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Articles 1 - 30 of 82
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Happiness In Modern Society: Why Intelligence And Ethnic Composition Matter, Satoshi Kanazawa, Norman P. Li
Happiness In Modern Society: Why Intelligence And Ethnic Composition Matter, Satoshi Kanazawa, Norman P. Li
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Recent developments in evolutionary psychology suggest that living among others of the same ethnicity might make individuals happier and further that such an effect of the ethnic composition on life satisfaction may be stronger among less intelligent individuals. Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health showed that White Americans had significantly greater life satisfaction than all other ethnic groups in the US and this was largely due to the fact that they were the majority ethnic group; minority Americans who lived in counties where they were the numerical majority had just as much life satisfaction as White Americans …
7 'Pc' Ways To Make People-Centric Policies, David Chan
7 'Pc' Ways To Make People-Centric Policies, David Chan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
If asked to describe 2015 for Singapore, I would summarise it as "a people-centric year". For just about everyone - politicians, civil servants, community leaders, academics, journalists, social activists or the public itself - the attention was centred on issues that matter to the people. It may seem obvious that being people-centric should characterise how Singapore goes about things. But when people-centricity is driven by populist concerns or political correctness, the outcomes can be self-defeating at best and disastrous at worst. It is important that individuals, communities and the Government, who adopt the ideal of being people-centric, know what it …
Moocs And Crowdsourcing: Massive Courses And Massive Resources, John Prpić, James Melton, Araz Taeihagh, Terry Anderson
Moocs And Crowdsourcing: Massive Courses And Massive Resources, John Prpić, James Melton, Araz Taeihagh, Terry Anderson
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Premised upon the observation that MOOC and crowdsourcing phenomena share several important characteristics, including IT mediation, large-scale human participation, and varying levels of openness to participants, this work systematizes a comparison of MOOC and crowdsourcing phenomena along these salient dimensions. In doing so, we learn that both domains share further common traits, including similarities in IT structures, knowledge generating capabilities, presence of intermediary service providers, and techniques designed to attract and maintain participant activity. Stemming directly from this analysis, we discuss new directions for future research in both fields and draw out actionable implications for practitioners and researchers in both …
7 “Pc” Ways To Make People-Centric Policies, David Chan
7 “Pc” Ways To Make People-Centric Policies, David Chan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
If asked to describe 2015 forSingapore, I would summarise it as“a people-centric year”.
The Possibility Of Global Public Sociology, Hiro Saito
The Possibility Of Global Public Sociology, Hiro Saito
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
In this paper, I revisit the debate on public sociologywithin the wider institutional context of higher education.Once ramifications of globalisation of highereducation are taken into account, institutional constraintsplaced on public sociology turn out to bemuch larger than previously thought: a) the institutionalisationof world university rankings reinforcesthe dominance of professional sociology over publicsociology and; b) the commercialisation and vocationalisationof higher education worldwide underminesthe discipline of sociology as a whole. At the sametime, however, globalisation of higher education facilitatesthe formation of transnational networks ofsociologists examining transnational social problems,ranging from marketisation to climate change. Theseemerging transnational networks are likely to serve asinfrastructures for …
Enriching Cultural Psychology With Research Insights On Norms And Intersubjective Representations, Xi Zou, Angela K. Y. Leung
Enriching Cultural Psychology With Research Insights On Norms And Intersubjective Representations, Xi Zou, Angela K. Y. Leung
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Norms are one of the most important yet least understood processes influencing social behavior.Since the seminal work of Kurt Lewin (1943), social norms have been widely studied in socialpsychology research, contributing to studies on attitude–behavior relations (e.g., Ajzen, 1991),social influence (e.g., Deutsch & Gerard, 1955), social control (e.g., Ajzen & Madden, 1986;Bandura, 1977), group decision making (e.g., Janis, 1972; Longley & Pruitt, 1980), conformity(e.g., Asch, 1951; Sherif, 1936), and stereotypes (e.g., Schaller & Latané, 1996; Stangor, Sechrist,& Jost, 2001). The goal of this Special Issue is to capture the latest wave of research discoverieson the role of norms in understanding …
Economic Status And Old-Age Health In Poverty-Stricken Myanmar, Bussarawan Teerawichitchainan, John Knodel
Economic Status And Old-Age Health In Poverty-Stricken Myanmar, Bussarawan Teerawichitchainan, John Knodel
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Objective: We examine the association between poverty, economic inequality, and health among elderly in Myanmar. Method: We analyze 2012 data from Myanmar’s first representative survey of older adults to investigate how health indicators vary across wealth quintiles as measured by household possessions and housing quality. Results: Poverty and poor health are pervasive. Self-assessed health, sensory impairment, and functional limitation consistently improve with higher wealth levels regardless of socio-demographic controls. Differentials in self-rated health and sensory impairment between the bottom and second quintiles are clearly evident, suggesting that relative economic inequality matters even among very poor elders and that a small …
On The Social And Political Effects Of Opening In Rural China, Housi Cheng, Qian Forrest Zhang, John A. Donaldson
On The Social And Political Effects Of Opening In Rural China, Housi Cheng, Qian Forrest Zhang, John A. Donaldson
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
What are the economic, social and political effects when previously isolated villages are opened to the outside world? Scholars from different traditions expect different sorts of positive or negative affects to occur. Rural China presents an ideal environment to study this question empirically. Villages within rural China are in the process of being opened to the outside world in different forms, such as through being connected by road, the investment of agribusiness, or urbanization. Moreover this opening is being driven and shaped by different actors, including local residents, government and businesses. The different ways and actors that this opening occurs …
The Situation Of Thailand’S Older Population: An Update Based On The 2014 Survey Of Older Persons In Thailand, John Knodel, Bussarawan Teerawichitchainan, Vipan Prachuabmoh, Wiraporn Pothisiri
The Situation Of Thailand’S Older Population: An Update Based On The 2014 Survey Of Older Persons In Thailand, John Knodel, Bussarawan Teerawichitchainan, Vipan Prachuabmoh, Wiraporn Pothisiri
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Population ageing and the well-being of older persons are major emerging challenges for families, communities and government in Thailand as in much of Asia. The Thai government has been giving very serious attention to ageing issues. This was clearly indicated by the adoption of the Second National Plan for Older Persons covering 2002-2021, the prominence of ageing issues in the 2012-16 National Economic and Social Development Plan, and a 2015 establishment of the Department of Older Persons with expanded authority to carry out programs to support elderly Thais. Furthermore, the Old Age Allowance program was expanded in 2009 into a …
Relationship Dealbreakers: Traits People Avoid In Potential Mates, Peter K. Jonason, Justin R. Garcia, Gregory D. Webster, Norman P. Li, Helen E. Fisher
Relationship Dealbreakers: Traits People Avoid In Potential Mates, Peter K. Jonason, Justin R. Garcia, Gregory D. Webster, Norman P. Li, Helen E. Fisher
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Mate preference research has focused on traits people desire in partners (i.e., dealmakers) rather than what traits they avoid (i.e., dealbreakers), but mate preferences calibrate to both maximize benefits and minimize costs. Across six studies (N > 6,500), we identified and examined relationship dealbreakers, and how they function across relationship contexts. Dealbreakers were associated with undesirable personality traits; unhealthy lifestyles in sexual, romantic, and friendship contexts; and divergent mating strategies in sexual and romantic contexts. Dealbreakers were stronger in long-term (vs. short-term) relationship contexts, and stronger in women (vs. men) in short-term contexts. People with higher mate value reported more dealbreakers; …
Sweet Love: The Effects Of Sweet Taste Experience On Romantic Perceptions, Ren Dongning, Kenneth Tan, Ximena B. Arriaga, Kai Qin Chan
Sweet Love: The Effects Of Sweet Taste Experience On Romantic Perceptions, Ren Dongning, Kenneth Tan, Ximena B. Arriaga, Kai Qin Chan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Terms of endearment such as sweetie, honey, and sugar are commonly used in the context of describing romantic partners. This article explores how a relatively subtle manipulation, namely taste sensations, might influence romantic perceptions of a nonestablished relationship. Consistent with predictions, results from Studies 1 and 2 (n = 280) showed that participants evaluated a hypothetical relationship, but not an existing relationship, more favorably when exposed to sweet taste compared to non-sweet taste control. Study 3 (n = 142) further showed that participants indicated greater interest in initiating a relationship with a potential partner when exposed to sweet taste, as …
The Un, Regional Sanctions And Africa, Andrea Charron, Clara Portela
The Un, Regional Sanctions And Africa, Andrea Charron, Clara Portela
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Africa is the continent most targeted by sanctions. During the Cold War, when the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) was all but paralysed, the only sanctions regimes that the UN imposed were directed at countries located on the African continent: Southern Rhodesia and South Africa, penalized for their apartheid regimes. In the post-Cold War era, Africa has continued to register the highest frequency of sanctions, applied not only by the UN but by other organizations as well. Africa’s own regional bodies, such as the African Union (AU) and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), are active in wielding …
Living Arrangements And Psychological Well-Being Of The Elderly After The Economic Transition In Vietnam, Ken Yamada, Bussarawan Teerawichitchainan
Living Arrangements And Psychological Well-Being Of The Elderly After The Economic Transition In Vietnam, Ken Yamada, Bussarawan Teerawichitchainan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Objectives: We examine the relationship between living arrangements and psychological well-being of the older adults in Vietnam, where there is an influence of Confucian values and a lack of close substitutes for family care of the older adults, by exploiting a great deal of regional variation in economic development. We also examine the role of living arrangements in well-being differentials across regions. Method: We estimate a triangular simultaneous-equation discrete-response model, which accounts for the simultaneity between living arrangements and psychological well-being (happiness, depression, loneliness, poor appetite, and sleep disorder), using a nationally representative sample of 2,225 adults aged 60 and …
A Conclusion, Yet An Opening To Enriching The Normative Approach Of Culture, Chi-Yue Chiu, M. J. Gelfand, J. R. Harrington, Angela K. Y. Leung, Zhi Liu, M. W. Morris, Yan Mu, G. Shteynberg, Kim-Pong Tam, Ching Wan, Xi Zou
A Conclusion, Yet An Opening To Enriching The Normative Approach Of Culture, Chi-Yue Chiu, M. J. Gelfand, J. R. Harrington, Angela K. Y. Leung, Zhi Liu, M. W. Morris, Yan Mu, G. Shteynberg, Kim-Pong Tam, Ching Wan, Xi Zou
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
We compile in this article the target article authors’ thoughtful responses to the commentaries. Their responses identify some common threads across the rich contents of the commentary pieces, interlink the observation and theoretical propositions in the commentaries with broader streams of research, present new perspectives inspired by the commentary contributors, and pose provocative questions to further ignite research efforts on the normative analysis of culture.
Do We Owe Each Other Our Emotional Labor?, Aliya Hamid Rao
Do We Owe Each Other Our Emotional Labor?, Aliya Hamid Rao
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
In academia our intellectual pursuits are also inherently emotional. It is thus unsurprising that in a recent blog post (here) another graduate student makes a case for acknowledging that academic work is infused with emotional labor, and for creating a space for “crying in academia.” She urges us to move away from scripts of professionalism so that we can stop pretending that emotional labor is not intrinsic to almost all that we do as aspiring academics.
Butterfly Eyespots: Their Potential Influence On Aesthetic Preferences And Conservation Attitudes, Zoi Manesi, Paul A. M. Van Lange, Thomas V. Pollet
Butterfly Eyespots: Their Potential Influence On Aesthetic Preferences And Conservation Attitudes, Zoi Manesi, Paul A. M. Van Lange, Thomas V. Pollet
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Research has shown that the mere presence of stimuli that resemble eyes is sufficient to attract attention, elicit aesthetic responses, and can even enhance prosocial behavior. However, it is less clear whether eye-like stimuli could also be used as a tool for nature conservation. Several animal species, including butterflies, develop eye-like markings that are known as eyespots. In the present research, we explored whether the mere display of eyespots on butterfly wings can enhance: (a) liking for a butterfly species, and (b) attitudes and behaviors towards conservation of a butterfly species. Four online experimental studies, involving 613 participants, demonstrated that …
Vital Yet Vulnerable: Mental And Emotional Health Of South Asian Migrant Workers In Singapore, Nicholas Harrigan, Chiu Yee Koh
Vital Yet Vulnerable: Mental And Emotional Health Of South Asian Migrant Workers In Singapore, Nicholas Harrigan, Chiu Yee Koh
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Numbering nearly one million persons, low-waged, low-skilled migrant workers are a vital yet vulnerable part of Singapore’s economy and society. This study, undertaken several months before the Little India riots of December 2013, measures the psychological distress of 261 South Asian Work Permit holders, and 344 South Asian injury and salary claim workers. While most regular Work Permit holders are relatively happy and healthy, our study finds that 62 per cent of injury and salary claim workers meet the screening conditions for a Serious Mental Illness. We find that the three main drivers of psychological distress are (1) the housing …
Contemporary Daoist Tangki Practice, Margaret Chan
Contemporary Daoist Tangki Practice, Margaret Chan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Since 1979, China has seen a renaissance of indigenous belief systems, including Daoist tangki spirit-medium practice. Tangki traditions have Neolithic roots. The founding myth is of a man who magically battled flood demons to save China. In imperial times, ordinary people, disenfranchised by the state religion and pawns of dynastic wars, created a soteriology of self-empowerment. Ordinary people would transform through spirit pos-session into warrior gods who would save the community. Millennia-old tangki traditions have diffused into the modern Chinese quotidian. With a remote Central Committee of the Communist Party recalling distant emperors, village temples, many led by tangkis, have …
Enriching The Perceived Norms Perspective Of Intergenerational Cultural Transmission: The Roles Of Norm Reference Groups And Norm Adherence/Deviance Motive, Angela K. Y. Leung
Enriching The Perceived Norms Perspective Of Intergenerational Cultural Transmission: The Roles Of Norm Reference Groups And Norm Adherence/Deviance Motive, Angela K. Y. Leung
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
In this article, I seek to apply Morris and Liu (2015)’s functionalist account of subjective norms to enrich Tam’s (2015) perceived norms perspective of intergenerational cultural transmission. This enriched approach recognizes parents’ choice to construct their transmission preferences that include norms of a nonmainstream reference group and that support a norm deviance motive. In this light, I review empirical evidence examining some factors that affect whether parents reference on peer or elite groups or they tend toward norm adherence or deviance in the transmission process. Acknowledging these variants allows the bridge of value transmission and value change studies that are …
Intersubjective Norms: Cultural And Interpersonal Perspective, Kimin Eom, Heejung S. Kim
Intersubjective Norms: Cultural And Interpersonal Perspective, Kimin Eom, Heejung S. Kim
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Normative perspectives in cultural psychology provide a fresh view to understand the processes of cultural influence on human behavior. Although much of the existing research focuses on individuals’ internalized personal values and beliefs to explain cultural tendencies, the new perspective proposes perceived intersubjective norms as an alternative key component in cultural influence (Chiu, Gelfand, Yamagishi, Shteynberg, & Wan, 2010; Zou et al., 2009). Extending this newly emerging approach, the lead articles in this special issue address some of the important questions and issues of normative perspectives in cultural psychology. The articles provide useful explanations for why individuals vary in the …
Can Authoritarianism Lead To Greater Liking Of Out-Groups? The Intriguing Case Of Singapore, Arne Roets, Evelyn W. M. Au, Alain Van Hiel
Can Authoritarianism Lead To Greater Liking Of Out-Groups? The Intriguing Case Of Singapore, Arne Roets, Evelyn W. M. Au, Alain Van Hiel
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Authoritarianism refers to the individual’s willingness to submit to authorities that are perceived as established and legitimate and to conform to social norms and traditions endorsed by society at large, as well as a general aggressiveness toward groups that deviate from the modal norm (Altemeyer, 1981). Since the publication of The Authoritarian Personality, the seminal work by Adorno, Frenkel-Brunswik, Levinson, and Sanford (1950), numerous empirical studies have consistently demonstrated the seemingly inextricable link between authoritarianism and negative attitudes about out-groups (for a meta-analysis, see Sibley & Duckitt, 2008). Indeed, in the authoritarian mind, minorities are readily perceived as “bad, disruptive, …
Sense And Sensibility Of Ownership: Type Of Ownership Experience And Valuation Of Goods, Xiao-Tian Wang, Lay See Ong, Jolene Tan
Sense And Sensibility Of Ownership: Type Of Ownership Experience And Valuation Of Goods, Xiao-Tian Wang, Lay See Ong, Jolene Tan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
This study examined how the type of ownership experience affects the valuation of a good. We hypothesized that the sense of ownership is a psychological derivative of resource acquisition and allocation. We predicted a valuation order of stable ownership or no-ownership
Thinking About The Future Now, David Chan
Thinking About The Future Now, David Chan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
No abstract provided.
Being Chinese Again: Learning Mandarin In Post-Suharto Indonesia, Charlotte Setijadi
Being Chinese Again: Learning Mandarin In Post-Suharto Indonesia, Charlotte Setijadi
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
For thirty-two years under former President Suharto’s New Order regime (from 1966-1998), the teaching of Chinese languages in schools was banned in Indonesia. During this period of total assimilation, public displays of Chinese characters were prohibited along with other forms of Chinese cultural expressions, allegedly for the sake of national unity. From 1966-69, hundreds of Chinese medium schools and Chinese language press were closed in Chinese settlements throughout the archipelago and the formal teaching of Chinese languages in Indonesia effectively ceased. As a result, the majority of contemporary Chinese Indonesians no longer have the ability to speak, let alone write …
Being Environmentally Responsible: Cosmopolitan Orientation Predicts Pro-Environmental Behaviors, Angela K. Y. Leung, Kelly Koh, Kim-Pong Tam
Being Environmentally Responsible: Cosmopolitan Orientation Predicts Pro-Environmental Behaviors, Angela K. Y. Leung, Kelly Koh, Kim-Pong Tam
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Much research has examined individuals' values and beliefs as antecedents or correlates of pro-environmental behaviors (PEB). We approach this question from the novel perspective of individuals' cosmopolitan orientation (CO). We define CO as made up of three essential qualities. First, cultural openness captures individuals' receptiveness to immerse in and learn from other cultures. Second, global prosociality denotes a sense of collective moral obligation to universally respect and promote basic human rights. Third, respect for cultural diversity concerns high tolerance of and appreciation for cultural differences. Across two studies, we validated the Cosmopolitan Orientation Scale (COS) with theoretically related criterion measures …
Partner's Understanding Of Affective-Cognitive Meta-Bases Predicts Relationship Quality, Kenneth Tan, Ya Hui Michelle See, Christopher R. Agnew
Partner's Understanding Of Affective-Cognitive Meta-Bases Predicts Relationship Quality, Kenneth Tan, Ya Hui Michelle See, Christopher R. Agnew
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Knowledge that partners have about each other's attitudes are consequential for relationship quality. This article extends prior research and examines whether knowledge regarding a partner's meta-attitudinal bases, or subjective perceptions of how one's attitudes are driven, can influence relationship quality. Given how meta-bases are reflective of information-processing goals, we hypothesized that partner understanding of meta-attitudinal bases would positively predict relationship quality. Self and partner ratings of how relationally relevant attitudes were driven, as well as perceptions of relationship quality, were assessed. Results revealed that a partner's knowledge of one's meta-bases positively predicts one's own reported relationship quality. Results remained significant …
Five Phases Of Brokered International Marriages In South Korea: A Complexity Perspective, Jiyoung Song
Five Phases Of Brokered International Marriages In South Korea: A Complexity Perspective, Jiyoung Song
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
The paper examines the evolution in international commercial marriage migration from Southeast Asia to South Korea from a Complexity Theory (CT) framework, originally from natural sciences but vastly entering the field of social sciences. CT stresses the non-linear nature of complex systems that are composed of a large number of individual components operating within a conditioned boundary whose interactions lead emergent properties in an unpredictable way. The study is based on the author’s fieldwork interviews and participatory observations of marriage migrants, government officers, and social workers in South Korea in 2010-2013, which establishes five phases of brokered marriages, namely, (1) …
An Asian Perspective On Policy Instruments: Policy Styles, Governance Modes And Critical Capacity Challenges, Ishani Mukherjee, Michael Howlett
An Asian Perspective On Policy Instruments: Policy Styles, Governance Modes And Critical Capacity Challenges, Ishani Mukherjee, Michael Howlett
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Does Asia have a distinct policy style? If so, what does it look like, and why does it take the shape it does? This article argues that in the newly reinvigorated emphasis of policy studies on policy instruments and their design lies the basis of an analysis of a dominant policy style in the Asian region, with significant implications for understanding the roles played by specific kinds of policy capacities. There is a distinctly Asian policy style based on a specific pattern of policy capacities and governance modes. In this style, a failure to garner initial policy legitimacy in the …
An Asian Perspective On Policy Instruments: Policy Styles, Governance Modes And Critical Capacity Challenges, Ishani Mukherjee, Michael Howlett
An Asian Perspective On Policy Instruments: Policy Styles, Governance Modes And Critical Capacity Challenges, Ishani Mukherjee, Michael Howlett
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Does Asia have a distinct policy style? If so, what does it look like, and why does it take the shape it does? This article argues that in the newly reinvigorated emphasis of policy studies on policy instruments and their design lies the basis of an analysis of a dominant policy style in the Asian region, with significant implications for understanding the roles played by specific kinds of policy capacities. There is a distinctly Asian policy style based on a specific pattern of policy capacities and governance modes. In this style, a failure to garner initial policy legitimacy in the …
The Fundamentals Of Policy Crowdsourcing, John Prpic, Araz Taeihagh, James Melton
The Fundamentals Of Policy Crowdsourcing, John Prpic, Araz Taeihagh, James Melton
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
What is the state of the research on crowdsourcing for policymaking? This article begins to answer this question by collecting, categorizing, and situating an extensive body of the extant research investigating policy crowdsourcing, within a new framework built on fundamental typologies from each field. We first define seven universal characteristics of the three general crowdsourcing techniques (virtual labor markets, tournament crowdsourcing, open collaboration), to examine the relative trade-offs of each modality. We then compare these three types of crowdsourcing to the different stages of the policy cycle, in order to situate the literature spanning both domains. We finally discuss research …