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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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Articles 1 - 12 of 12
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Economics And Genocide: Choices And Consequences, Charles Anderton, Jurgen Brauer
Economics And Genocide: Choices And Consequences, Charles Anderton, Jurgen Brauer
Economics Department Working Papers
This paper provides an overview of genocide and international law concerning genocide.
Measuring Food Consumption And Production According To Resource Intensity: The Methodology Behind The Cereal Equivalent Approach, Kolleen Rask, Norman Rask
Measuring Food Consumption And Production According To Resource Intensity: The Methodology Behind The Cereal Equivalent Approach, Kolleen Rask, Norman Rask
Economics Department Working Papers
The production of food is one of humanity’s fundamental and most critical endeavors, yet our understanding of its impact on limited global resources is not well developed. Food production supplies a basic human need, provides important employment for millions of the world’s poor, and generates significant export income for some countries, while using up valuable foreign exchange reserves for others. On the demand side, as population grows, demand for food grows commensurately. Even more importantly, as incomes grow, the per capita demand for food grows, and studies have shown that diet changes related to rising incomes result in a five-fold …
Economics And Genocide: Choices And Consequences, Jurgen Brauer, Charles Anderton
Economics And Genocide: Choices And Consequences, Jurgen Brauer, Charles Anderton
Economics Department Working Papers
Professional economists rarely write on questions of genocide. This surprises because a workhorse tool of the economics discipline concerns the analysis of behavior that takes place under constraints. All parties in genocide—perpetrators, victims, and third parties—face cost and resource constraints subject to which they seek to achieve their objectives, be it killing, surviving, or intervening. This essay characterizes and illustrates economic thinking about objectives, costs, and resources for each of the three groups. There is potentially much that economics can contribute to genocide studies and, vice versa, much that genocide scholars may learn from welcoming an economic perspective.
The Social Evolution Of Terror And Genocide Across Time And Geographic Space: Perspectives From Evolutionary Game Theory, Charles Anderton
The Social Evolution Of Terror And Genocide Across Time And Geographic Space: Perspectives From Evolutionary Game Theory, Charles Anderton
Economics Department Working Papers
This article uses evolutionary game theory to reveal the interpersonal and geographic characteristics of a society that make it vulnerable to a conquest from within by terrorist organizations and genocide architects. Under conditions identified in the space-less version of the model, entrepreneurs of violence can create the social metamorphosis of a peaceful people group into one that supports or does not resist violence against an out-group. The model is extended into geographic space by analyzing interactions among peaceful and aggressive phenotypes in Moore and von Neumann neighborhoods. The model also reveals policy interventions in which the social evolution of aggression …
Life-Care Awards In The Age Of The Affordable Care Act, Joshua Congdon-Hohman, Victor Matheson
Life-Care Awards In The Age Of The Affordable Care Act, Joshua Congdon-Hohman, Victor Matheson
Economics Department Working Papers
Prior to January 1, 2014, it would have been reasonable to assume that persons injured in an act of negligence would be forced to pay for their future medical care costs out-of-pocket rather than being able to rely on health insurance. The passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) has the potential to radically change how victims pay for future medical expenses, and now nearly every tort award that provides money to the plaintiff for the full payment of medical costs without consideration of the availability of health insurance will serve to overcompensate victims for their expected medical costs. New …
Learning Tastes Through Social Interaction, Alice Hsiaw
Learning Tastes Through Social Interaction, Alice Hsiaw
Economics Department Working Papers
This paper offers an information-based model of social interaction, and analyzes optimal investment and pricing of services that facilitate interaction in a duopoly. Agents have uncertainty over their preferences but are aware that they are correlated with others’, so there exists an incentive to communicate with others in the population. When a firm’s good can be bundled with a coordination mechanism for its consumers, its value is endogenously determined due to a consumption externality. Although this mechanism increases total surplus, it is underprovided and consumer surplus decreases.
Nonmedical Prescription Drug Use: Theory And Policy Implications, Gabriele Camera, Bryan Engelhardt
Nonmedical Prescription Drug Use: Theory And Policy Implications, Gabriele Camera, Bryan Engelhardt
Economics Department Working Papers
The illicit nonmedical use of prescription drugs is studied in a model where individuals with imperfectly observable health conditions seek prescription drugs for either medical or nonmedical reasons. The equilibrium number of medical and nonmedical users is endogenous and depends on economic and non-economic barriers to drugs consumption, such as pricing, health care costs, refill policies, monitoring programs, and the medical community’s prescription standards. The results show policies centered around raising economic barriers reduces nonmedical use but inhibits medical use due to imperfect screening. Alternatively, the results suggest a national drug registry may be more effective at preventing nonmedical use.
The Value Of A Private Education: Differential Returns And Selection On Observables, Anil Nathan, Sovita Hean, Ryan Elliot
The Value Of A Private Education: Differential Returns And Selection On Observables, Anil Nathan, Sovita Hean, Ryan Elliot
Economics Department Working Papers
The academic value of a private education versus a public education is explored. This study first attempts to see whether there are differential returns to a private education based on ability level. It also intends to non-parametrically control for the selection on observables of the decision to attend private school. Using 8th graders from the National Educational Longitudinal Study of 1988, we find that the there is a positive effect on standardized math test scores using OLS. Based on quantile regression results, average students benefit most from a private education. Low-achieving and high-achieving students do not benefit as much. The …
Retirement Reversals And Health Insurance: The Potential Impact Of The Affordable Care Act, Joshua Congdon-Hohman
Retirement Reversals And Health Insurance: The Potential Impact Of The Affordable Care Act, Joshua Congdon-Hohman
Economics Department Working Papers
This paper uses the longitudinal aspect of the Health and Retirement Study to explore the characteristics associated with reversals in retirement (referred to here as "unretirement"). Through the use of survival time analysis, this paper shows that health insurance status and its source are signi cant predictors of unretirement decisions. The relationship is important as the potential impacts of the Affordable Care Act are considered. By comparing the role of health insurance provision to the impact of financial "shocks", the analysis finds that insurance is equally important as other financial explanations for retirement reversals. The analysis also shows that health …
Goal Setting And Energy Conservation, Matthew Harding, Alice Hsiaw
Goal Setting And Energy Conservation, Matthew Harding, Alice Hsiaw
Economics Department Working Papers
This paper develops a theoretical model of consumer demand for an energy conservation program that involves non-binding, self-set goals. We present evidence from a Northern Illinois goal-setting program, aimed at reducing residential electricity consumption, that is difficult to reconcile with standard preferences and is broadly consistent with a model of presentbiased consumers with reference-dependent preferences. We find that the need for commitment is correlated with program adoption, higher pre-adoption consumption, and lower responsiveness to goals. Consumers choosing realistic goals persistently save substantially more, achieving savings of nearly 11%, than those choosing very low or unrealistically high goals.
The Long-Term Game: An Analysis Of The Life Expectancy Of National Football League Players, Ruud Koning, Victor A. Matheson, Anil Nathan, James Pantano
The Long-Term Game: An Analysis Of The Life Expectancy Of National Football League Players, Ruud Koning, Victor A. Matheson, Anil Nathan, James Pantano
Economics Department Working Papers
The National Football League (NFL) has recently received significant negative media attention surrounding the safety of its players, revolving largely around the long term health risks of playing the sport. Recent premature deaths and instances of suicide associated with chronic traumatic encephalopathy and other football related injuries have brought the sport under increased scrutiny. By comparing mortality rates of the general population to mortality rates of players from the 1970 and 1994 NFL seasons, we test whether or not participation in football is significantly harmful to the longevity of the players. We conclude that, in total, players in the NFL …
Optimal Capital Taxation And Consumer Uncertainty, Ryan Chahrour, Justin Svec
Optimal Capital Taxation And Consumer Uncertainty, Ryan Chahrour, Justin Svec
Economics Department Working Papers
This paper analyzes the impact of consumer uncertainty on optimal fiscal policy in a model with capital. The consumers lack confidence about the probability model that characterizes the stochastic environment and so apply a max-min operator to their optimization problem. An altruistic fiscal authority does not face this Knightian uncertainty. We show analytically that, in responding to consumer uncertainty, the government no longer sets the expected capital tax rate exactly equal to zero, as is the case in the full-confidence benchmark model. Rather, our numerical results indicate that the government chooses to subsidize capital income, albeit at a modest rate. …