Climate Factors Of Successful And Not Successful Implementations Of Workforce Innovations In Voluntary Child Welfare Agencies, Nancy Claiborne, Charles Auerbach, Wendy Zeitlin, Catherine K. Lawrence

Department of Social Work and Child Advocacy Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

This study advances research on implementing innovations in child welfare organizations, confirming the association between a positive organizational climate and successful change initiative implementation. Administrators and child welfare workers from six agencies were surveyed using independent samples t-and OLS regressions. The organizational climate dimensions found significant were organization, job and role, indicating the three agencies that fully implemented a change initiative enjoyed a more positive organizational climate. The organization dimension was also significant for administrators, indicating a more positive climate perception than workers. Supervisor dimension was not significant, indicating no association whether or not the change initiative was implemented.

Where Have We Been And Where Are We Going? A Conceptual Framework For Child Advocacy, Michele Cascardi, Cathy Brown, Svetlana Shpiegel, Ariel Alvarez

Department of Social Work and Child Advocacy Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

The primary goal of this article is to chart the development of child advocacy as an interdisciplinary field of study and conclude with a conceptual framework for research and higher education in child advocacy. Historically, child advocacy has justifiably focused on protection needs. Values and assumptions about children's best interest have also governed child advocacy, in part because evidence to inform decisions was lacking and in part because of its history as an activist movement. Against this historical backdrop, we describe contemporary trends in child advocacy that reconcile children's protection with their inherent rights to personhood. We rely on the …

The Effects Of Illegal Hunting And Habitat On Two Sympatric Endangered Primates, Cortni Borgerson

Department of Anthropology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Threats to primates result from the complex relationship between ecological processes and the direct and the indirect impacts of humans. Yet we know little about the proportional impacts of hunting and changes to habitat on individual primate species. This knowledge is critical to effective conservation. I used primate surveys, habitat analysis, interviews, and one year of direct observation of hunter behavior and catch to compare the relative impacts of altered habitat and snare trapping on two sympatric lemur species: the two largest-bodied and most endangered lemurs on the Masoala peninsula of Madagascar, Varecia rubra (the red ruffed lemur; Critically Endangered) …

A Multilevel Framework For Recruiting And Supporting Graduate Students From Culturally Diverse Backgrounds In School Psychology Programs, Sally Grapin, Erica T. Lee, Dounia Jaafar

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

The lack of cultural diversity among practitioners and trainers in the field of school psychology has been recognized as a longstanding problem. In particular, individuals from racial, ethnic, and linguistic minority and international backgrounds often encounter a range of barriers to pursuing graduate study in school psychology. Given the urgent need to increase diversity among school psychologists, faculty and institutions must take proactive measures to deconstruct these barriers and to support the success of all students. This article outlines a multilevel framework for recruiting and supporting graduate students from culturally diverse backgrounds in school psychology programs. Within this framework, research-based …

Developers' Incentives And Open-Source Software Licensing: Gpl Vs Bsd, Vidya Atal, Kameshwari Shankar

Department of Economics Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

One of the puzzling aspects of open-source software (OSS) development is its public good nature. Individual developers contribute to developing the software, but do not hold the copyright to appropriate its value. This raises questions regarding motives behind such effort. We provide an integrated model of developers' incentives to describe OSS development and compare restrictive OSS licenses that force all modifications to be kept open with non-restrictive OSS licenses that allow proprietary ownership of modified works. Different incentives govern effort provision at different stages of the software development process. We show that open-source licenses can provide socially valuable software when …