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Articles 1 - 30 of 266
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Determinants Of Entrepreneurial Startup: How Do They Differ Between Oil And Non-Oil Exporting Countries And How Have They Changed Over Time, Jeffrey B. Nugent, Runnan Guo, Xinlu Zhao
Determinants Of Entrepreneurial Startup: How Do They Differ Between Oil And Non-Oil Exporting Countries And How Have They Changed Over Time, Jeffrey B. Nugent, Runnan Guo, Xinlu Zhao
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
While there is a long history of studies investigating the effects of oil curse on growth, and links thereto via various institutional characteristics like democracy, susceptibility to corruption and political instability, and macroeconomic policies including exchange rates, only quite rarely have these been extended to effects on entrepreneurship at the individual level. Even among the relatively few studies that have done so, seldom have such studies examined the effects of changes in the relevant variables over time. The purpose of this paper is to examine an even wider range of factors (at both the individual and national levels) affecting entrepreneurial …
Charting Saudi Arabia's Course To Net Zero Emissions: The Crucial Role Of Energy Efficiency, Fateh Belaïd
Charting Saudi Arabia's Course To Net Zero Emissions: The Crucial Role Of Energy Efficiency, Fateh Belaïd
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
The evaluation of the role of energy efficiency in addressing climate change is paramount, given the concerns about the ongoing global warming. This study delves into the impact of energy efficiency on carbon intensity within Saudi Arabia’ decarbonization and examines its potential contributions to the nation's ambitious net-zero emissions target. Analyzing a time series of data from 1971 to 2020 and employing a quantile regression model, our findings underscore the critical significance of energy efficiency in mitigating GHG emissions, emphasizing the necessity of harnessing this tool to expedite the decarbonization process. Notably, the model remains robust, even when accounting for …
Poverty And Climate Change In South And East Of Mediterranean , Causes, Consequences Et Perspectives, Alain Safa, Nathalie Hilmi, David Dalmasso, Manal Shehabi
Poverty And Climate Change In South And East Of Mediterranean , Causes, Consequences Et Perspectives, Alain Safa, Nathalie Hilmi, David Dalmasso, Manal Shehabi
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
According to the IPCC AR6 report, The global temperature over the past 10 years has warmed 11 degrees more than during the pre-industrial era (1850-1900). Greenhouse gas concentrations were higher in 2019. Climate change is rapid, intensifying, and affecting all regions of the world. If emissions of CO2, methane and other greenhouse gases are not reduced, the goal of limiting the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees will be out of reach. The ice caps continue to melt, and the sea level continues to rise. The negative effects of climate change are an intensification of extreme events such as tropical cyclones, …
The Asymmetric Effects Of External Debt On Economic Growth In Selected Mena Countries: Some Insights From A Panel Quantile Regression, Mahmoud Haddad, Refk Selmi, Shawkat Hammoudeh
The Asymmetric Effects Of External Debt On Economic Growth In Selected Mena Countries: Some Insights From A Panel Quantile Regression, Mahmoud Haddad, Refk Selmi, Shawkat Hammoudeh
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
The increased level of debt is a major risk for the financial stability and questions the ability of countries to balance fiscal vulnerabilities with development goals. With the rising debt wave and additional pressures induced by the pandemic and the Russian/Ukrainian war on sources of development finance, this study uses a panel quantile regression to re-examine the asymmetric relationship between the external debt and economic growth in six highly indebted MENA countries, namely, Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, and Tunisia over the period 2006-2019. The outcomes support the main hypothesis that high debt reduces economic growth, yet this effect seems …
Exchange Rate Pass-Through To Headline Consumer Prices In Egypt: Exploring Asymmetric Effects, Ziad Amer
Exchange Rate Pass-Through To Headline Consumer Prices In Egypt: Exploring Asymmetric Effects, Ziad Amer
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
While the exchange rate pass-through to Inflation has been thoroughly investigated in the theoretical and empirical literature, few studies have attempted to investigate the passthrough in Egypt with mixed results. This paper attempts at investigating the exchange rate passthrough to headline consumer prices in Egypt, including potential presence of asymmetric effects of a currency appreciation/depreciation on consumer prices. Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lags methodology is used on quarterly data from 2001 to 2022. The paper's contribution to the literature is threefold: First, this paper utilizes an updated time series from 2001 to 2022. Second, a newly developed quantitative index that captures …
Relationship Between Consumer Confidence Index And Leading Sectors In Turkey, Erhan Aslanoğlu, Yasin Enes Aksu, Jonberk Okan
Relationship Between Consumer Confidence Index And Leading Sectors In Turkey, Erhan Aslanoğlu, Yasin Enes Aksu, Jonberk Okan
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
As a leading indicator, the ability to measure the predictive power of consumer surveys are very important for economic policy makers, especially to capture a forward-looking perspective on consumer trends. Trends in leading sectors such as real estate, automobile and consumer electronics are expected to signal direction of consumption demand in an economy. Within this framework, whether the consumer confidence signals the trends in leading sectors or the trend in leading sectors effect the consumer sentiment are vital questions to detect the dynamics of domestic demand. Macroeconomic cycles like high and volatile inflationary environments might create counter effect to determine …
Interaction Between Monetary And Fiscal Policies: Evidence From Egypt, Mouchera Karara, Mona Fayed, Heidi Aly
Interaction Between Monetary And Fiscal Policies: Evidence From Egypt, Mouchera Karara, Mona Fayed, Heidi Aly
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
Surviving the COVID-19 crisis would not have been possible without the unprecedented support measures implemented worldwide. Monetary and fiscal policy tools had to be used aggressively and innovatively to withstand the adverse impact of the crisis in 2020. In order to effectively design policy interventions to achieve the desired targets while accounting for potential trade-offs, an understanding of the interaction between monetary and fiscal policies becomes a prerequisite. The changing global and local economic conditions call for rigorous and continuous research on the topic to guide policy makers in navigating through the critical times ahead of the Egyptian economy and …
The Impacts Of Cumulative Tariff Rates On Global Value Chains, Halit Yanıkkaya, Pınar Tat, Abdullah Altun
The Impacts Of Cumulative Tariff Rates On Global Value Chains, Halit Yanıkkaya, Pınar Tat, Abdullah Altun
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
This study analyzes the impacts of tariffs on global value chain participation by employing value-added trade statistics and the idea of cumulative tariff rates for 12 sectors from 168 countries over the years 1990 to 2015. The main finding is that both market access and input tariff rates have significant negative impacts on sectoral global value chain participation. The effect is persistent in the analysis we employ cumulative tariff rates. Apart from these policy determinants, sector and country-level endowments such as higher relative length, capital intensity, FDI stock, and education level appear as major drivers for higher total, forward, and …
Regime-Dependent Financial Risk Transmission And Connectedness In Mena Economies: A Smooth Transition Threshold Vector Autoregressive Analysis, Mehmet Balcilar, Ojonugwa Usman
Regime-Dependent Financial Risk Transmission And Connectedness In Mena Economies: A Smooth Transition Threshold Vector Autoregressive Analysis, Mehmet Balcilar, Ojonugwa Usman
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
This study examines the impact of global financial market conditions on risk connectedness and transmission among MENA economies. Using weekly stock market volatilities and a smooth transition threshold vector autoregressive model, the authors analyze risk transmission under varying financial stress levels. Results show stronger risk interdependency during high-stress periods, with Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and the UAE as net risk transmitters. The regime-dependent model reveals stronger risk transmission compared to the overall mean-based VAR model.
The Effect Of Innovation On Employment In Turkiye, Hakki Kutay Bolkol, Ece Handan Guleryuz
The Effect Of Innovation On Employment In Turkiye, Hakki Kutay Bolkol, Ece Handan Guleryuz
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
In this paper, we examine the impact of innovation on employment in the Turkish labor market between 1991 and 2021 by using monthly patent grants and annual R&D expenditure statistics. We employ ARDL (autoregressive distributed lag) approach to carry out the empirical analysis. Our results differ mainly depending on the analyzed time period and analyzing innovation with two different proxies that give the same result, which is an indication of the robustness of the results. When the long-run model and the short-run model are analyzed separately, it is found that while the effect of innovation on employment is negative in …
Urban Insecurity And Security Expenditures In Turkiye, Gulay Gunluk-Senesen, Yasin Kutuk
Urban Insecurity And Security Expenditures In Turkiye, Gulay Gunluk-Senesen, Yasin Kutuk
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
The majority of the world's population now lives in urban areas, making cities targets of warfare and areas of insecurity in recent years. This has led to a growing interest in urban security and a shift towards the militarization of traditional police forces. However, the relationship between urban security and securitization is not well understood in the literature, and research on the implications of public resource allocation is limited. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of public security spending in reducing insecurity in urban areas in Turkey, against the backdrop of increased securitization in the 2000s. The study uses …
Green-Inclusive-Finance: The Case Of Selected Mena & Ssa Countries, Noha Emara, I-Ming Chiub, Sheila Warrick
Green-Inclusive-Finance: The Case Of Selected Mena & Ssa Countries, Noha Emara, I-Ming Chiub, Sheila Warrick
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
Using System General Method of Moments approach estimation methodology on annual data 73 developed and developing countries including 12 Middle East and North African (MENA) and 45 Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, the study estimates the impact of green finance on the eradication of extreme poverty by 2030, the first goal of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Using green bond issuance as a measure of green finance, the results indicate that the penetration of green finance measure has a positive, statistically significant impact on reducing extreme poverty for the full sample, but not in the MENA and SSA countries. Policy considerations …
The Impact Of Financial Development On The Attractiveness Of Foreign Direct Investment In The Mena Region, Trojette Ines, Nestor Odjoumani
The Impact Of Financial Development On The Attractiveness Of Foreign Direct Investment In The Mena Region, Trojette Ines, Nestor Odjoumani
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
This paper analyzes the role of the quality of governance on financial development to create favorable conditions to attract FDI in the MRNA region. Using a panel data and GMM method from 1985 to 2021, results show that the banking development variables (credit to the private sector) and capital account openness improve the attractiveness of FDI inflows. This effect is higher for countries above the governance threshold. However, the effects of the stock market variables (stock market value traded and capitalization) are significant and positive only in the developed group beyond a certain level of governance. Besides, the impacts of …
Financial Connectedness And Risk Transmission Among Mena Countries: Evidence From Connectedness Network And Clustering Analysis, Mehmet Balcilar, Ahmed H. Elsayed, Shawkat Hammoudeh
Financial Connectedness And Risk Transmission Among Mena Countries: Evidence From Connectedness Network And Clustering Analysis, Mehmet Balcilar, Ahmed H. Elsayed, Shawkat Hammoudeh
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
This study examines the financial connectedness and risk transmission among MENA economies by accounting for financial connectedness in the short and long run as well dependency under extreme market conditions and network graph analysis. To this end, Composite Financial Stress Indices are constructed for 11 MENA countries. In addition, a battery of econometric models is applied including the standard spillover approach, the frequency domain method, the quantile connectedness technique, and connectedness networks analysis. Using daily data over the period from June 30, 2006 to June 30, 2021, the empirical results show a positive and strong association between financial stress co-movements …
Labor Market Efficiency And Youth Unemployment In The Mena Region, Wasseem Mina
Labor Market Efficiency And Youth Unemployment In The Mena Region, Wasseem Mina
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
The Arab countries of the MENA region adopted a state-led development path in the sixties and seventies. Since then, the government and the public sector have become the main owners of factors of production and labor force employers (Cammett et al., 2015). Salehi-Isfahani (2012) projected high youth unemployment rate to be a key challenge. The purpose of this paper is to qualitatively discuss the development of youth unemployment over time in the Arab world and empirically examine the determinants of youth unemployment. Data shows that high youth unemployment is a challenge. Using system GMM estimation methodology and panel data on …
The Asymmetric Effects Of External Debt On Economic Growth In Selected Mena Countries: Some Insights From A Panel Quantile Regression, Mahmoud Haddad, Refk Selmi, Shawkat Hammoudeh
The Asymmetric Effects Of External Debt On Economic Growth In Selected Mena Countries: Some Insights From A Panel Quantile Regression, Mahmoud Haddad, Refk Selmi, Shawkat Hammoudeh
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
The increased level of debt is a major risk for the financial stability and questions the ability of countries to balance fiscal vulnerabilities with development goals. With the rising debt wave and additional pressures induced by the pandemic and the Russian/Ukrainian war on sources of development finance, this study uses a panel quantile regression to re-examine the asymmetric relationship between the external debt and economic growth in six highly indebted MENA countries, namely, Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco and Tunisia over the period 2006-2019. The outcomes support the main hypothesis that high debt reduces economic growth, yet this effect seems …
Do Economic Growth, Energy Consumption And Population Damage The Environmental Quality? Evidence From Five Regions Using The Nonlinear Ardl Approach, Aqib Mujtaba, Pabitra Kumar Jena, Bikash Ranjan Mishra, Phouphet Kyophilavong, Shawkat Hammoudeh, David Roubaud, Tania Dehury
Do Economic Growth, Energy Consumption And Population Damage The Environmental Quality? Evidence From Five Regions Using The Nonlinear Ardl Approach, Aqib Mujtaba, Pabitra Kumar Jena, Bikash Ranjan Mishra, Phouphet Kyophilavong, Shawkat Hammoudeh, David Roubaud, Tania Dehury
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
This study attempts to investigate how economic growth (EG), energy consumption (EC), and population (POP) hurt the environmental quality of five regions: South Asia, East Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, North America, as well as the Middle East and North Africa. The Wald and NARDL bounds tests check asymmetry and cointegration among the variables, respectively. The study has used the panel non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (PNARDL) model to analyze the non-linear panel cointegration and the panel short and longrun associations among the variables. In the long-run, EG with a negative shock has a positive and significant impact on CO2 …
Dynamics Between Power Consumption And Economic Growth At Aggregated And Disaggregated (Sectoral) Level Using The Frequency Domain Causality, Ashutosh Dash, Sangram Keshari Jena, Aviral Kumar Tiwari, Shawkat Hammoudeh
Dynamics Between Power Consumption And Economic Growth At Aggregated And Disaggregated (Sectoral) Level Using The Frequency Domain Causality, Ashutosh Dash, Sangram Keshari Jena, Aviral Kumar Tiwari, Shawkat Hammoudeh
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
We investigated the Granger causal relationship between the consumption of power both at the aggregate and sectoral level and economic growth in India using the frequency domain approach, which would help policy makers seek the efficient allocation of electricity via proper policy initiatives at different frequencies. We find that at the aggregate level, unidirectional causality runs from the total power consumption to economic growth, starting from the second up to the seventh quarter. In the sectoral context, the results are different. Since there is no causality between industrial power consumption and economic growth; therefore, an energy conservation policy can thus …
Manufacturing As The Engine Of Growth: Evidence From The Mena Region, Fatma Taşdemir
Manufacturing As The Engine Of Growth: Evidence From The Mena Region, Fatma Taşdemir
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
This study investigates the relationship between manufacturing share in GDP (MVA) and growth for a balanced panel of 13 Middle East and North Africa (MENA) economies over the 1996-2019 period. We examine whether the impact of MVA on growth may change depending on the structural domestic conditions (SDC) including human capital, governance and financial development. Our panel fixed effects threshold estimation results suggest that SDC provides an endogenously estimated threshold for the sensitivity of growth to MVA. Accordingly, manufacturing is the engine of growth for the episodes of SDC exceeding the data-driven estimated threshold levels. We find that SDC, themselves, …
Covid-19 Risk Analysis Of Turkey In The Context Of Syrian Influx, Ilhan Can Oze, Pinar Derin Gure, Ecem Yargici
Covid-19 Risk Analysis Of Turkey In The Context Of Syrian Influx, Ilhan Can Oze, Pinar Derin Gure, Ecem Yargici
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
The COVID-19 crisis is finding the unknown vulnerabilities of many countries, as well as allowing some to show and perform a myriad of unknown resiliencies and strengths. In analysing the source of strength, and vulnerability, we have to explore the myriad dimensions of society and the new inequalities and new social issues that have arisen. The analysis of COVID vulnerability must be understood as analysis not only of the health resources and systems but also the aspects of the society that become important for spreading or alleviating contagion or decreasing or increasing the level of disease mortality. For the Turkish …
Convergence In Co2 Emissions, Pınar Deniz
Convergence In Co2 Emissions, Pınar Deniz
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
The Paris Agreement (2016) brings hundreds of countries together under an international intention to limit global warming. Currently (December 2021), 193 parties submitted their first long-term trajectories to take action against climate change known as nationally determined contributions (NDCs). The agreement does not put forward a direct action plan but rather leave it to the parties. The agreement is successful in achieving the ultimate aim of creating awareness and setting global and local barriers against emissions. The domestic policies to comply with this supranational agreement to mitigate emissions create new economic challenges hence, NDCs, i.e., emission reduction aims, and the …
Reluctance To Report Criminal Incidents: Limited Access To Justice, Social Exclusion, And Gender, Ayça Akarçay, Sezgin Polat
Reluctance To Report Criminal Incidents: Limited Access To Justice, Social Exclusion, And Gender, Ayça Akarçay, Sezgin Polat
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
Measures of access to justice mainly use indicators from judicial statistics or legislation whereas subjective perceptions or attitudes are often measured by survey questions related to judicial services. Using Turkey’s Life Satisfaction Survey, we consider reluctance to report an experienced criminal incident, which is a factual statement, as an objective indicator affecting demand for and access to justice. We identify correlates of reluctance to report and find that socio-economic status has a negative impact on the probability of reporting a criminal incident, and that the impact is greater for women. Perceived social pressures related to gender and level of income …
Perspectives On The Environment: What Do Likert Values Tell Us For Meea?, Mine Cinar, Alain Safa, Denis Allemand
Perspectives On The Environment: What Do Likert Values Tell Us For Meea?, Mine Cinar, Alain Safa, Denis Allemand
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
This proceeding is a short version of our study on different perceptions and approaches for mitigation to environmental problems between social and natural scientists. We discuss our survey findings of perception differences between respondents from the MENA region relative to those in the US in terms of their awareness of environmental issues. The survey used Likert values to measure attitudes, values, knowledge, intent, business ethics and corporate social responsibility with respect to climate change.
The Impacts Of Environmental And Socio-Economic Risks On The Fisheries In The Mediterranean Region, Nathalie Hilmi, Shekoofeh Farahmand, Vicky W. Y. Lam, Mine Cinar, Alain Safa, Juliette Gilloteaux
The Impacts Of Environmental And Socio-Economic Risks On The Fisheries In The Mediterranean Region, Nathalie Hilmi, Shekoofeh Farahmand, Vicky W. Y. Lam, Mine Cinar, Alain Safa, Juliette Gilloteaux
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
The objective of this study is to investigate the impacts of the environmental and socio-economic risks on the fisheries in the Mediterranean region from an economic point of view. A balanced panel of 21 Mediterranean countries for 2001–2018 has been estimated by the GLS method, considering heteroskedasticity and correlation among cross sections. The volume of fish landed and landed values have been considered in two models. The results show that increases in sea bottom and surface temperature, H+ ion concentration and salinity threaten the fisheries in the Mediterranean region for the volume of fish landed and that sea surface temperature …
Are User Fees In Health Care Always Evil? Evidence From Family Planning, Maternal, And Child Health Services, Amira El-Shal, Patricia Cubi-Molla, Mireia Jofre-Bonet
Are User Fees In Health Care Always Evil? Evidence From Family Planning, Maternal, And Child Health Services, Amira El-Shal, Patricia Cubi-Molla, Mireia Jofre-Bonet
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
The effect of introducing or increasing user fees in low- and middle-income countries is controversial. While user fees are advocated as an effective means of generating revenue and enabling the quality improvement of health services, they are a financial barrier to access health services for the poorer. This paper contributes to the literature on the demand-side financing in health by providing evidence on the medium-term effects of introducing user fees on the utilization of family planning, antenatal and delivery care services, women’s access to health care, and child health status in a middle-income country setting. Using difference-indifferences models with fixed …
Beyond The Digital Dividends: Fintect And Extreme Poverty In The Middle East And Africa, Noha Emara, Mahmoud Mohieldin
Beyond The Digital Dividends: Fintect And Extreme Poverty In The Middle East And Africa, Noha Emara, Mahmoud Mohieldin
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
This study analyzes the impact of the proliferation of Financial Technology (FinTech) on the achievability of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with respect to extreme poverty by 2030. The study uses system General Method of Moments (GMM) dynamic panel estimation methodology on annual data for 12 MENA and 45 SSA countries in addition to 70 emerging markets and developing economies from outside the two regions over the period from 2004 until the latest available data in 2018. Three different measures characterize FinTech adoption: the number of mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 people, the number of fixed broadband subscriptions per 100 …
Shooting Down Trade, Uğur Aytun, Cem Özgüzel
Shooting Down Trade, Uğur Aytun, Cem Özgüzel
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
On 24 November 2015, Turkish military shot down a Russian fighter jet near the SyrianTurkey border after it violated Turkish airspace for about 17 seconds. Russia retaliated by imposing an embargo on 17 agricultural HS-6 level products from Turkey that would be effective for 22 months. We exploit this natural experiment to evaluate the impact of sanctions on Turkish exports and exporters. Using restrictive customs and firm-level data in a triple difference framework, we estimate the effect of these sanctions on the exports towards Russia, for embargoed and non-embargoed products. We estimate a total trade loss of $3.25bn for Turkish …
Increasing Access To Finance By Collateral Reform: Evidence From The West Bank And Gaza (Proceedings Version), Zachary Hrenko, Jeffrey B. Nugent
Increasing Access To Finance By Collateral Reform: Evidence From The West Bank And Gaza (Proceedings Version), Zachary Hrenko, Jeffrey B. Nugent
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
Although capital has long been believed to be an engine of economic growth, making widespread access to credit a crucial ingredient to success in stimulating development, all too frequently firms in developing countries face serious obstacles in getting access to credit, their most important source of finance. Many studies have shown that access to finance is an especially strong obstacle to the development of small- and medium-sized enterprises (or “SMEs”), which contribute greatly to private sector employment and growth across the world (Ayyagari, Beck, and Demirgüç-Kunt, 2007 and Ayyagari, Demirgüç-Kunt, and Maksimovic, 2011). As a result, it is important for …
Political Consensus, Economic Reforms, And Democratic Transitions: Evidence From Voting Tunisian Reform Bills, Nizar Jouini, Manel Ben Akal
Political Consensus, Economic Reforms, And Democratic Transitions: Evidence From Voting Tunisian Reform Bills, Nizar Jouini, Manel Ben Akal
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
This study investigates the role of political consensus in accelerating economic reforms. We examine the role of unregular political mechanisms represented by the political consensus in correcting regular political institutions. In particular, we analyze the success or failure of accelerating a reform vote in the parliament to identify the causal effect of the consensus. Using a novel and original database of reforms between 2012 and 2019 in Tunisia, we compare economic and social reforms to political reforms before and after the consensus. We find a significant negative effect of consensus on the probability to accelerate reform votes. Additionally, consensus is …
Anatolian Tigers: Then And Now, Alpay Filiztekin, Oya Kent
Anatolian Tigers: Then And Now, Alpay Filiztekin, Oya Kent
Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
Turkish economy has experienced a policy shift from import-substitution to a widespread outward-oriented policy regime in 1980s. In this transition period, industrial sector has stood out as the leading in export-led growth policy. Trade openness coupled with export promotion strategies has reshaped business environment in Turkey and created new opportunities for local investors as well. Hence, this process had also considerable impacts in spatial distribution of industrial activities across Turkish regions. In this environment, some Turkish provinces have flourished a salient economic performance since 1980s that led them to be called by a colloquial term Anatolian Tigers, by associating their …