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1990

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Institution
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Articles 1 - 30 of 735

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Editor's Note, Robert L. Moxley Dec 1990

Editor's Note, Robert L. Moxley

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Farm Structure And Use Of The Conservation Reserve Program Of The 1985 Farm Bill, Joseph N. Kairumba, Gerald C. Wheelock Dec 1990

Farm Structure And Use Of The Conservation Reserve Program Of The 1985 Farm Bill, Joseph N. Kairumba, Gerald C. Wheelock

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

Within the conservation and production objectives that form the current Farm Bill, there are a range of options that encourage uniquely tailored farm plans for each farm and landowner (LO) situation. In this attempt to predict use of one option, the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), three broad sets of farm structure variables were employed. These were farming scale, planning horizon, and farm specialization. A two-stage systematic sample of 437 farm parcels from county ASCS lists resulted in 187 land owner interviews for discriminant analysis. Participation in CRP was most discriminated by two farm size variables--crop acres and gross farm income. …

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The Adaptations Of Farmers In An Era Of Declining Groundwater Supplies, Don E. Albrecht Dec 1990

The Adaptations Of Farmers In An Era Of Declining Groundwater Supplies, Don E. Albrecht

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

In recent years it has become increasingly apparent that modem agricultural practices are resulting in a wide array of environmental problems, and in particular resource depletion problems. As of yet, however, there has been a relative lack of research on the adaptations made by farmers when faced with the depletion of an important resource. This paper helps address this void by exploring the adaptations of farmers (N = 700) in the Texas High Plains to the depletion of their primary source of irrigation water--the Ogallala Aquifer. It was found that the proportion of farm operators who had adopted each of …

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Acknowledgements, Robert L. Moxley Dec 1990

Acknowledgements, Robert L. Moxley

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Institutions Under Influence: The Case Of Knowledge Stratification Within The U.S. Land Grant System, Rosalind P. Harris Dec 1990

Institutions Under Influence: The Case Of Knowledge Stratification Within The U.S. Land Grant System, Rosalind P. Harris

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

The U.S. land grant system is notably stratified in its distribution of knowledge and power. In the upper strata are historically white land grant (HWLG) institutions often referred to as "1862 Institutions," which command power and resources from their historic ability to produce the agricultural and scientific knowledge supportive of state and national economic development goals. In the lower strata are historically black land grant (HBLG) institutions often called "1890 institutions." They struggle against the historical conditioning that has, until recently, restricted their efforts in producing knowledge to the manual applications and teaching of farming. This article examines how historical …

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Obstacles And Opportunities: Funding Research At The 1890 Land Grant Institutions, Alton Thompson Dec 1990

Obstacles And Opportunities: Funding Research At The 1890 Land Grant Institutions, Alton Thompson

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

Similar to other university faculties, faculty members at 1890 land grant institutions are expected to support their research programs with grants from sources outside their institutions. Although the expectation of securing grants has not received the public attention that the "publish or perish" dictum has, faculty at the 1890 institutions seeking promotion and tenure must increasingly demonstrate that they can procure grant funds. Numerous inhibitive factors, however, tend to attenuate the success of 1890 faculty in obtaining research grant funding and in implementing such research projects. In this study, three key factors are examined: political, research infrastructure, and faculty initiative. …

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Human Resources In The South: Rural Sociology In The 1990s, Peggy J. Ross Dec 1990

Human Resources In The South: Rural Sociology In The 1990s, Peggy J. Ross

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

This article focuses on the problem of human resources in the South during the 1980s. The author contends that the problem is especially critical in the rural South, where the impacts of widespread rural economic stress in the eighties contributed to further underdevelopment of already limited human resources. Educationally, the South not only lags other regions, but the rural South lags the urban South. Furthermore, a wide gap exists in the educational attainment of southern rural blacks and whites. It is argued that the development of an adequate human resources base in the rural South begins with building initiative and …

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1890 Institutions' Extension Program And Rural Development, Adell Brown Jr. Dec 1990

1890 Institutions' Extension Program And Rural Development, Adell Brown Jr.

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

The black land-grant colleges' contributions to developing the rural South are traced back before they were added to the land-grant system by the passage of the Morrill Act of 1890. The 1890 Extension target clientele are small farmers and limited resource persons who were not being reached by the conventional delivery system. Before 1972, the 1890 institutions primarily assisted the 1862 universities to serve black farmers and provide training and housing for black specialists and agents. In 1972, the passage of USDA Appropriation Act, under 3(d) section of the Smith-Lever Act, provided funds for the 1890 institutions to fulfill the …

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The Decline Of Black Farmers And Strategies For Survival, Robert Zabawa, Arthur Siaway, Ntam Baharanyi Dec 1990

The Decline Of Black Farmers And Strategies For Survival, Robert Zabawa, Arthur Siaway, Ntam Baharanyi

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

By most accounts, black farmers in the United States are categorized as either limited resource or subsistence producers given an historic lack of access to credit, mechanical, and land resources. Additionally, advanced age and limited education have placed black farmers on the "endangered" list. Given these constraints to financial and human capital, black farmers have adopted survival strategies in an attempt to maintain their farms. Results presented here from research conducted in the Black Belt region of Alabama indicate that there is a high degree of participation in the off-farm workforce and reliance on off-farm income for black farm family …

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The 1890 Land-Grant Universities, Robert L. Moxley Dec 1990

The 1890 Land-Grant Universities, Robert L. Moxley

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Spartan Daily, December 12, 1990, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications Dec 1990

Spartan Daily, December 12, 1990, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications

Spartan Daily (School of Journalism and Mass Communications)

Volume 95, Issue 69

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Spartan Daily, December 11, 1990, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications Dec 1990

Spartan Daily, December 11, 1990, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications

Spartan Daily (School of Journalism and Mass Communications)

Volume 95, Issue 68

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Spartan Daily, December 10, 1990, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications Dec 1990

Spartan Daily, December 10, 1990, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications

Spartan Daily (School of Journalism and Mass Communications)

Volume 95, Issue 67

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Spartan Daily, December 7, 1990, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications Dec 1990

Spartan Daily, December 7, 1990, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications

Spartan Daily (School of Journalism and Mass Communications)

Volume 95, Issue 66

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Spartan Daily, December 6, 1990, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications Dec 1990

Spartan Daily, December 6, 1990, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications

Spartan Daily (School of Journalism and Mass Communications)

Volume 95, Issue 65

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Spartan Daily, December 5, 1990, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications Dec 1990

Spartan Daily, December 5, 1990, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications

Spartan Daily (School of Journalism and Mass Communications)

Volume 95, Issue 64

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Spartan Daily, December 4, 1990, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications Dec 1990

Spartan Daily, December 4, 1990, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications

Spartan Daily (School of Journalism and Mass Communications)

Volume 95, Issue 63

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Spartan Daily, December 3, 1990, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications Dec 1990

Spartan Daily, December 3, 1990, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications

Spartan Daily (School of Journalism and Mass Communications)

Volume 95, Issue 62

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Developments In Money, Credit And Banking In The Fourth Quarter Of 1990, Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn Dec 1990

Developments In Money, Credit And Banking In The Fourth Quarter Of 1990, Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn

Economic and Financial Review

The growth of the money stock maintained the high tempo observed since the third quarter. The acceleration was influenced by the sharp rise in foreign assets ( net) of the banking system and the increase in credit (net) to the domestic economy. Credit (net) to the government sector rose sharply while merchant banks' credit to the private sector was excessive. The expansion in the number and activities of commercial and merchant banks continued into the fourth quarter. The banks' assets and deposit liabilities increased substantially. The overall liquidity of the commercial banks increased while that of the merchant banks decreased …

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Developments In The Financial Markets In The Fourth Quarter Of 1990, Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn Dec 1990

Developments In The Financial Markets In The Fourth Quarter Of 1990, Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn

Economic and Financial Review

Activity on the capital market w~ mixed and varied during the fourth quarter. The tempo of activity in the new issues market was very high in contrast'-to developments in the secondary market. The number of stockbroking firms increased from 76 in the third quarter to 80 in the fourth quarter of the year. Also, the unit trust scheme was launched during the quarter. Both the primary and secondary segments of the money market were quite active during the quarter. Total money market instruments outstanding increased substantially while the volume of rediscounts also increased appreciably.

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Developments In The Agricultural Sector In The Fourth Quarter Of 1990, Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn Dec 1990

Developments In The Agricultural Sector In The Fourth Quarter Of 1990, Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn

Economic and Financial Review

Given these positive developments, overall output of staple crops, rose at the end of the quarter, by 10.2 per cent compared with 4.9 per cent in the corresponding period of the previous year. Livestock production increased by 0.6 per cent in contrast to a decline of 0.7 per cent in the fourth quarter of 1989. However, the performance of the agricultural sector was moderated slightly by a few reports of drought and pests outbreaks in Bomo, Kano, Katsina and Sokoto States, where some field crops such as millet, sorghum and cowpeas were destroyed, while erosion and flood threatened crop production …

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Developments In Industrial Sector In The Fourth Quarter Of 1990, Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn Dec 1990

Developments In Industrial Sector In The Fourth Quarter Of 1990, Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn

Economic and Financial Review

The industrial sector recorded modest improvement in the fourth quarter of 1990. At 262.8 (1972=100), the index of industrial production showed increases of 7.8 and 4.2 per cent over the levels in the third quarter of 1990 and the fourth quarter of 1989, respectively. The improvement was attributed largely to illcreases of 7.2 and 3.6 per cent in mining and manufacturing output, respectively. Electricity consumption index, on the other hand, fel] below the level in the corresponding quarter of the previous year by 1.7 per cent.

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Developments In The Retail Market Prices Of Selected Consumer Items In Lagos Areas During The Fourth Quarter Of 1990, Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn Dec 1990

Developments In The Retail Market Prices Of Selected Consumer Items In Lagos Areas During The Fourth Quarter Of 1990, Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn

Economic and Financial Review

The retail price of some selected consumer items in the Lagos Area rose marginally during the fourth quarter of 1990. The report of the survey conducted by CBN revealed that the prices of 37 out of the 69 commodities sampled increased when compared to their levels in the preceding quarter. Overall, the index of consumer prices was 2238 (1975=100), representing an increase of 2. 7 per cent over the level in the preceding quarter and 6.8 per cent when compared to the corresponding quarter of 1989 (see Table 1). All components of the consumer basket surveyed exhibited increases in prices, …

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Developments In The External Sector During The Fourth Quarter Of 1990, Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn Dec 1990

Developments In The External Sector During The Fourth Quarter Of 1990, Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn

Economic and Financial Review

The external sector came under more severe pressure during the fourth quarter of 1990. This was attributed to developments in both foreign exchange receipts and outpayments. While foreign exchange receipts declined by 9.1 per cent, outpayments rose by 23.4 per cent from their levels in the third quarter. As a result of these developments, the overall movement in foreign exchange, which showed a slight surplus in the third quarter of 1990 vis-a-vis the fourth quarter of 1989, turned around to a deficit of $390.3 million in the fourth quarter of 1990. This is significant since it was the only quarter …

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Exchange Rate Policy And The Structural Adjustment Programme In African Countries: Case Studies Of Zambia, Kenya, Ghana And Nigeria, S. E. Omoruyi Dec 1990

Exchange Rate Policy And The Structural Adjustment Programme In African Countries: Case Studies Of Zambia, Kenya, Ghana And Nigeria, S. E. Omoruyi

Economic and Financial Review

The purpose of this paper is to review the experiences of some selected countries in Africa- Zambia, Kenya, Ghana and Nigeria- that have implemented adjustment programmes supported by the use of IMF resources, focusing largely on the role of their exchange rate policies. The paper is divided into four parts. Part I highlights the policy targets/objectives and instruments of structural adjustment and discusses in some detail.the role of exchange rate in the programmes of the countries under reference. In Part II, a theoretical analysis is undertaken of exchange rate concepts and the typology of the transmission mechanism linking exchange rate …

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Foreign Private Investment Survey In 1988, Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn Dec 1990

Foreign Private Investment Survey In 1988, Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn

Economic and Financial Review

Although the 1988 survey on Foreign Private Investment showed that there was an increase in the net capital inflow through the Nigerian/foreign jointly-owned companies, a closer look revealed that the 22 per cent increase in the level of the gross inflow of capital over the 1987 level was merely due to naira exchange rate depreciation of 222 per cent between December 1987 and December 1988. Net investments by alien entrepreneurs continued to be dominated by unsettled liabilities to their overseas trading partners while the relative share of equity investments was relatively small, inspite of the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) which …

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The National Housing Policy By Federal Ministry Of Works And Housing, Federal Republic Of Nigeria February 1991, O. O. Akanji Dec 1990

The National Housing Policy By Federal Ministry Of Works And Housing, Federal Republic Of Nigeria February 1991, O. O. Akanji

Economic and Financial Review

The document being reviewed is a book of forty-eight pages divided into nine chapters, highlighting three basic areas, viz: Land Development, Financing and Building Materials. Chapter one introduces the need for the Federal Government to come up with the new policy while chapter two outlines the goals and objectives of the Housing Policy (see Annexure 1). Chapters 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 discuss the details of the strategies and the tools for achieving the goals and objectives, while chapter 9 states how the objectives will be monitored and evaluate.J.

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Financial Deregulation, The Demand For Money And Monetary Policy In Australia, By P.A.V. Swamy And George S. Tavlas Imf Staff Papers, Vol. 36, No. 1, March 1989, F. O. Odoko Dec 1990

Financial Deregulation, The Demand For Money And Monetary Policy In Australia, By P.A.V. Swamy And George S. Tavlas Imf Staff Papers, Vol. 36, No. 1, March 1989, F. O. Odoko

Economic and Financial Review

The paper covers an important subject matter that is of relevance to the N"igerian economy in 'View of our recent experiences, with deregulation in general and in particular of the financial sector. The experience of the Australian financial system in the era of regulation was quite similar to the Nigerian experience. The sprouting and blossoming of finance houses in the face of strict regulation prior to policy reforms is a case in point. Thus, useful lessons can be drawn for our benefit through a thorough review of this paper. The paper examines the factors which informed the process of financial …

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Statistics (December 1990), Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn Dec 1990

Statistics (December 1990), Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn

Economic and Financial Review

This is a statistical representation of economic activities in Nigeria in December 1990

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The Challenges Of Strategic Planning In The Banking Industry In The 1990s., Ibi Ajayi Dec 1990

The Challenges Of Strategic Planning In The Banking Industry In The 1990s., Ibi Ajayi

Bullion

Development within the overall economy inevitably have direct impacts on the environment and regulatory framework within which banks operate. Similarly, the operational efficiency of the banks or other wise in bringing to fruition the social and economic yearnings of the state has dire impact on the society. it is the realisation of this linkage that has led some commentators to assert that the banking sector is both the hand-maid and mid-wife of the economy. what is true also is that finance is the key to investment and investment leads to growth. Furthermore, the paper discusses what is strategic planning?; Change …

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