Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Keyword
-
- Asymptotics (2)
- MLE (2)
- Alcohol (1)
- Asymptotic Variance (1)
- Bayesmlogit (1)
-
- Causality (1)
- Decision-making (1)
- Decomposition Analysis (1)
- Development (1)
- Differential stopping behavior (1)
- Drawing from distributions (1)
- Drunk driving (1)
- Dynamic equilibrium (1)
- Dynamic panel (1)
- Economics of Crime (1)
- Education (1)
- Efficiency (1)
- Empowerment (1)
- Endogenous tastes (1)
- Environmental spillovers (1)
- Equal Employment Opportunity Act (1)
- Fertility (1)
- GMM (1)
- Gender gap (1)
- Health (1)
- Heteroskedasticity (1)
- Human capital (1)
- Imperfect competition (1)
- Joan Robinson (1)
- Location models (1)
Articles 1 - 13 of 13
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
New York City Drunk Driving After Uber, Jessica Lynn Peck
New York City Drunk Driving After Uber, Jessica Lynn Peck
Economics Working Papers
This study investigates the effect of the introduction of Uber in New York City in May 2011 on drunk-driving. A difference-in-differences estimation of this effect implies a 25-35% decrease in the alcohol-related collision rate for the affected New York City boroughs, or about 40 collisions per month. With differentiated treatment effects for each effected county, the difference-in-differences effect is higher for Manhattan, average for the Bronx and Brooklyn, and lower for Queens. A synthetic control analysis shows pronounced effects over time in the Bronx and Brooklyn, and a permutation test confirms the effect is not commonly reproducible using untreated counties.
Globalization And The Environmental Impact Of Fdi, Nadia Doytch, Merih Uctum
Globalization And The Environmental Impact Of Fdi, Nadia Doytch, Merih Uctum
Economics Working Papers
We analyze the environmental impact of capital inflows and investigate the halo effect (FDI improves the environment). We control for the type of FDI inflows, the EKC (Environmental Kuznets Curve) effect and country income level, and find (i) a differential industry effect: while total foreign investment in aggregate has a negative effect on all countries, this can be traced in particular to capital flows to manufacturing and nonfinancial services sectors.; (ii) an income inequality effect: foreign investment flowing into poorer countries has harmful effects on environment consistent with the race-to-the bottom argument, while capital flowing to richer countries has a …
Equilibrium With Consumer Adjustment To Choice, Matthew G. Nagler
Equilibrium With Consumer Adjustment To Choice, Matthew G. Nagler
Economics Working Papers
I present a spatial model of differentiated product markets in which consumers with heterogeneous tastes rationally improve their attitude towards the product they choose. Adjustment raises prices if adjustment facility is greater for consumers who initially prefer a product more (e.g., preferences and corresponding adjustments exhibit the halo effect). It lowers prices if instead easier adjustment for consumers with weaker initial preferences causes attitudinal regression to the mean. The theory explains higher prices in markets to the poor and less educated and so motivates re-examination of previously proposed solutions to the poor performance of those markets.
Speeding, Punishment, And Recidivism – Evidence From A Regression Discontinuity Design, Markus Gehrsitz
Speeding, Punishment, And Recidivism – Evidence From A Regression Discontinuity Design, Markus Gehrsitz
Economics Working Papers
This paper estimates the effects of temporary driver's license suspensions on driving behavior. A little known rule in the German traffic penalty catalogue maintains that drivers who commit a series of speeding transgressions within 365 days should have their license suspended for one month. My fuzzy regression discontinuity design exploits the quasi-random assignment of license suspensions caused by the 365-day cutoff and shows that 1-month license suspensions lower the probability of recidivating within a year by 20 percent. This effect is not driven by incapacitation and indicates that temporary license suspensions are an effective tool in preventing traffic transgressions.
The Relationship Between Health And Schooling: What's New?, Michael Grossman
The Relationship Between Health And Schooling: What's New?, Michael Grossman
Economics Working Papers
Many studies suggest that years of formal schooling completed is the most important correlate of good health. There is much less consensus as to whether this correlation reflects causality from more schooling to better health. The relationship may be traced in part to reverse causality and may also reflect "omitted third variables" that cause health and schooling to vary in the same direction. The past five years (2010-2014) have witnessed the development of a large literature focusing on the issue just raised. I deal with that literature and what can be learned from it in this paper. I conclude that …
Joan Robinson And Mit, Harvey Gram, Geoffrey Harcourt
Joan Robinson And Mit, Harvey Gram, Geoffrey Harcourt
Economics Working Papers
The great question which has always haunted the type of analysis offered by the MIT economists in answer to Robinson's provocative critique (1953) has always been her own question: how to get into equilibrium? If the notion of "vision at a distance," inherent in dynamic equilibrium analysis (Dorfman, Samuelson, and Solow, 1958) means co-ordination of long-term expectations, recent work shows theory, that "getting into equilibrium" is an impossibility. This vindicates Robinson's position in the capital controversy, at least with respect to the MIT economists.
Education And Marriage Decisions Of Japanese Women And The Role Of The Equal Employment Opportunity Act, Linda N. Edwards, Takuya Hasebe, Tadashi Sakai
Education And Marriage Decisions Of Japanese Women And The Role Of The Equal Employment Opportunity Act, Linda N. Edwards, Takuya Hasebe, Tadashi Sakai
Economics Working Papers
Prompted by concordant upward trends in both the university advancement rate and the unmarried rate for Japanese women, this paper investigates whether the Equal Employment Opportunity Act (EEOA), which was passed in 1985, affected women's marriage decisions either directly or via their decisions to pursue university education. To this end, we estimate a model that treats education and marriage decisions as jointly determined using longitudinal data for Japanese women. We find little evidence that the passage of EEOA increased the proportion of women who advance to university, but strong support for the proposition that it increased the deterrent effect of …
Son Preference, Fertility Decline And Non-Missing Girls Of Turkey, Onur Altindag
Son Preference, Fertility Decline And Non-Missing Girls Of Turkey, Onur Altindag
Economics Working Papers
Couples in Turkey exhibit son preference through son-biased differential stopping behavior that does not cause a sex ratio imbalance in the population. Demand for sons leads to lower (higher) ratios of boys to girls in large (small) families. Girls are born earlier than their male siblings. Son-biased fertility behavior is persistent in response to decline in fertility over time and across households with parents from different backgrounds. Parents use contraceptive methods to halt fertility following a male birth. The sibling sex composition is associated with gender disparities in health. Among children who were born in the third parity or later, …
Political Inclusion And Educational Investment, Stephen D. O'Connell
Political Inclusion And Educational Investment, Stephen D. O'Connell
Economics Working Papers
Using exogenous geographic variation in exposure to 1993 reforms that introduced seat quotas for women in local government in India, I find a sizable increase in the enrollment rate of male and female school-age children resulting from additional exposure to women leaders. Effects are particularly concentrated among poorer households and those with less- educated proximate role models, and were commensurate with reductions in idle time and household-enterprise employment. There is no evidence for the effects being facilitated by changes in school infrastructure, the labor market, or among broader social factors related to intrahousehold bargaining. Using textual data from the news …
Estimating The Variance Of Decomposition Effects, Takuya Hasebe
Estimating The Variance Of Decomposition Effects, Takuya Hasebe
Economics Working Papers
We derive the asymptotic variance of the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition effects. We show that the delta method approach that builds on the assumption of fixed regressors understates true variability of the decomposition effects when regressors are stochastic. Our proposed variance estimator takes randomness of regressors into consideration. Our approach is applicable to both the linear and nonlinear decompositions, for the latter of which only a bootstrap method is an option. As our derivation follows the general framework of m-estimation, it is straightforward to extend to the cluster-robust variance estimator. We demonstrate the finite-sample performance of our variance estimator with a Monte …
Heteroskedasticity Of Unknown Form In Spatial Autoregressive Models With Moving Average Disturbance Term, Osman Dogan
Heteroskedasticity Of Unknown Form In Spatial Autoregressive Models With Moving Average Disturbance Term, Osman Dogan
Economics Working Papers
In this study, I investigate the necessary condition for consistency of the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of spatial models with a spatial moving average process in the disturbance term. I show that the MLE of spatial autoregressive and spatial moving average parameters is generally inconsistent when heteroskedasticity is not considered in the estimation. I also show that the MLE of parameters of exogenous variables is inconsistent and determine its asymptotic bias. I provide simulation results to evaluate the performance of the MLE. The simulation results indicate that the MLE imposes a substantial amount of bias on both autoregressive and moving …
Adaptive Markov Chain Monte Carlo Sampling And Estimation In Mata, Matthew J. Baker
Adaptive Markov Chain Monte Carlo Sampling And Estimation In Mata, Matthew J. Baker
Economics Working Papers
I describe algorithms for drawing from distributions using adaptive Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods, introduce a Mata function for performing adaptive MCMC, amcmc(), and a suite of functions amcmc *() allowing an alternative implementation of adaptive MCMC. amcmc() and amcmc *() may be used in conjunction with models set up to work with Mata's [M-5] moptimize( ) or [M-5] optimize( ), or with stand-alone functions. To show how the routines might be used in estimation problems, I give two examples of what Chernozukov and Hong (2003) refer to as Quasi-Bayesian or Laplace-Type estimators - simulation-based estimators employing MCMC sampling. …
Gmm Estimation Of Spatial Autoregressive Models With Autoregressive And Heteroskedastic Disturbances, Osman Dogan, Süleyman Taşpınar
Gmm Estimation Of Spatial Autoregressive Models With Autoregressive And Heteroskedastic Disturbances, Osman Dogan, Süleyman Taşpınar
Economics Working Papers
We consider a spatial econometric model containing a spatial lag in the dependent variable and the disturbance term with an unknown form of heteroskedasticity in innovations. We first prove that the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator for spatial autoregressive models is generally inconsistent when heteroskedasticity is not taken into account in the estimation. We show that the necessary condition for the consistency of the ML estimator of spatial autoregressive parameters depends on the structure of the spatial weight matrices. Then, we extend the robust generalized method of moment (GMM) estimation approach in Lin and Lee (2010) for the spatial model allowing …