Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Elizabethtown College

2021

Articles 1 - 11 of 11

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Is The United States ‘Exceptional’?, Wayne A. Selcher Jul 2021

Is The United States ‘Exceptional’?, Wayne A. Selcher

Faculty Publications

Debates over issues of national identity have been constants in American history, up to and including today, with the Civil War being the most notable and violent example of serious disagreement about national identity and unity. There are many interpretations of how the country came to be, what its defining characteristics are, and how factual or merely self-congratulatory the elements of the nationalistic claims of exceptionality really were or are now. Like any nationalistic tenet, the exceptionality thesis certainly requires a deliberatively selective and incomplete understanding of the national history. Whole university courses and disciplines of study in American Studies …

Go to article

Outdated Laws: Their Contributions To Mass Incarceration And Police Practices, Allie Melnikoff Jan 2021

Outdated Laws: Their Contributions To Mass Incarceration And Police Practices, Allie Melnikoff

Politics, Philosophy, and Legal Studies: Student Scholarship & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Smoking Behavior: An Analysis Of Menthol's Effect On Nicotine, Kathryn Carter Jan 2021

Smoking Behavior: An Analysis Of Menthol's Effect On Nicotine, Kathryn Carter

Psychology: Student Scholarship & Creative Works

Smoking cigarettes is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Menthol is well known to exacerbate tobacco addiction. It is unclear, however, if menthol directly effects dopamine release which may increase the reward associated with smoking or if menthol has any effect on environmental cues which act as reinforcers for smoking behavior. Study 1 used fast scan cyclic voltammetry to examine the effects of nicotine and menthol, administered alone and in combination, on phasic dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Results confirmed that nicotine, but not menthol, enhances phasic dopamine release in the …

Go to article

Effective Usage Of Instagram As A Food Influencer, Brianna Komiske Jan 2021

Effective Usage Of Instagram As A Food Influencer, Brianna Komiske

Communications: Student Scholarship & Creative Works

Social media allows individuals to reach publics worldwide within seconds. The risks and benefits of organizations using social media as a tool for promotion has been researched extensively with social networks’ growing popularity. In recent years, individual profiles with large followings have been used as opinion leaders and have earned the term influencer. This research examines the engagement of influencer’s followers, then analyzes the content with the most engagement. A review of literature and examination of data leads to the thesis of: Due to the rise of social media engagement, it is vital to analyze the content of posts and …

Go to article

Insta-Impact: Evaluating Media Forms Used By Non-Profit Organizations To Engage With Their Publics On Instagram, Emily Barber Jan 2021

Insta-Impact: Evaluating Media Forms Used By Non-Profit Organizations To Engage With Their Publics On Instagram, Emily Barber

Communications: Student Scholarship & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Youtube Influencers: Are There Too Many Commentary And Reaction Stars In The Spotlight?, Emma Knight Jan 2021

Youtube Influencers: Are There Too Many Commentary And Reaction Stars In The Spotlight?, Emma Knight

Communications: Student Scholarship & Creative Works

YouTube has permeated the everyday lives of millions of people and created an online entertainment platform where people can create and share video content. Since its beginnings in 2005, it has grown from a simple source of entertainment to a complex ecosystem where popular creators can make a living off of their content. Both large and small YouTubers have the opportunity to follow a successful YouTube career path, and now, creators can be part of a niche subcategory to reach a dedicated fanbase. For example, some popular video types on YouTube include beauty, prank, lifestyle, comedy, and commentary. These people …

Go to article

That’S News To Me: A Content Analysis Of The Portrayal Of Perpetrators Of Mass Murder In Mass Media Communications, Meghan Kenney Jan 2021

That’S News To Me: A Content Analysis Of The Portrayal Of Perpetrators Of Mass Murder In Mass Media Communications, Meghan Kenney

Sociology-Anthropology: Student Scholarship & Creative Works

The United States holds only five percent of the world’s population, but surprisingly 31 percent of global mass shootings. Previous literature defines a mass shooting as an incident where at least four individuals are shot and a mass murder as an incident where at least four individuals are killed. Mass shootings have been found to occur in bunches due to the exposure of mass shootings inspiring copycat shootings. Such inspiration has been potentially linked to media coverage of these events thus giving them “accidental advertising”. Limited research has empirically examined the news coverage of mass shootings through a content analysis. …

Go to article

To Vote Or Not To Vote: The Effects Of Political Information Efficacy, Locus Of Control, And Parental Socialization On The Political Engagement Of College Students, Jessica Cox Jan 2021

To Vote Or Not To Vote: The Effects Of Political Information Efficacy, Locus Of Control, And Parental Socialization On The Political Engagement Of College Students, Jessica Cox

Sociology-Anthropology: Student Scholarship & Creative Works

Political engagement involves both indirect and direct actions that effect the political system such as voting, donating to campaigns, and volunteering for a political party. Previous literature has suggested that students demonstrating more interest in politics and exhibiting strong party ties were more likely to vote than those who were uninterested in politics. Limited research has examined the relationship between political information efficacy, locus of control, and parental socialization on the political engagement of college students; however, studies have thoroughly examined the effects of political affiliation. The sample population for this research were students enrolled at one small, private, liberal …

Go to article

The Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On K-12 School Teachers' Stress, Coping And Burnout: Identification Of Protective And Exacerbating Factors, Victoria Vaughn, Meghan Keenan Jan 2021

The Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On K-12 School Teachers' Stress, Coping And Burnout: Identification Of Protective And Exacerbating Factors, Victoria Vaughn, Meghan Keenan

Summer Scholarship, Creative Arts and Research Projects (SCARP)

The COVID-19 pandemic caused many changes and challenges for K-12 teachers and students alike. The changes in teaching modality, need for safety precautions, and challenges in maintaining contact with students contributed to heightened stress levels for teachers (Jones, 2020). Job stress has the potential to lead to burnout among teachers (de Vera Garcia & Gambarte, 2019). The present study sought to survey the stressors experienced by K-12 teachers in the U.S., the impact of teachers’ job-related stress on their burnout, and factors, such as resiliency, coping styles, resources, and social support, that might buffer against the effects of stress on …

Go to article

Exploring The Effects Of Nicotine On Reward Learning In Female Sprague-Dawley Rats, Brendan Atticks Jan 2021

Exploring The Effects Of Nicotine On Reward Learning In Female Sprague-Dawley Rats, Brendan Atticks

Summer Scholarship, Creative Arts and Research Projects (SCARP)

Nicotine addiction harms millions of individuals worldwide: financially, socially, and psychologically. Successful smoking cessation could dramatically improve the quality of life for these people. A key driver of smoking relapse centers around associated environmental cues, which induces craving and drives a smoker to re-initiate smoking. Previous work has shown that nicotine can enhance the reinforcing properties of reward-associated cues in male rats. This research aims to evaluate nicotine’s effect on female rats using a behavioral assay called “cue-induced reward-seeking.” In this behavioral assay, rats are trained to press a lever that produces liquid sucrose along with an audiovisual cue. After …

Go to article

The Implications Of Greek, Turkish, And U.S. Triangular Relations On Transatlantic Security, Laura Cardona Jan 2021

The Implications Of Greek, Turkish, And U.S. Triangular Relations On Transatlantic Security, Laura Cardona

Summer Scholarship, Creative Arts and Research Projects (SCARP)

Since the discovery of hydrocarbon resources in the Eastern Mediterranean, tensions between Turkey and Greece have been exacerbated due to enhanced geostrategic competition in the region (Dursun-Ozkanca 2021). Against the background of Turkey’s increased self-confidence in its foreign policy in the region and its “Blue Homeland” doctrine on maritime claims in the Eastern Mediterranean (Gingeras 2020) as well as its changing relations with the EU and the US, the need for scholarly analyses of regional competition in the Eastern Mediterranean and its implications for transatlantic security relations has become more evident. While there have been few academic works focusing on …

Go to article