Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Teaching Speaking: Simulating Real Life Situations Through Role-Play Activities, Zarrina Saliyeva Saliyeva Doctor Of Philosophy

Philology Matters

Speaking skill is often considered as the most important part of ESL teaching. People may often form judgments about our language competence from our speaking rather than from any of the other skills. It is one of the main skills and means of communication that a student of the philological profile must acquire in the process of mastering FL.
The present study analyses factors that caurse problems in speaking and give a solution for them. Moreover, the author recommends role-play activities based on the communicative method and learner-centered approaches as an effective means in the English language teaching, gives examples …

Short Review Of The Sociolinguistic Study Of Global English, Ganisher Rakhimov Doctor Of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor

Philology Matters

The aim of the paper is to analyze the study of the spread of the English language as global language, its place in communicative relations in various socio-economic spheres, sociolinguistic and pragmatic status of English. The article addresses the study of sociolinguistic and pragmatic features of internationalization of the English language.
Various interpretations are expressed in the scientific schools of world linguistics about the social role of the English language, which managed to get the status of an international language, but in these interpretations they remain spiritualized, being reflected in the philosophical ideas and points of view of different authors. …

Behavior Prioritization To Improve Sbc (Social And Behavior Change) Programming During A Public Health Emergency: A Call To Action, Breakthrough Research

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

As the international development community continues to manage public health challenges and emerging diseases, the need for behavior prioritization is critical. The information in this brief provides rationale for why behavior prioritization is instrumental to improve social and behavior change programming, and ends with a call to action for advocacy for behavior prioritization processes as part of social and behavior change program design, planning, and adaptation. During the Zika outbreak in Latin America, a review of USAID-supported programming in 2017 revealed more than 30 Zika preventive behaviors and messages promoted by different implementing partners, and messaging on desired behaviors was …

Professor’S First Book To Be Published In U.S. And Europe, Mark D. Weinstein

News Releases

Andrew Graff, assistant professor of English at Cedarville University, will release his first book, “Bread and Fish,” in fall 2020.

Law Library Blog (October 2019): Legal Beagle's Blog Archive, Roger Williams University School Of Law

Law Library Newsletters/Blog

No abstract provided.

The Business Case For Investing In Social And Behavior Change For Family Planning, James Rosen, Nicole M. Bellows, Lori Bollinger, Willyanne Decormier Plosky, Michelle Weinberger

Reproductive Health

Although the development field generally considers social and behavior change interventions essential parts of quality health programs, lack of synthesized information on costs and effectiveness means that decision-makers under-appreciate and under-fund social and behavior change efforts. This business case uses evidence to answer questions about the effectiveness, cost, cost-effectiveness, and return on investment from social and behavior change efforts. To develop this family planning social and behavior change business case, nearly 200 studies were evaluated. All USAID strategic priorities for global health—preventing child and maternal deaths, controlling the HIV/AIDS epidemic, and combating infectious diseases—employ social and behavior change approaches to …

Guidelines For Costing Of Social And Behavior Change Health Interventions, James Rosen, Willyanne Decormier Plosky, Lori Bollinger

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

These Guidelines for Costing of Social and Behavior Change Health Interventions (SBC Costing Guidelines) provide a framework for estimating the cost of interventions for social and behavior change, which seek to change health behaviors by addressing factors such as knowledge, attitudes, and social norms.

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Family Planning And Youth In West Africa: Mass Media, Digital Media, And Social And Behavior Change Communication Strategies, Sarah Castle, Martha Silva

Reproductive Health

This review presents evidence about the impact of mass media and digital media on young people’s family planning attitudes and behaviors. It primarily focuses on the Ouagadougou Partnership countries, but also describes lessons from other initiatives implemented more widely in Africa and elsewhere. Due to the paucity of family planning evidence, the review also includes material from higher income countries where mass and digital media have been used in communication initiatives to prevent non-communicable diseases. In addition, it draws on studies from low- and middle income countries where such media have been used to create demand for maternal and child …

Enhancing Respectful Maternal Care During Labor And Delivery, Breakthrough Research

Reproductive Health

This brief informs national ministries of Health, health system officials, staff and clients, implementing partners, and donors of innovative ways to improve women's experiences during labor and delivery. ideas42, in partnership with Safe Motherhood 360+ and the Chipata District Health Office in Zambia, under the Breakthrough RESEARCH project, used behavioral design to analyze contextual features and behavioral barriers to respectful maternal care in urban and rural health care settings. Behavioral design revealed new insights into why health care providers may not follow best practices for respectful maternal care, and resulted in a set of simple, adaptable low cost solutions to …

Zika-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, And Practices: Programmatic Implications For Zika Prevention In Honduras, Breakthrough Research

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This brief provides key insights for implementers of social and behavior change activities for Zika prevention in Honduras, based on data from a representative sample of people living in selected USAID Zika program implementation communities, supporting an evidence-based approach to increase Zika and other Aedes aegypti-transmitted virus prevention behaviors.

Advancing Integrated Social And Behavior Change Programming, Breakthrough Research

Sexual and Reproductive Health, Rights, and Choices

In recent years, social and behavior change (SBC) programming has experienced a notable shift away from a vertical approach focusing on one health or development topic to integrated approaches concerning multiple health or development issues or outcomes under the same program. To help address important evidence gaps in SBC programming, Breakthrough RESEARCH worked with a range of SBC experts to generate a research and learning agenda that includes a core set of consensus-driven, prioritized implementation science questions. Implementation science research is well-suited to the challenges of SBC because it assesses interventions taking place in real-world contexts and factors in various …

Occupation And Displacement Of Palestinian Multilinguals: Language Emotional Perception, Language Practice, And Language Experiences In Palestine And In The Diaspora, Anastasia Khawaja

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This study explores the emotional perceptions, language practices, and language experiences of Palestinian multilinguals in Palestine, and the more under-studied population in the diaspora - focusing on Arabic, English, and Hebrew. A total of 47 participants filled out the adapted Bilingual Emotional Questionnaire (Dewaele & Pavlenko, 2001-2003) in order to compare and contrast positive and negative emotional perception of participant reported languages via a Likert scale, and overall language practices and experiences via open-ended questions. Several independent sample t-tests were run by location of participants in order to determine significant differences in emotional perception, and a thematic analysis was run …

The Interaction Of Domain-Initial Effects With Lexical Stress: Acoustic Data From English, Spanish, And Portuguese, Ricardo F. Napoleão De Souza

Linguistics ETDs

The phonetic implementation of domain-initial boundaries has gained considerable attention in the literature. However, most studies of the phenomenon have investigated small samples of articulatory data in which target syllables were lexically prominent and/or phrasally accented, introducing important potential confounds. This dissertation tackles these issues by examining how domain-initial effects operate on the acoustic properties of fully unstressed word-initial CV syllables in phrasally unaccented words. Similar materials were designed for a reading task in which 14 speakers of English, Spanish and Portuguese, languages that differ in how lexical prominence affects segmental makeup, took part. Results from the acoustic analyses show …

Blending Inductive And Deductive Processes In The English/Language Arts Classroom, Joseph M. Lynch

The Advocate

This article attempts to demonstrate how the inductive and deductive processing modes function together. Educational models associated with an inductive learning process provide a great opportunity for students to assess their accountability in the learning process. However, the lessons gleaned from such an inductive approach can be more insight-provoking when a synthesis of (or at least access to) deductive processing occurs. The topic is presented in two parts: The first part constitutes a review of the inductive/deductive dynamic through research, study, and theory across multiple learning contexts. The second part presents a qualitative study and data examples for the purposes …

The Function Of Role Models In The Identity Development Of African American Male Adolescents And Young Adults, Gensis Galan

Honors Program Theses and Projects

The function of role models in the lives of adolescents has been linked to many positive outcomes, including academic success and enhanced physical activity (Assibey-Mensah, 1997; Babey, Wolstein, & Diamant, 2016); however, it remains unclear who adolescents and young adults are seeking and identifying as role models. This two-part interdisciplinary project started with literary analyses of a memoir and semi-autobiographical novel that depicted the experience of two African American male adolescents and their exploration of identity; during this time, each male developed the desire for a role model whose behavior he could imitate. The second part of this project included …

A Study Of Chinese Language Acquisition: Chinese L2 Of (Morpho)-Syntax And Lexemes, Brianna O'Boyle

Gettysburg Social Sciences Review

This study analyzes two groups of young adult native English speakers of L2 Chinese. One group consisted of beginner level students and the second group was comprised of intermediate/advanced level students. Both groups were administered acceptability tasks in three linguistic areas: syntax, morphosyntax, and semantics. It was hypothesized that students at the beginning level would have good mastery of measure words and semantic differences of lexemes (ren shi 认识and zhi dao 知道 and ke yi 可以, hui 会, neng 能), some mastery of syntax, and little to no mastery of aspectual markers le 了and guo 过. It was …

Teaching Chinese Students To Ask Wh-Questions, Xue Jiang, Ettien Koffi, Chad Kuehn

Linguistic Portfolios

The challenges of a second language are many: one of those challenges for Chinese students of English is asking WH questions. This paper will attempt to illuminate what makes WH-questions in English challenging for the Mandarin L1 speakers, and why. Negative transfer from Mandarin structure and its effect on word order are especially analyzed. The implications for ESL/EFL learners and possible teacher interventions will also be explored, including the sequence in which Wh-Question words are to be introduced to learners.

Swearing In A Second Language, Grace Irwin

Masters Theses

Second language learners often lack knowledge of L2 swear words, their appropriateness, and pragmatic function. Competence in L2 swearing is important for L2 learners to be able to express themselves expertly and understand others’ emotional expressions precisely. However, taboo language is rarely included explicitly in L2 curricula due to its controversial nature. This paper addresses a gap in the literature concerning what second language users actually know about swearing in their L2. Some studies have attempted to determine learners’ receptive swearing competence (Jay & Janschewitz, 2008; Kapoor, 2016); however, the present study employs an updated measure of L2 pragmatic swearing …

Acquisition Of The English Copula By Arabic Speaking Esl Learners: Evidence For Feature Reassembly, Jenna Steiner

Theses and Dissertations

This study aims to identify whether the acquisition of the English copula by Arabic- speaking learners of English provides evidence for a performance or representational- based account of errors. The representational theory tested in this study is the Interpretability Hypothesis (Tsimpli & Mastropavlou, 2007) which proposes that language learners have only partial access to Universal Grammar (UG), making some language structures unacquirable for second language learners. The performance theory tested in this study is Feature Reassembly (Lardiere, 2008), which proposes that the source of errors lies with the mapping of features onto morphology rather inside the core computational component of …

Strengthening In-Service Training And Continuing Education (Ist/Ce) For Frontline Health Workers For Bauchi And Cross River States, Ekechi Okereke, Godwin Unumeri, Ibrahim Suleiman, Aisha Jibril

Reproductive Health

This brief details Council efforts to develop effective, and costed, in-service training and continuing education modules for frontline health workers in Bauchi and Cross River states in Nigeria. This project was funded by WHO to aid the training and development of Nigeria's public health worker sector.

Gender And Power Metrics Database, Population Council

Reproductive Health

This compendium of gender- and power-related scales used in social health and behavioral science research includes unique scales, many tested in multiple settings, that come primarily from the areas of sexual and reproductive health, family planning, STIs/HIV, and intimate partner violence. The database includes multi-item scales and single-item questions that reflect gender norms, personal views or beliefs about gender roles and norms, related feelings or emotions, gender role stress, gendered-dynamics, power and control in relationships, and individual-level agency and self-efficacy, among others. The database facilitates the identification of validated scales for use in a given population or setting, fosters exchange …

Six Of One, Une Demi-Douzaine De L’Autre: Detecting Cross-Language Code-Switching In A Continuous Narrative, Melissa Kadish

Senior Independent Study Theses

This Independent Study examined how cross-language code-switching is processed and perceived. The following experiment compared how long English-French bilinguals, English monolinguals, and English-speaking French-language-learners took to detect instances of French/English code-switching in a semantically-rich narrative. Bilinguals displayed shorter change-detection response latencies than language learners and monolinguals, but the latter two groups did not significantly differ. These results provide insight into how the observed cognitive differences between bilinguals and monolinguals may develop, and offer support for the multi-language lexical processing theory of language interference. This study also addresses potential sociocultural origins of the observed language-level differences in code-switching perception by examining …

Implementing And Scaling-Up Stepping Stones In Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa: Lessons From Working In Informal Settlements, Cecilia Milford, M. Mtshali, Mags Beksinska, Julie Pulerwitz

HIV and AIDS

KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), a major epicenter of the South African HIV epidemic, has large informal settlements where thousands of people live. The settlements are often underserved by municipal services and lack accessible health care. Given high rates of HIV, there is a critical need to assess the successes and challenges of implementing HIV prevention and treatment in this context. Stepping Stones is a widely used life-skills training intervention focused on curbing gender-based violence and reducing HIV risk. The program addresses issues such as communication about HIV, relationship skills, and assertiveness. The manual-based curriculum encourages participants to engage in critical reflection through …

Antihypertensive Drugs, Population Council

Reproductive Health

Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a condition in pregnant women marked by an increase in blood pressure and protein in the urine after 20 weeks gestation. Eclampsia is a life-threatening condition characterized by convulsions in women with PE. PE/E and other hypertensive disorders in pregnancy increase risk of preterm births. Providing high-quality and regular antenatal care improves the prevention and early detection of PE and can prevent its progression to eclampsia. Prescribing low-dose aspirin and calcium to at-risk women can prevent PE and eclampsia. PE and eclampsia can be managed by administering antihypertensive drugs and magnesium sulphate (MgSO4). MgSO4 is the safest …

Autonomy, Intimate Partner Violence, And Maternal Health-Seeking Behavior: Findings From Mixed-Methods Analysis In Nigeria, Pooja Sripad, Charity Ndwiga, Charlotte E. Warren

Reproductive Health

Gendered norms and discriminatory practices often limit women’s decision-making power, which over time can lead to social norms that systematically subordinate women. Aspects of empowerment were explored in a global evaluation of Demographic and Health Survey data that measured how gendered social norms influenced maternal health-seeking behaviors. Analysis specifically explored associations of women’s autonomy and acceptability of intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) on antenatal care use and facility delivery in 63 low- and middle-income countries. Service utilization is positively associated with increased autonomy and negatively associated with increased acceptability of IPVAW, but variability exists across countries and regions. In …

Assessing The Effect Of A Primary Health Care Intervention For Improving Pre-Eclampsia And Eclampsia Knowledge And Practice In Bangladesh, Sharif M.I. Hossain, Shongkour Roy, Kanij Sultana, Charlotte E. Warren

Reproductive Health

In resource-poor countries such as Bangladesh, proven life-saving commodities for pregnant women have not been optimally examined, such as magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) to manage severe pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, use of anti-hypertensives to manage high blood pressure during pregnancy, aspirin prophylaxis for pregnant women at high risk of PE/E, as well as task shifting to lower health-worker cadres, and community involvement. There has been no systematic review of research and programming on PE/E prevention, early detection, and treatment in Bangladesh. With support from USAID, the Ending Eclampsia project has been expanding access to proven, underutilized interventions and commodities for PE/E prevention, early detection, …

Feasibility And Acceptability Of Community Health Extension Workers To Identify And Treat Hypertension Associated With Pregnancy: Implementation Research Report, Emmanuel Nwala, Udochisom Anaba, Pooja Sripad, Salisu Mohammed Ishaku, Charlotte E. Warren

Reproductive Health

Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, experienced by 10 percent of women globally, are major contributors to maternal and newborn mortality, morbidity, and disability. Task shifting essential health services to mitigate insufficient human resources is recommended to strengthen and expand the health workforce and rapidly increase access to quality services. Nigeria’s task-shifting policy recommends that community health extension workers administer a loading dose of magnesium sulphate for severe pre-eclampsia or eclampsia prior to referral to a higher-level facility. This study tested the feasibility and acceptability of community health extension workers at primary health care facilities in Ebonyi state in detecting and managing …

"No To Circumcision": The Road To Effective Social Marketing Campaigns In Egypt, Salma Abou Hussein, Sarah Ghattass

Reproductive Health

To inform the design and scale up of initiatives that can drive a change in attitudes and behaviors toward FGM/C abandonment, there is a rising need to understand the perspectives of individuals who are exposed to social marketing campaigns (SMCs), which are a key intervention to promote the abandonment of the practice. This working paper presents the findings of a study that sought to understand how, where, and why SMCs for FGM/C abandonment are working, and with what impact, to inform design and scale-up of campaigns that can foster new perspectives, expectations, and behaviors.

Post-Intervention Analysis Of Pre-Eclampsia And Eclampsia In Three Nigerian States, Salisu Mohammed Ishaku, Emmanuel Nwala, Gloria Adoyi, Charles Nwigwe, Solomon Kongyamba, Udochisom Anaba, Caroline Johnson, Karen Kirk, Pooja Sripad, Charlotte E. Warren

Reproductive Health

In the last three decades, global maternal mortality has decreased by almost 45 percent, but approximately 830 women still die daily from largely preventable pregnancy complications. Since 2015, the Ending Eclampsia project, with support from USAID, has been working to expand proven, underutilized interventions and commodities for pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (PE/E) prevention, early detection, and treatment, and to strengthen global partnerships for care of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP), of which PE/E are the severest forms. A systematic review of the literature identifies a number of articles reporting PE/E burdens within set populations, common risk factors, adverse outcomes, and mortality rates, but …