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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
A Hypothesis Of The Co-Evolution Of Cooperation And Inequity, Sarah F. Brosnan
A Hypothesis Of The Co-Evolution Of Cooperation And Inequity, Sarah F. Brosnan
Psychology Faculty Publications
Recent evidence demonstrates that humans are not the only species to respond negatively to inequitable outcomes which are to their disadvantage. Several species respond negatively if they subsequently receive a less good reward than a social partner for completing the same task. While these studies suggest that the negative response to inequity is not a uniquely human behavior, they do not provide a functional explanation for the emergence of these responses due to similar characteristics among these species. However, emerging data support the hypothesis that an aversion to inequity is a mechanism to promote successful long-term cooperative relationships amongst non-kin. …
Orangutans (Pongo Pygmaeus) Do Not Form Expectations Based On Their Partner’S Outcomes, Sarah F. Brosnan, Timothy Flemming, Catherine F. Talbot, Laura Mayo, Tara Stoinski
Orangutans (Pongo Pygmaeus) Do Not Form Expectations Based On Their Partner’S Outcomes, Sarah F. Brosnan, Timothy Flemming, Catherine F. Talbot, Laura Mayo, Tara Stoinski
Psychology Faculty Publications
Several primate species form expectations based on other’s outcomes. These individuals respond negatively when their outcomes differ from their partners’. The function and evolutionary pathway of this behavior are unknown, in part because all of the species which have thus far shown the response have similar life history patterns. In particular, all share traits related to a gregarious lifestyle, intelligence, and cooperativeness. The goal of the current paper was to test whether inequity is a homology among primates or a convergence based on some other characteristic by comparing one species known to show social comparisons, the chimpanzee, to another great …
An Evolutionary Perspective On Morality, Sarah F. Brosnan
An Evolutionary Perspective On Morality, Sarah F. Brosnan
Psychology Faculty Publications
Moral behavior and concern for others are sometimes argued to set humans apart from other species. However, there is some evidence that humans are not the only animal species to possess these characteristics. Work from behavioral biology and neuroscience has indicated that some of these traits are present in other species, including other primates. Studying these behaviors in other species can inform us about the evolutionary trajectory of morality, either helping understand how the behaviors evolved and which environmental characteristics were critical for their emergence. While this evolutionary approach to human behavior is not always well received, a brief historical …
Squirrel Monkeys’ Response To Inequitable Outcomes Indicates A Behavioural Convergence Within The Primates, Catherine F. Talbot, Hani D. Freeman, Lawrence E. Williams, Sarah F. Brosnan
Squirrel Monkeys’ Response To Inequitable Outcomes Indicates A Behavioural Convergence Within The Primates, Catherine F. Talbot, Hani D. Freeman, Lawrence E. Williams, Sarah F. Brosnan
Psychology Faculty Publications
Although several primates respond negatively to inequity, it is unknown whether this results from homology or convergent processes. Behaviours shared within a taxonomic group are often assumed to be homologous, yet this distinction is important for a better understanding of the function of the behaviour. Previous hypotheses have linked cooperation and inequity responses. Supporting this, all species in which inequity responses have been documented are cooperative. In this study, we tested this hypothesis by investigating the response to inequity in squirrel monkeys, which share a phylogenetic Family with capuchin monkeys, but do not cooperate extensively. Subjects exchanged tokens to receive …