Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

The Relation Between Disordered Eating And Perceived Stress, Tori E. Byars

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Disordered eating behavior encompasses a spectrum of maladaptive eating patterns, including emotional eating, binging, restricting, and other similar behaviors. Perceived stress is the extent that an individual perceives their demands exceed their ability to cope. Existing research has demonstrated a positive relation between high ratings of perceived stress and disordered eating behaviors (King et al., 2009; Skead et al., 2018). The current study aimed to expand this research by examining the relation between disordered eating and stress in students, workers, and those who partake in both commitments. Utilizing a single survey, participants completed assessments including the Perceived Stress Scale, the …

Providing Positive Individuating Information To Reduce Stereotype-Based Negativity In Service Encounters, Nicholas A. Smith, Larry R. Martinez, Shi (Tracy) Xu, Christopher J. Waterbury

Psychology Faculty Publications and Presentations

With the increasingly diverse workforce in the hospitality and tourism industry, it is imperative to identify strategies to reduce biases in the workplace. Across two studies, we examined the utility of providing individual-level positive individuating information as a strategy to combat customers’ stereotypes in service encounters. In Study 1, we explored the effectiveness of providing either positive stereotypical or counter-stereotypical individuating information to remediate negative perceptions toward older workers in an experimental vignette study using a hypothetical customer service encounter. In Study 2, we demonstrated the robustness of this technique with a group that has opposing stereotypes compared with older …

Prevalence Of Depression Among Mothers Experiencing Role Conflict, Amanda Weibert

Selected Full-Text Master Theses Collection 2018-

Research shows mothers and women have higher levels of role conflict and depression. The purpose of this study was to expand on the literature surrounding mothers with role conflict and their depression levels. The main hypothesis was mothers experiencing total role conflict have higher levels of depression compared to non-mothers. Additionally, four sub hypotheses were examined. A cross-sectional study was conducted. Long Island University students and staff, who were women, responded to a survey that included five demographic questions, the PHQ-9 scale, and The Role Conflict Scale. Total sample size was n = 36 with 18 respondents being mothers. Three …

The Career Resilience Of Senior Women Managers: A Cross-Cultural Perspective, Uma Jogulu, Esmé Franken

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

This article examines how cultural contexts influence the demonstration of resilient behaviors of women senior managers in large organizations. We compare the experiences of Malaysian and Australian women overcoming key challenges and obstacles in their career journeys by engaging in the resilience strategies of network leveraging, learning, and adaptability. Our findings reveal the unique, complex, and contextual nature of career resilience, and show how resilience can be demonstrated, often differently, across culture and context. Our study adds to the existing body of literature in the areas of careers, gender in the workplace, and resilience, by highlighting how senior women sustain …

Who Do We Think We Are? A Qualitative Exploration Of Social Work Identity, Michael W. Hassler

Social Work Doctoral Dissertations

Since the inception of the profession, social workers have struggled to identify a common understanding of social work, its fundamental activity, and the role of the worker. Utilizing a phenomenological approach, this qualitative study explored the following questions: 1) What is the participant’s lived experience of social work identity? and 2) How is this understanding of identity similar to or different from that of other helping professionals who perform similar activities? Semi-structured interviews, conducted with 22 social workers in the field, diverse in education, practice area, and experience, highlighted parallels among the various experiences, and advanced the exploration of the …

Context Matters: Construct Framing In Measures Of Physical Activity Engagement Among African American Women, Stephanie M. Mcclure, Travis Loux, Enbal Shacham, Eileen Gillespie, Denise Hooks-Anderson

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Assessment of psychosocial factors influencing health behavior typically privileges conceptual consistency (framing constructs similarly across contexts) over conceptual specificity (context-specific framing). Modest statistical relationships between these factors and health behaviors, and persistent racial disparities in health outcomes raise questions about whether conceptually consistent framing fully captures relevant predictors. Ethnographic studies suggest not - that perceptions influencing health behaviors are multifaceted and contextual. To test this, we added items querying contextualized predictors of intention to engage in leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) to a Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)-based survey and examined the psychometrics of the adapted subscales. We measured internal consistency …

Juggling Multiple Roles: An Examination Of Role Conflict Phase Ii: Rsvp Program Survey Report, Jennifer Crittenden, Sandy Butler

Maine Center on Aging Research and Evaluation

For many nonprofits, older adult volunteers are the bedrock of the volunteer workforce. However, older adults are increasingly leaving their volunteer work to pursue paid employment and family caregiving. To explore how the volunteer sector has responded to this reality, a survey was distributed to 55 Retired and Senior Volunteer Programs (RSVPs) across the U.S. Twenty-one programs responded identifying a range of strategies including: flexible scheduling, integrating care recipients into volunteer assignments, offering resource referral to caregivers, and expanded office hours for older workers. Findings provide strategies that can be replicated across program sectors to retain older adult volunteers.

Vying For Time: How Programs Engage And Support A Busy Cadre Of Baby Boomer And Older Adult Volunteers, Jennifer Crittenden, Sandy Butler

Maine Center on Aging Research and Evaluation

For many nonprofits, older adult volunteers are the bedrock of the volunteer workforce. However, older adults are increasingly leaving their volunteer work to pursue paid employment and family caregiving. To explore how the volunteer sector has responded to this reality, a survey was distributed to 55 Retired and Senior Volunteer Programs (RSVPs) across the U.S. Twenty-one programs responded identifying a range of strategies including: flexible scheduling, integrating care recipients into volunteer assignments, offering resource referral to caregivers, and expanded office hours for older workers. Findings provide strategies that can be replicated across program sectors to retain older adult volunteers.

Juggling Multiple Roles: An Examination Of Role Conflict And Its Relationship To Older Adult Volunteer Satisfaction And Retention, Jennifer Crittenden

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Volunteering among older adults has been associated with numerous benefits for older adults and their communities. As the U.S. population continues to age, new and continued opportunities for engagement emerge not just within the formal volunteering arena, but also within paid employment, caregiving, and informal volunteering. Grounded in role theory, this study examined the extent to which current volunteers experience role conflict and role enhancement between their volunteer role and other social roles that they occupy. Specifically, this study examined the following research questions: 1) Does role conflict predict satisfaction with, participation in, and/or intention to remain in the volunteer …

Peer Vs. Professional: Assessing The Communicative Experience Of Student Orientation Leaders, Casey M. Ford

Honors Theses

Current literature reveals that peer-leadership is valuable and integral within institutions of higher learning. While extensive research reveals how peer-leaders benefit the overall student experience and contribute to institutional recruitment and retention, (Tinto, 2012) little research has considered the actual experience of student peer-leaders. The current study considers the communicative challenges and triumphs student orientation leaders encounter in their roles as students and university ambassadors. During a university’s new student orientation, student orientation leaders function as both student leaders and university professionals; they serve as liaisons between students, their parents and families, and the university they represent, often working as …

The Relationships Of Role Conflict With Role Ambiguity, Role Efficacy, And Task Cohesion: A Study Of Interdependent University Sport Teams, Brennan Petersen

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Roles, important structural components in groups, delineate group members’ jobs and responsibilities. Through this division of labour, group members must function interdependently to achieve shared group outcomes. A critical perception that individuals hold regarding their role is the degree to which incongruent expectations are present (i.e., role conflict). This perception is divided into several dimensions: intra-sender conflict, inter-sender conflict, person-role conflict, and inter-role conflict. Previous research has demonstrated that role conflict can negatively affect individual- and group-level variables (e.g., other role perceptions, task cohesion). However, two limitations pervade this research. First, role conflict is generally assessed unidimensionally. Second, the dimensions …

Work-Family Conflict: Does Romance Matter?, Christie Marie Charles

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Research has shown that being in a romantic relationship has related negatively with work-family conflict. Using social exchange theory, the investment model, and role theory, this study examined the relationships among the dimensions of perceived partner support, romantic relationship interdependence, and work-family conflict. A sample of 192 adults in paid employment, currently involved in a romantic relationship, were recruited from SurveyMonkey Contribute. Study participants completed online a demographic survey, the revised Support in Intimate Relationships Rating Scale (SIRRS), the Investment Model Scale, and work-family conflict scales. Correlation analyses showed that work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict correlated negatively with commitment and …

Work And School Experiences Of Employed Students, So Jung Kim

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Based on role theory (Katz & Kahn, 1978) and conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, 1989), work-school domain conflicts – both work-school conflict (WSC) and school-work conflict (SWC) – among employed students were studied. Job supervisor and instructor interactional justice and various role demands (i.e., surface acting and academic demands) were examined as antecedents of work-school domain conflicts, whereas GPA and task performance were examined as consequences. Participants were 109 college students who were working at least 10 hours per week. The results suggest that only academic demands were an antecedent of SWC and task performance was the only consequence of …

Correlates Of Social Anxiety, Religion, And Facebook, Lee Farquhar, Theresa Davidson

Scholarship and Professional Work - Communication

This study examined how religiosity, network homophily, and self-monitoring relate to social and Facebook-specific anxiety, role conflict, and Facebook Intensity. Correlation analyses indicate a connection between Facebook use and anxiety, as well as a link between religiosity and anxiety. We found that Role Conflict correlates with Facebook Intensity, Facebook specific Anxiety, and Social Anxiety. Regarding religiosity, those who prefer aliteral interpretation of the Bible, attend church more frequently, and pray more often have higher anxiety. Facebookers who are higher self-monitors have a less homophilous Facebook network and are less likely to identifytheir religious views on Facebook.

Correlates Of Social Anxiety, Religion, And Facebook, Lee Farquhar, Theresa Davidson

Lee Farquhar

A Causal Model To Predict Organizational Knowledge Sharing Via Information And Communication Technologies, Simon Cleveland

CCE Theses and Dissertations

Knowledge management literature identifies numerous barriers that inhibit employees' knowledge seeking and knowledge contributing practices via information and communication technologies (ICTs). Presently, there is a significant gap in the literature that explains what factors promote common knowledge sharing barriers. To bridge this gap, this study examined two research questions: 1) What are the potential factors that contribute to the commonly accepted barriers to knowledge sharing?, and 2) How do these factors impact employees' use of ICTs for knowledge seeking and knowledge contributing? Literature review of 103 knowledge management articles identified three major barriers to knowledge sharing practices (lack of time, …

The Relationship Between Role Salience And Work-Family Conflict Among Parents In Dual-Earner Families, Shaina I. Bernardi

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Over the past few decades the number of dual-earner families in the U.S. has drastically increased (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2009). Given these changes within society, families and employers are faced with many new challenges regarding the balance of family and work (Schultheiss, 2006). Individuals that experience a continuous degree of work-family conflict are more likely to experience mental health and physical health decline, and greater degrees of family and job satisfaction (Frone, 2000; Mesmer-Magnus & Viswesvaran, 2005). Greenhaus and Beutell (1985) proposed that individuals with multiple salient life roles will experience a great degree of work-family conflict. Several …

School Psychology Crossroads In America: Discrepancies Between Actual And Preferred Discrete Practices And Barriers To Preferred Practice, Kevin J. Filter, Sara Ann Ebsen, Rebecca Dibos

Psychology Department Publications

A nationally representative sample of American school psychology practitioners were surveyed to analyze discrepancies that they experience between their actual discrete practices and their preferred discrete practices relative to several domains of practice including assessment, intervention, meetings, and continuing education. Discrepancies were also analyzed relative to service delivery in three levels of prevention (primary, secondary, and tertiary). Results indicate that practicing school psychologists experience significant discrepancies between actual and preferred practices in all discrete practices, with the largest discrepancies by hours noted in the discrete practices of report writing, prevention screening, CBA/CBM administration, IQ testing, and conducting research. Respondents also …

Grandparents Raising Their Grandchildren: Impact Of The Transition From A Traditional Grandparent Role To A Grandparent-As-Parent Role, Jan Backhouse

Jan Backhouse

In many Western societies grandparents take on the role of occasional or short-term care providers of their grandchildren. However, recent years have witnessed a significant increase, both in Australia and overseas, in the number of children being raised by their grandparents due to the inability of the children’s parents to effectively meet their parenting responsibilities.

This study is an interpretive inquiry that seeks to understand the meanings grandparents attach to their experiences of the grandparent-as-parent role, rather than the traditional grandparent role. The study also investigates how assuming the non-traditional grandparent role has influenced the identity of grandparent caregivers. A …

Examining The Effects Of Fear Of Failure, Self-Efficacy And Gender Role Conflict In Male And Female Engineering Students, Krista L. Nelson

Doctoral Dissertations

The field of engineering continues to have significantly fewer women engineers than men. Engineering has long been considered to be a male dominated career, with fewer women receiving bachelor's degrees in engineering and gaining employment in the engineering field. The present study was an attempt to determine influencing factors that discourage women from pursuing engineering as an educational and career choice. The current study examined gender role conflict, self-efficacy, and fear of failure as potential factors influencing women's preferences to pursue an engineering degree. Both male and female genders were participants in the research to determine gender differences for these …

The Relationship Of Role Conflict To Supervisee Nondisclosure : Is It Mediated By The Supervisory Working Alliance?, Michael Siembor

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The present study sought to replicate and extend the work done by Ladany, Hill, Corbett, and Nutt (1996) and Mehr, Ladany, and Caskie (2010) by examining supervisees' nondisclosure of relevant clinical material to their supervisors. The hypothesis was that the supervisory working alliance would at least partially mediate the relationship between role conflict and supervisee nondisclosure such that role conflict would be inversely related to the supervisory working alliance, as predicted by Ladany and Friedlander (1995). In turn, it was predicted that the supervisory working alliance would be inversely related to nondisclosure, as predicted by Ladany et al. and Mehr …

Facebook Friendships Between College/University Instructors And Students: Deciding Whether Or Not To Allow Students As Friends, Communicating With Students, And The Individual Differences That Influence Instructors' Impression Management On Facebook, Melissa S. Plew

Communication Dissertations

This research examined Facebook friendships between college/university instructors and students. Based on the development of instructor-student dual relationships, this study described instructors’ Facebook use with students. This included explanations for allowing/not allowing students, communication with students, and ethical concerns. Rooted in the theories of impression management, self-monitoring and role conflict, plus the concept of ambient awareness, hypotheses predicted relationships between instructors’ individual differences and Facebook use: (1) self-monitoring would be positively related to role conflict; and (2) self-monitoring, (3) role conflict, and (4) ambient awareness would be positively related to instructors’ self-presentation, impression management behaviors, and privacy management. Emails were …

An Investigation Of The Relationships Between Motivation, Worker Role Conflicts And Worker Outcomes, Robert C. Kennedy

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study investigated the relationships between several work motivational process variables and work-life-conflict (WLC) and how these variables contribute to job related outcomes such as work performance, job satisfaction and life satisfaction. This survey study identified several correlations which suggest that a more comprehensive model of motivation should include variables such as energy pool and direction toward organizational objectives. Results also suggest that WLC contributes to the amount of energy pool available to workers and the amount of motivation exhibited by workers. WLC also impacts important job and life attitudes directly and through the above mentioned motivation process variables. The …

Job Satisfaction Of Naia Head Coaches At Small Faith-Based Colleges: The Teacher-Coach Model, Craig L. Stiemsma

Faculty Work Comprehensive List

The head coaches at smaller colleges usually have other job responsibilities that include teaching, along with the responsibilities of coaching, recruiting, scheduling, and other coaching-related jobs. There is often a dual role involved for these coaches who try to juggle two different jobs that sometimes require different skill sets and involve different responsibilities that may lead to role conflict. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the level of job satisfaction of coaches in the Great Plains Athletic Conference (GPAC). This study also sought to determine if there were differences in coaches' levels of job satisfaction based on …

Child Care Support And The Reduction Of Women's Stress And Role Conflict At The Work-Family Interface, Frances Marx Stehle

Dissertations and Theses

Working mothers may encounter difficulty combining work and family, particularly as this interface involves child care arrangements.

This research investigated the effects of various dimensions of child care support on stress and role conflict in employed mothers. It was hypothesized that as job support, affordability, spousal support, and satisfaction with child care increased, that child care stress, job stress, and role conflict would decrease.

The data were derived from a survey (Lane County Dependent Care survey, Emlen, 1990) of women employed in 15 companies in the Lane County, Oregon area. The study sample consisted of 825 full and part-time employed …

An Examination Of The Relationship Between Work Involvement And Family Involvement And Work-Family Conflict In Dual-Career Families, Elizabeth Jean Allen

Dissertations and Theses

The present study examined the relationship between work involvement and family involvement and work-family conflict in dual-career families. Four hundred thirty-six couples (436 females; 436 males; N = 872) in dual-career relationships were recruited from a bank organization in the Northwest United States. The survey questionnaire contained three sections to measure work and family involvement, work-family conflict, and sociodemographic information. Data analyses were conducted using multiple regression analysis and a 1 X 4 ANOVA to examine the proposed relationships among the study variables. Results demonstrated the following: across study participants, work involvement accounted for a significant amount of variance in …

A Study Of Gender And Personality Factors In Work-Family Conflict Models, Steven Donald Ward

Dissertations and Theses

There were three underlying purposes to this study: 1) To test the main effect of gender on work -> family and family -> work conflict; 2) To re-examine the predictors of inter-role conflict used by Frone, Russell, and Cooper (1992) (i.e., job involvement, job stress, family involvement, and family stress); and 3) To investigate the importance of using personality characteristics as predictors of how individuals deal with inter-role conflict. A questionnaire was assembled, consisting of: a work -> family conflict spillover scale, a family -> work conflict spillover scale, a job involvement scale, a family involvement scale, a job stressors …

Rhetorical Vision Of Men And Women Managers In Singapore, Jean S. K. Lee, Hwee Hoon Tan

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Findings from a content analysis of newspaper articles are reported to uncover the rhetorical visions of men and women managers portrayed by the media in Singapore and to unfold the inherent conflicting forces that women managers face. The vision of women managers that was portrayed by the press emphasized the dilemmas and role conflicts that the women managers face, whereas the vision emphasized for the men managers was their managerial abilities. The study also uncovered that the success of the women managers relied on a support system that consisted of a male mentor, a supportive husband, and a mother or …

Dysfunctional Effects Of Commitment: How Much Commitment Is Enough?, Kristina Skoog Froelich

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

An Investigation Of The Moderating Effects Of Personality Variables On The Relationship Of Role Conflict And Role Ambiguity To Individual Performance, Adam J. Gross

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study is to investigate the moderating effects of personality variables on the relationship of role stress to performance. The sample consisted of 45 males and 57 females from undergraduate psychology classes at the University of Central Florida. Subjects completed the Adjective Check List (Gough & Heilbrun, 1965), a written decision-making exercise, and a derivative of the role conflict and role ambiguity scales developed by Rizzo, House, and Lirtzman (1970). these yielded personality, performance, and stress scores for each subject. Each personality variable (achievement, aggression, autonomy, flexibility, and introversion) was partialed out of the relationship between role …