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Articles 1 - 30 of 75
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
The Relationship Between Group Identification And Perceived Control Under Stressful Conditions, Fanshu Jin
The Relationship Between Group Identification And Perceived Control Under Stressful Conditions, Fanshu Jin
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Group identification provides important psychological resources. One potential benefit is that it may relieve individuals’ strain in stressful situation by increasing their perceived personal control. The current research explores the different roles that group identification plays in reaction to stressful performance situations. In particular, it investigates the extent to which group identification impacts perceived control in performance contexts. It was hypothesized that activating group identification prior to performing a challenging task will bolster perceptions of personal control, thereby sustaining or improving performance. An experimental study was conducted that manipulated salience of group identification, either before or after exposure to a …
Three Essays On Health Economics, Jihye Kim
Three Essays On Health Economics, Jihye Kim
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This thesis focuses on various factors affecting health of American adults and the elderly based on the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). In chapter 1, I examine the role of educational and racial differences in life expectancy (LE) and health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) for Americans at ages 45-64 using Health and Retirement Study (HRS) during 2000-2016. I compute severity-weighted prevalence of diseases with comorbidity adjustments based on the Global Burden of Disease (2015), and map onto the information on 17 doctor-diagnosed diseases and four self-rated disabling health conditions from HRS. This approach allows us to evaluate the importance of major …
Sins Of Our Fathers : Assessing Parental Incarceration As A "Turning Point" In The Lives Of Young Adults, Melissa Elizabeth Noel
Sins Of Our Fathers : Assessing Parental Incarceration As A "Turning Point" In The Lives Of Young Adults, Melissa Elizabeth Noel
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Coupled with other disadvantages, parental incarceration negatively impacts outcomes for children. Researchers have examined the consequences of parental incarceration mainly for children and adolescents, but it remains unclear about the long-term consequences as these children emerge into adulthood. Parental incarceration can affect social relationships and life attainments, increase labeling and stigmatization, and influence perceptions about society for young adults. Thus, this research study sought to examine parental incarceration as a “turning point” in which life outcomes of young adults are weakened or strengthened through this experience. Semi-structured interviews with 19 young adults were conducted and analyzed to examine: (1) whether …
Gender Journeys : Arts-Based Participatory Action Research With Non-Binary Young Adults, Darren Thomas Cosgrove
Gender Journeys : Arts-Based Participatory Action Research With Non-Binary Young Adults, Darren Thomas Cosgrove
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Increasing attention to the social and health disparities faced by lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) people has ushered in much needed attention to issues related to sexuality and gender diversity within social work literature. Among this burgeoning focus has been a particular emphasis on the experiences of transgender people. Such work is particularly relevant to social workers given the heightened rates of harassment and discrimination that transgender people face. Increased scholarly attention presents opportunities for new knowledge to inform social work policy and practice in service to transgender communities. While this expansion in literature addresses several significant needs, …
Modeling An Open Data Ecosystem : The Case Of Food Service Establishments Inspection In New York State, Mahdi Mirdamadi Najafabadi
Modeling An Open Data Ecosystem : The Case Of Food Service Establishments Inspection In New York State, Mahdi Mirdamadi Najafabadi
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Open Government Data (OGD) is becoming an increasingly popular initiative around the world. OGD initiatives have a broad number of stakeholders from different sectors and are influenced by many political, societal, and technological factors. In this thesis, I used the notion of Open Government Data Ecosystem (OGDE) as a holistic perspective to the OGD phenomenon, which encompasses important actors, their reciprocal interactions, and their impacts on the OGD environment.
Cross-Cultural Validation Of The Korean Version Of The Multicultural Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale-Racial Diversity Form (K-Mcse-Rd) For Korean Counselors, Sung Yong Park
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Faced with growing racial and ethnic diversity in South Korea, the demand for culturally competent counseling services by multicultural clients has increased. The current study aims to contribute to the research of multicultural counseling and multicultural counselor training by examining psychometric properties of the culturally adapted Multicultural Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale-Racial Diversity form for use in South Korea. The purposes of the study were threefold: (a) establish content validity during the translation and cross-cultural adaptation stage for the MCSE-RD to the context of multicultural counseling in South Korea; (b) test plausible underlying factor structures and report internal consistency reliability estimates of …
Naral And The Art Of Playing Defense : How Interest Groups Act When They Seek To Protect The Status Quo Of Public Policy, Katherine Elaine Slye-Hernandez
Naral And The Art Of Playing Defense : How Interest Groups Act When They Seek To Protect The Status Quo Of Public Policy, Katherine Elaine Slye-Hernandez
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Why do interest groups take certain actions in policy debates and not others? How do groups seeking to protect the status quo of policy act? These questions, and others, cannot be answered well by the current interest group literature, and this dissertation seeks to delve into this line of research with a case study of the National Abortion Rights Action League (NARAL). While certain aspects of the interest group literature, and a large part of the venue shopping literature specifically, can help scholars understand some actions of groups like NARAL, there are a whole host of actions NARAL took that …
Making Good : World War I, Disability, And The Senses In American Rehabilitation, Evan Patrick Sullivan
Making Good : World War I, Disability, And The Senses In American Rehabilitation, Evan Patrick Sullivan
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This study looks at how disabled American soldier-patients and the US Army used the senses as tools of rehabilitation after the Great War. Contemporaries argued that, when the hundreds of thousands of American soldiers came home wounded or sick after the Great War, the men needed to make good. The phrase “making good” meant that sacrifice in the war was not enough, and veterans had to become socially and economically independent, and return to heterosexual relationships. In an effort to return to normalcy, the US Army relied on rehabilitation, which aimed to medically and socially re-integrate the men into society.
The Evocative Effects Of Child Temperament On Parenting Stress And Behaviors, Laura Welch
The Evocative Effects Of Child Temperament On Parenting Stress And Behaviors, Laura Welch
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Despite recognition that parents contribute to child development, much remains to be clarified about ways child characteristics shape parents’ behaviors. For example, temperamental characteristics such as negative affectivity elicit more parenting stress (Oddi, Murdock, Vadnais, Bridgett, & Gartstein, 2013) and less effective parenting behaviors (Laukkanen, Ojansuu, Tolvanen, Alatupa, & Aunola, 2014). On the other hand, children’s effortful control is known to reduce psychological risks associated with negative affectivity (Gartstein, Putnam, & Rothbart, 2012) yet no studies have investigated whether this may consequently reduce parenting stress. Furthermore, stressed parents are more likely to engage in harsh parenting strategies (Martorell & Bugental, …
Patrons Of Violence : Drivers And Dimensions Of State Support For Rebel Groups, Nakissa Jahanbani
Patrons Of Violence : Drivers And Dimensions Of State Support For Rebel Groups, Nakissa Jahanbani
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Why do some states support rebel groups? This area of study has garnered more attention in the aftermath of the Cold War, as states continue to leverage proxy groups against one another. To understand the causes and consequences of state support, this dissertation builds on existing work in the state sponsorship, terrorism, and interstate rivalry literature. The research questions in this dissertation ask: (1) why states provides specific types of sponsorship; (2) what, if any, is the effect of interstate rivalry on the global network of state support; and (3) why are some Islamist rebel groups more violent than others. …
Protective Behavioral Strategies For Cannabis Use : Findings From A Web-Based Intervention, Rachel Rose Luba
Protective Behavioral Strategies For Cannabis Use : Findings From A Web-Based Intervention, Rachel Rose Luba
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Cannabis is one of the most commonly used psychoactive substances in the United States. Perceived risks of cannabis appear to be declining, while use rates continue to rise, especially for adolescents. Heavy, frequent cannabis use is associated with negative outcomes. Efforts have emerged to identify effective harm-reduction strategies, with a recent emphasis on protective behavioral strategies (PBS). PBS emphasize straightforward cognitive and behavioral strategies that can help cannabis users develop less heavy, more planful use of the plant. Previous findings suggest that PBS for marijuana (PBSM) are negatively associated with frequency of use, quantity of use, and cannabis-associated problems.
Crisis, Legitimation And Contention : China's Environmental Health And Safety Crises In Global Public Spheres, Haoyue Cecilia Li
Crisis, Legitimation And Contention : China's Environmental Health And Safety Crises In Global Public Spheres, Haoyue Cecilia Li
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
My project focuses on China’s environmental health and food safety crises to examine the changing interrelations among the Chinese state, media, civil society organizations and the international society. The debate on the environment-society relationship generates two conflicting theoretical explanations. While political economy theorists emphasize the non-compatible relationship between economic development and environmental improvement, the modernization theorists, especially in the traditions of risk society/reflexive modernity and of ecological modernization, contend that risks drive the changes of state-media-civil society relationship in a positive way towards a more compatible environment-society relationship. By investigating multiple cases, including the 2005 Songhua River Chemical Spill, the …
A Reinvestigation Of The Source Dilemma Hypothesis, Douglas Allan Kowalewski
A Reinvestigation Of The Source Dilemma Hypothesis, Douglas Allan Kowalewski
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
In a recent article, Bonin, Trainor, Belyk, and Andrews (2016) proposed a novel way in which basic processes of auditory perception may influence affective responses to music. According to their source dilemma hypothesis (SDH), the relative fluency of a particular
Three Essays On Model Selection, Fangning Li
Three Essays On Model Selection, Fangning Li
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
In empirical research, we often need to address the issue of what model to use given a collection of candidate models. Conventionally, we use model selection to choose one best model from the collection of candidate models based on some model selection criteria. Model averaging is a generalization of model selection in the sense that it assigns weights to candidate models and uses a weighted average to construct an aggregated model. Usually model averaging provides better performance than model selection which chooses a single candidate model based on AIC or BIC.
Does Common-Sense Communication And The Interpersonal Relationship Predict Oral Health Self-Management?, Kieran J. Maestro
Does Common-Sense Communication And The Interpersonal Relationship Predict Oral Health Self-Management?, Kieran J. Maestro
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This study sought to understand how patients’ perceptions of the nature and manner of communication with dental health professionals may impact their health self-management quality and habits in the context of preventable illness. Specifically, this study investigated the distinct and overlapping impacts of (a) communication based in the Common Sense Self-Regulation Model (CSM; Leventhal et al., 1980), and (b) the interpersonal relationship between the patient and the dental health professional provider on patients’ oral hygiene quality and habits. It was hypothesized that the interpersonal relationship would positively moderate a positive relation between CSM-based communication and patients' oral health self-management and …
When Life Gives You Diversity... : A History Of Racial Diversity And Conflict In Four Philadelphia Neighborhoods, 1960 - 2015, Jeaneé C. Miller
When Life Gives You Diversity... : A History Of Racial Diversity And Conflict In Four Philadelphia Neighborhoods, 1960 - 2015, Jeaneé C. Miller
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The U.S. population has changed significantly since the 1950s, becoming markedly more racially diverse. Still, a large portion of America’s neighborhoods remain racially segregated – even in large, racially diverse cities, such as Philadelphia (Logan & Stults, 2011). As a result, there is a well-established body of research that has shown that residential segregation consistently produces negative effects for neighborhoods (Massey & Denton, 1993). In response, many scholars and policymakers have suggested that the most promising response to inequality due to segregation is racial residential integration (Denton, 2010; Ellen, 2000; Galster, 1992; Roisman, 2008). However, social science research has produced …
Leveraging Big Data : Predicting Traffic Risk And Providing Early Warning Due To Adverse Weather Conditions, Sreekumar E. Nampoothiri
Leveraging Big Data : Predicting Traffic Risk And Providing Early Warning Due To Adverse Weather Conditions, Sreekumar E. Nampoothiri
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The proliferation of big data has allowed researchers to delve deeper into data and gain better understandings within almost every field. In the fields of transportation planning and traffic management, past research has shown direct relationships among weather conditions and traffic speed, volume, and congestion. However, these studies have mostly relied on static data that were spatially and temporally sparse or collected on a specific roadway for a specific time period for research purposes. With the need to address the impacts of climate change, including an increasing number of extreme weather events as well as an increasing intensity of such …
Essays On The Effects Of Public Health Insurance Policies On Health Care Utilization, Expenditure, And Well-Being, Tu Thi Cam Nguyen
Essays On The Effects Of Public Health Insurance Policies On Health Care Utilization, Expenditure, And Well-Being, Tu Thi Cam Nguyen
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This dissertation consists of essays on the causal impact of public health insurance policies in the United States. Three chapters investigate how Medicare program, Medicare Prescription coverage program, and the Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansion impact on health-related outcomes, health care expenditure, and food wellbeing.
Youth With Adhd : The Impact Of The Clinical Anxiety On Neuropsychological Functioning, Elisabeth Jeanne O'Rourke
Youth With Adhd : The Impact Of The Clinical Anxiety On Neuropsychological Functioning, Elisabeth Jeanne O'Rourke
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Children with ADHD demonstrate significant deficits in certain executive functions (EFs), including visual and verbal working memory, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, and sustained attention. Similar deficits have been observed in children with anxiety, however there is less evidence that inhibitory control is worse in these youth. More recently, research has examined the EF of children with comorbid ADHD and anxiety (ADHD + ANX). There is evidence that suggests that anxiety can play both a protective as well as harmful role for EF in these children. The current study sought to explore whether the performance of children with ADHD + ANX …
Developing A Clinician Self-Report Fidelity Measure For A Transdiagnostic, Evidence-Based Protocol At A Residential Eating Disorders Treatment Center, Jennifer M. Oswald
Developing A Clinician Self-Report Fidelity Measure For A Transdiagnostic, Evidence-Based Protocol At A Residential Eating Disorders Treatment Center, Jennifer M. Oswald
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Objective: Fidelity monitoring is a vital component of successful evidence-based practice implementation in routine treatment settings. However, resource-intensiveness and low clinician buy-in pose barriers to traditional observer-report monitoring, highlighting a need to explore the practical utility of self-report approaches. This study used a mixed-methods approach to (a) develop a self-report fidelity measure of a transdiagnostic evidence-based protocol in a residential eating disorders treatment center; (b) tailor the measure for optimal accuracy, acceptability, and ease of use; and (c) assess measure validity via convergence with observer ratings. Methods: N = 10 clinicians participated in cognitive interviewing to refine an initial draft …
The Moderating Role Of Personality On Person-Organization Fit And Turnover, Jane Park
The Moderating Role Of Personality On Person-Organization Fit And Turnover, Jane Park
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Two studies were conducted to investigate whether personality traits serve as boundary conditions of the person-organization fit and turnover relationship, and whether continuous commitment may help explain why personality moderates the relationship between person-organization fit and turnover. The first study examines the effect of extraversion, neuroticism, and conscientiousness on the relationship between person-organization fit and turnover. The sample consisted of 1,251 office managers at a large, national organization. The second study follows up on the first study and examines the same relationships. In addition, the second study includes the effect of continuous commitment on the relationship between person-organization fit and …
Asian American Social Inequalities In Health, Acohol Use Disorder, And Chronic Medical Conditions, Daejun Park
Asian American Social Inequalities In Health, Acohol Use Disorder, And Chronic Medical Conditions, Daejun Park
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Objectives: To determine latent subgroups of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs) and examine the associations between the subgroups, alcohol use disorder (AUD), and chronic medical conditions among AAPIs and whether risks for chronic medical conditions differ by a history of lifetime AUD. Method: The National Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions III (N = 36,309) provided by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) was utilized. Latent Class Analysis was used to examines the heterogeneity within response patterns to items that describe social inequality among AAPIs. Multinomial logistic regression and multiple logistic regressions were performed by adding …
Maximization In Moderation : Finding The Optimal Level Of Maximizing Tendency, Shannon Pierce
Maximization In Moderation : Finding The Optimal Level Of Maximizing Tendency, Shannon Pierce
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Maximizing tendency is a decision making style in which an individual keeps a high standard for decisions. Research has shown conflicting results regarding the nature of maximizing tendency and various subjective outcomes. Extant research has shown maximizing tendency to be linearly related, both negatively and positively, to depression, optimism, life satisfaction and decision regret. Although measurement issues have been routinely blamed for the inconsistencies in these findings, this study posits that maximizing tendency is curvilinearly related to the subjective outcomes of decision regret, optimism, and life satisfaction, based on the Too Much of a Good Thing effect. It was hypothesized …
Big, Black, And Strong : Does Identification With The Strong Black Woman Archetype Strengthen The Association Between Racism-Related Stress And Emotional Eating?, Shantel Lorraine Powell
Big, Black, And Strong : Does Identification With The Strong Black Woman Archetype Strengthen The Association Between Racism-Related Stress And Emotional Eating?, Shantel Lorraine Powell
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Despite extensive research on the adverse impact of racism-related stressors on the health and well-being of people of color (Broman, Mavaddat, & Hsu, 2000; Carter, 2007; Klonoff, Landrine, & Ullman, 1999; Noh & Kaspar, 2003; Pieterse, Carter, & Ray, 2013; Utsey & Payne, 2000), little is known about the influence of racism-related stressors on the eating behaviors of Black women. The present study extended the limited literature on this topic by examining the possible contribution of cultural attitudes associated with the Strong Black Women archetype on the relation between racism-related stressors and emotional eating behaviors.
SociolingüÍStica Urbana, SociolingüÍStica Rural : El Caso De La RegióN Del Cibao, RepúBlica Dominicana, Juanita M. Reyes
SociolingüÍStica Urbana, SociolingüÍStica Rural : El Caso De La RegióN Del Cibao, RepúBlica Dominicana, Juanita M. Reyes
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Resumen
The Aftermath : Perceptions Of Employment And Livelihood Among Former Crack Cocaine Dealers In Upstate New York, Charletta Latrice Robinson
The Aftermath : Perceptions Of Employment And Livelihood Among Former Crack Cocaine Dealers In Upstate New York, Charletta Latrice Robinson
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Starting in the 1980s, the crack cocaine epidemic disproportionately affected African American males. The justice system incarcerated thousands of African American males, often multiple times for selling crack cocaine during their adolescence and adult lives. On release from prison, this population often does not fit well with the environment to which they return, leading to subsequent incarceration. Using the ecological theory as a lens, this study concerns the goodness of fit between African American males incarcerated repeatedly for selling crack cocaine and the home environment within an Upstate New York community after their release. In this study, I explored the …
Improving Query Reformulation In Voice Search, Ning Sa
Improving Query Reformulation In Voice Search, Ning Sa
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Conversational search has been obtaining increasing attentions in the field of Information Retrieval (IR). However, compared with the other applications of dialogue systems, the studies on conversational search are far from being sufficient. Lot of work is needed from the input to the output of the conversational search process. On the other hand, with the improvement in the Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) technology, voice is now an optional input method in addition to text. Compared with the text-based queries, voice-based queries are found to be longer, and use richer language. The voice-based search is also found to be more flexible …
Therapy Expectations And Preferences, The Role Of Identity, And Help-Seeking Attitudes Among Racially Diverse College Students : A Qualitative Study, Adela Scharff
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Background. Racial/ethnic minority college students seek therapy at lower rates than their white peers (Hunt et al., 2015), and men seek therapy at lower rates than women (Morgan et al., 2003). Further research is needed to understand potential mechanisms of differential help-seeking. Current study. In order to explore help-seeking in college students, we assessed expectations and preferences for therapy, perceptions about the role of gender and race/ethnicity in therapy, and attitudes toward seeking mental healthcare. Method. We interviewed (N = 98) college students from racially diverse backgrounds about their perceptions, attitudes, and expectations for therapy and therapist selection. Interview results …
Allegories Of Neoliberalism : Contemporary South Asian Fictions, Forms Of Appearance, And The Critique Of Capitalism, Zayed Sarker Hasan Al
Allegories Of Neoliberalism : Contemporary South Asian Fictions, Forms Of Appearance, And The Critique Of Capitalism, Zayed Sarker Hasan Al
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
In his book After Critique, Mitchum Huehls writes that neoliberalism is “the socio-cultural dominant” of our contemporary moment. In this study, I ask: if neoliberalism is indeed the socio-cultural dominant today, how have contemporary South Asian fictions responded to it? Drawing upon Fredric Jameson’s hypothesis that all literary works are allegorical, I argue that in contemporary South Asian fictions, the representation of neoliberalism has often taken two different historical trajectories: apprehension of it as a structure of feeling, and critique of its corrosive effects on society and the planet. Drawing upon contemporary scholarship, I outline a Marxist theory of neoliberalism. …
Three Essays On International Economics, Rongzi Shan
Three Essays On International Economics, Rongzi Shan
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The first chapter examines the quantitative performance between two models of sovereign default, which we define as a government (sovereign) default on government bonds. The two models are the strategic default model and a model designed for rich countries in which default is due to inability to repay. We first examine the cyclicality of fiscal policy for sixteen emerging countries which have experienced default using a two-step GMM estimator, and found that the fiscal policy in these countries is counter cyclical. We choose Argentina as a reference economy, and compare the implications of both models for matching the data on …