Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Political Science (24)
- Arts and Humanities (17)
- International and Area Studies (10)
- Slavic Languages and Societies (10)
- Leadership Studies (6)
-
- Economics (5)
- Psychology (5)
- Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration (5)
- Ethics and Political Philosophy (4)
- Philosophy (4)
- Political Theory (4)
- Indigenous, Indian, and Aboriginal Law (3)
- International Relations (3)
- Law (3)
- Other Psychology (3)
- Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies (3)
- African Studies (2)
- Business (2)
- Eastern European Studies (2)
- Health Policy (2)
- Labor Economics (2)
- Legal Studies (2)
- Legal Theory (2)
- Library and Information Science (2)
- Life Sciences (2)
- Social Welfare (2)
- Theory and Philosophy (2)
- Agricultural and Resource Economics (1)
- American Literature (1)
- Keyword
-
- Government (3)
- Africa (2)
- HIV/AIDS (2)
- Jr. (2)
- Leadership (2)
-
- Medicare (2)
- Native Americans (2)
- Poland (2)
- Privatization (2)
- Psychology (2)
- Teaching (2)
- US health care system (2)
- Vine Deloria (2)
- 1900-1999 (1)
- Adult development (1)
- Agriculture (1)
- Alasdair MacIntyre (1)
- American literature (1)
- American politics (1)
- Apartheid (1)
- Authority (1)
- Autonomy (1)
- Axis of evil (1)
- BBA (1)
- Balanced Budget Act of 1997 (1)
- Barbara Kingsolver (1)
- Belarus (1)
- Belarusian political parties (1)
- Belarusian politics (1)
- Bildungsroman (1)
- Publication
-
- Political Science Faculty Publications (15)
- Sociology and Anthropology Faculty Publications (10)
- Jepson School of Leadership Studies articles, book chapters and other publications (8)
- Psychology Faculty Publications (3)
- Economics Faculty Publications (2)
-
- Philosophy Faculty Publications (2)
- University Libraries Faculty and Staff Publications (2)
- English Faculty Publications (1)
- Finance Faculty Publications (1)
- History Faculty Publications (1)
- Latin American, Latino and Iberian Studies Faculty Publications (1)
- Management Faculty Publications (1)
- School of Professional and Continuing Studies Faculty Publications (1)
Articles 1 - 30 of 48
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
The Duty To Obey The Law, David Lefkowitz
The Duty To Obey The Law, David Lefkowitz
Philosophy Faculty Publications
Under what conditions, if any, do those the law addresses have a moral duty or obligation to obey it simply because it is the law? In this essay, I identify five general approaches to carrying out this task, and offer a somewhat detailed discussion of one or two examples of each approach. The approaches studied are: relational-role approaches that appeal to the fact that an agent occupies the role of member in the political community; attempts to ground the duty to obey the law in individual consent or fair play; natural duty approaches; instrumental approaches; and philosophical anarchism, an approach …
The State‐Led Transition To Liberal Capitalism: Neoliberal, Organizational, World‐Systems, And Social Structural Explanations Of Poland’S Economic Success, Lawrence P. King, Aleksandra Sznajder Lee
The State‐Led Transition To Liberal Capitalism: Neoliberal, Organizational, World‐Systems, And Social Structural Explanations Of Poland’S Economic Success, Lawrence P. King, Aleksandra Sznajder Lee
Political Science Faculty Publications
Neoliberals argue that rapid liberalization and privatization can transform postcommunist economies into Western-style capitalist systems. Organizational sociologists argue that these policies produce a unique variety of capitalism, while world-systems theorists argue that they lead to underdevelopment. This article advances a social structural alternative in a crucial case. Poland’s relative economic success resulted from prolonged state ownership and an interventionist state employing various industrial policy tools that facilitated efficiency-enhancing market-oriented restructuring before ushering in beneficial foreign direct investment. The resulting capitalist system closely resembles the typical pattern found in most late industrializers.
Pursuing Cost Containment In A Pluralistic Payer Environment: From The Aftermath Of Clinton’S Failure At Health Care Reform To The Balanced Budget Act Of 1997, Rick Mayes, Robert E. Hurley
Pursuing Cost Containment In A Pluralistic Payer Environment: From The Aftermath Of Clinton’S Failure At Health Care Reform To The Balanced Budget Act Of 1997, Rick Mayes, Robert E. Hurley
Political Science Faculty Publications
Following a decade in which Medicare operated as the leading ‘change agent’ within the US health care system, the private sector rose to the fore in the mid 1990s. The failure of President Clinton’s attempt at comprehensive, public sector-led reform left managed care as the solution for cost control. And for a period it worked, largely because managed care organizations were able to both squeeze payments to selective networks of medical providers and significantly reduce inpatient hospital stays. There was a lot of ‘fat’ in the nation’s convoluted health care system that could be (and was) eliminated through competitive negotiations …
Consumer Confidence Surveys: Can They Help Us Forecast Consumer Spending In Real Time?, Dean D. Croushore
Consumer Confidence Surveys: Can They Help Us Forecast Consumer Spending In Real Time?, Dean D. Croushore
Economics Faculty Publications
In 1993, the Philadelphia Fed undertook a project to develop a real-time data set for macroeconomists, who can use these data in many ways — for example, when analyzing indexes of consumer confidence. existing research indicates that consumer-confidence measures, though highly correlated with future spending, do not improve forecasts of future spending. but these studies used revised data that were not available to forecasters at the time they made their forecasts. In this article, Dean Croushore uses the real-time data set to investigate an important question: Does using data available to forecasters at the time — that is, real-time data …
Women And Welfare: The Politics Of Coping With New Social Risks In Chile And Uruguay, Jennifer Pribble
Women And Welfare: The Politics Of Coping With New Social Risks In Chile And Uruguay, Jennifer Pribble
Political Science Faculty Publications
Women make up a disproportionate share of the world’s poor, and Latin America is no exception to this trend. Nevertheless, very few studies of social policy in the region have investigated why the gendered character of welfare provision varies across countries. This article addresses that question through a comparative historical analysis of Chile and Uruguay and concludes that variation in the gendered nature of each state’s social policy regime resulted from a two-step process. In the first stage, female labor force participation, the mobilizing capacity of women, and policy legacies differentiated the two countries, placing Chile on a less equitable …
On Moral Arguments Against A Legal Right To Unilateral Humanitarian Intervention, David Lefkowitz
On Moral Arguments Against A Legal Right To Unilateral Humanitarian Intervention, David Lefkowitz
Philosophy Faculty Publications
As the international response to recent events in Darfur demonstrates, the restriction of authority to intervene to the United Nations poses the greater legal barrier to intervention. From a practical perspective, then, the more pressing question may be whether international law ought to be modified to permit states, or multi-state organizations, to carry out unilateral humanitarian interventions; that is, interventions that are not authorized by the United Nations. The issue here is essentially a moral one: would the incorporation of a right to unilateral humanitarian intervention entail a moral improvement to international law – for example, a decrease in the …
Republic Of Bulgaria, Jeffrey K. Hass
Republic Of Bulgaria, Jeffrey K. Hass
Sociology and Anthropology Faculty Publications
One of the more orthodox Communist countries in the Warsaw Pact, Bulgaria has slowly but surely made its way out of Socialist authoritarianism and is developing democracy and a market economy. Despite a sizable non-Bulgarian ethnic minority (especial Turks), the country has avoided the ethnic tensions that led to war in Russia (Chechnya) or the former Yugoslavia. The possibility of joining NATO and the European Union promises to bring Bulgaria closer to the West than ever in its history. Bulgaria's party politics were among the more stable in Eastern Europe until the arrival of a new mass movement, but Bulgaria …
Republic Of Estonia, Jeffrey K. Hass
Republic Of Estonia, Jeffrey K. Hass
Sociology and Anthropology Faculty Publications
Estonia is the northernmost of the three former Baltic republics of the Soviet Union, with a 2005 population of 1.32 million people. It is not a homogeneous country: While ethnic Estonians make up 67.5 percent of the overall population, Russians come in a strong second with 25.6 percent. Estonian is the official language, but Russian, Latvian, and Lithuanian are significant as well. Despite some ethnic issues, Estonia has enjoyed a relatively stable transition to democracy and a market economy. While political parties have yet to tap deep roots into society and some scandals have marred political life, Estonia is further …
Republic Of Belarus, Jeffrey K. Hass
Republic Of Belarus, Jeffrey K. Hass
Sociology and Anthropology Faculty Publications
A landlocked nation, Belarus is located in central-eastern Europe, with Poland and Russia on the western and eastern borders, Ukraine to the south, and Latvia and Lithuania to the north. The climate is between continental and maritime, with cold winters and cool summers. Much of the terrain is flat, and there are several square kilometers of marshland. Much of southern Belarus was contaminated by the Chernobyl nuclear accident in 1986; while Ukraine was host to the disaster, the radioactive fallout harmed Belarusian territory worse than Ukrainian land, contaminating more than 20 percent of Belarusian land and leading to, at one …
Russian Federation, Jeffrey K. Hass
Russian Federation, Jeffrey K. Hass
Sociology and Anthropology Faculty Publications
The Russian political system remains subject to sudden radical change--this has been the basic logic of its political history since 1985. Only by understanding the processes and logics of that recent history of change can one understand the present and the (possibly radically different) future.
In December 1991 Boris Yeltsin, president of the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic (the USSR's largest republic, known as RSFSR), joined Stanislav Shushkevich of Belarus and Leonid Kravchuk of Ukraine in dissolving the Soviet Union and replacing it with the ill-defined Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). The RSFSR was transformed into the Russian Federation, and …
Republic Of Latvia, Jeffrey K. Hass
Republic Of Latvia, Jeffrey K. Hass
Sociology and Anthropology Faculty Publications
On August 21, 1991, following the failed Soviet putsch, the Latvian Supreme Soviet declared Latvia independent of the Soviet Union, beginning the process of building democracy. Like its two Baltic neighbors, Lithuania and Estonia, Latvia has enjoyed a happier transition to democracy and capitalism than other former Eastern bloc or Soviet republics. While disputes over policy, territorial boundaries, economic policy, and definition of citizenship have been problematic and while Latvia's economy bottomed out in 1992 and 1993, the country has enjoyed relative political calm and recent economic growth.
While it may perhaps be early to talk about a stable, never-changing …
Republic Of Poland, Jeffrey K. Hass
Republic Of Poland, Jeffrey K. Hass
Sociology and Anthropology Faculty Publications
Located in east-central Europe, Poland comprises an area of nearly 313,000 square kilometers (about the size of New Mexico). Borders with Germany on the west and Belarus and Russia on the east give Poland notable geopolitical significance. In addition, its flat topography, with no defensible geographical features, has made Poland a prime area for conflict, as the country not only lies between historically powerful nations but also has served as an unwilling conduit for forces between Russia and Germany.
Republik Of Lithuania, Jeffrey K. Hass
Republik Of Lithuania, Jeffrey K. Hass
Sociology and Anthropology Faculty Publications
Formally Lithuania is a republic. The national government is composed of three branches-executive, legislative, and judiciary. Lithuania has a stronger presidency than the other Baltic countries and is referred to as a "presidential democracy" that has come to resemble the French system, where the president presides over policymaking and the parliament (Seimas) is weakened by divisions between several parties and factions; however, this strength may be illusory for institutional reasons.
Romania, Jeffrey K. Hass
Romania, Jeffrey K. Hass
Sociology and Anthropology Faculty Publications
Before 1989 Romania was among the most authoritarian regimes of those in the Socialist East Bloc. Nicolae Ceauçescu's secret police was among the most active, and the dictator ruled with impunity until the wave of popular revolutions that swept Eastern Europe in the autumn of 1989 reached Romania. An internal coup deposed Ceaçescu (whose body was shown on television after he was shot), but Romania did not move immediately to liberal politics as in Poland or Hungary. Democracy took time to develop, although success appears on the horizon after joining the North Atlantic Treat Organisation (NATO) in 2004 and possible …
Republic Of Hungary, Jeffrey K. Hass
Republic Of Hungary, Jeffrey K. Hass
Sociology and Anthropology Faculty Publications
Hungary has been one of the more promising countries of Eastern Europe to make the transition from a Communist polity and economy to democracy and market capitalism. While the transition has not been smooth--economic pain paved the way for the socialists to return to power, and complexities or snags in legislation and procedure have made political institutions run less than smoothly--Hungary still exhibits successful institution building. While political actors regularly fight and coalitions and splits have occurred, there is little threat of political instability, and Socialists have not tried to turn back the clock on democracy or the free market.
Ukraine, Jeffrey K. Hass
Ukraine, Jeffrey K. Hass
Sociology and Anthropology Faculty Publications
The independent nation of Ukraine was born on December 1, 1991, when Russia's Boris Yeltsin, Belarus's Stanislav Shushkevich, and Ukraine's Leonid Kravchuk agreed to disband the Soviet Union and create the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Since then, Ukraine's political history (much like its economic history) has been marked by the confusions, contradictions, and conflicts that go hand in hand with state building. Overshadowed on the world stage by its "bigger brother,'' Russia, Ukraine nevertheless has tried to forge its own path in terms of policies, political structure, political culture, and political identity.
The Ukrainian economy has been in a …
The Creative Intelligentsia And The Rise Of Official Russocentrism Under Stalin, David Brandenberger
The Creative Intelligentsia And The Rise Of Official Russocentrism Under Stalin, David Brandenberger
History Faculty Publications
In the mid-to-late 1930s, Soviet society witnessed a major ideological about-face as party propaganda and mass culture assumed an increasingly patriotic, Russo-centric orientation. Heroes, imagery, and legends from the Russian national past were deployed to bolster the legitimacy of the Soviet state and provide a complement to the reigning Marxist-Leninist ideology, then in a trend threatening to eclipse the stress on revolutionary class consciousness that had characterized the Soviet experiment for nearly two decades.
This shift away from proletarian internationalism toward Russo-centric etatism has been a source of considerable scholarly controversy. Some have linked this phenomenon to nationalist sympathies within …
Managing Digital Resources, Or, How Do You Hold Electrons In Your Hand?, Anna L. Creech
Managing Digital Resources, Or, How Do You Hold Electrons In Your Hand?, Anna L. Creech
University Libraries Faculty and Staff Publications
In the 1995 publication New Automation Technology for Acquisitions and Collection Development, Nancy Markle Stanley wrote a chapter entitled "Purchasing Electronic Resources: an Acquisitions Perspective"1 in which she outlines the challenges of managing electronic resources. I had to chuckle a bit when l read the book, because at the time of its publication, my undergraduate library was in the process of finally automating their catalog. The evolution of electronic resources in libraries has all of the characteristics of technological innovation. There are libraries with the funding and vision to be early adopters, and there are libraries on the tail …
Connecting With Aim: The Search For A Virtual Reference Niche, Lucretia Mcculley, Olivia Reinauer
Connecting With Aim: The Search For A Virtual Reference Niche, Lucretia Mcculley, Olivia Reinauer
University Libraries Faculty and Staff Publications
Launching virtual chat reference services at Boatwright Library at the University of Richmond has been an interesting challenge of “trial and error” over the years. After trying several different software programs and staffing options, librarians have finally found a niche with AOL’s Instant Messenger service. The first section of the article describes a path of experimentation, including early collaborations with the computing services help desk, staffing patterns within the library, technical and financial challenges with virtual reference software, and attempts to get students to use reference chat services. The second half of the case study will describe the great success …
No Quick Fix: Foreign Aid And State Performance In Yemen, Sheila Carapico
No Quick Fix: Foreign Aid And State Performance In Yemen, Sheila Carapico
Political Science Faculty Publications
few of the world's poorest countries better exemplify American interests in government performance than Yemen. Long overshadowed by its oilrich Persian Gulf neighbors, Yemen gained attention as both an occasional target and a natural haven for militant regional paramilitary groups (including but not limited to al Qaeda). Headlines were made at a time when development analysts were already worried about ecological and economic stresses exacerbated by the strains of structural adjustment and critical water scarcity. In view of these circumstances, analysts began wondering if Yemen is an example of the combustible mix of poor governance and economic stagnation that could …
Hiv/Aids In Africa, Sandra F. Joireman
Hiv/Aids In Africa, Sandra F. Joireman
Political Science Faculty Publications
The response of the United States to the HIV/AIDS pandemic in Africa is an example of the redefined nature of security threats that characterizes the post-September 11 period. Even the most ardent realists now accept that serious threats exist to US security apart from those brewing in organized states. Scholars and governments have been forced to adopt a greater sensitivity to the issues that underlie international violence and terrorism, such as a lack of political freedom, state failure, poverty, and HIV/AIDS, the topic addressed in this chapter as an indirect threat to US security interests in Africa.1
Teaching The Ethical Foundations Of Economics: The Principles Course, Jonathan B. Wight
Teaching The Ethical Foundations Of Economics: The Principles Course, Jonathan B. Wight
Economics Faculty Publications
When we analyze the source of humor, one ingredient is surely incongruity, the juxtaposition of opposites. So when Tom Lehrer, the consummate Harvard mathematician, openly calls for plagiarism, this is funny because it is exactly the opposite of what we expect - it is absurd. And yet, from the viewpoint of modern economics, is plagiarism really so absurd? We teach our students to maximize short-term profits (in a moral vacuum). We drill them that producers minimize private costs of production (without reference to ethical codes of conduct). We expect economic agents to operate with atomistic selfishness, assuring them that this …
Non-Competition Agreements And Research Productivity In The Biotechnology Industry, Porcher L. Taylor Iii, Joseph E. Coombs
Non-Competition Agreements And Research Productivity In The Biotechnology Industry, Porcher L. Taylor Iii, Joseph E. Coombs
School of Professional and Continuing Studies Faculty Publications
This paper examines the impact of the state-level legal structure, namely the legal support for non-competition agreements, on research productivity. Specifically, we study how California’s unique lack of non-competition agreement laws influences product develop when controlling for local munificence and firm-level technological capability. Our results indicate that California’s unique legal structure is negatively associated with research productivity as measured by the number of products in development at the time a biotechnology firm goes public. Further, firm size moderates this relationship such that the effect is stronger for smaller biotechnology firms.
The Missing Person In The Conversation: Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr., And The Dialogical Self, David E. Leary
The Missing Person In The Conversation: Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr., And The Dialogical Self, David E. Leary
Psychology Faculty Publications
Wiley (2006) has argued for a relationship between pragmatism and the dialogical self, noting that both are rooted in the thought of William James and Charles S. Peirce. This commentary delves into the possible connection between James’s and Peirce’s ideas as well as the probable influence of Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr., on the development of dialogical conceptions of the self.
Psychology, David E. Leary
Psychology, David E. Leary
Psychology Faculty Publications
Psychology, in a general sense, is age-old, extending back across all cultures to the beginnings of recorded time. The healing arts of ancient doctors and the conceptual musings of ancient sages often pointed toward factors that would be considered psychological today. Nevertheless, psychology in its specifically modern sense dates from the second half of the nineteenth century, when a self-consciously scientific, academic, professional discipline took shape in Europe and North America. This multiplex discipline grew and flourished in particular in the United States, where more than forty experimental laboratories, associated programs of research and study, and institutionalized means of communication, …
Contemplating Context, J. Thomas Wren, Elizabeth Faier
Contemplating Context, J. Thomas Wren, Elizabeth Faier
Jepson School of Leadership Studies articles, book chapters and other publications
In the following dialogue, historian J. Thomas Wren and anthropologist Elizabeth Faier, both original members of the General Theory of Leadership group convened in 2001, embark on a journey to 'contemplate context' within a general theory of leadership. As discussed in Chapter 1 of this volume, initial discussions within the general theory group exposed rather deep rifts concerning the importance and role of context in the leadership relation. These early debates inspired Wren and Faier to sit down and reflect more thoroughly on the troubling issues of the role of context. As the ensuing exchange makes clear, the two have …
Exploring Group Behavior, Donelson R. Forsyth
Exploring Group Behavior, Donelson R. Forsyth
Jepson School of Leadership Studies articles, book chapters and other publications
When I migrated from the world of constructions and took a position as a college professor and social psychologist, I found myself on the right side of the "good work if you can get it" divide. Granted, professoring is still work. There are politics of the office, bosses who make demands, and duties that must be fulfilled. Nor is it a glamorous occupation, as Hollywood's depictions of Indiana Jones-like professorial types would suggest. But depending on one's goals and perspectives, it is a personally fulfilling pursuit. It is an elite profession that requires special training and skill, and for much …
The Evolution Of The Common Law: Legal Development In Kenya And India, Sandra F. Joireman
The Evolution Of The Common Law: Legal Development In Kenya And India, Sandra F. Joireman
Political Science Faculty Publications
Recent cross-national studies of the institutional prerequisites of economic growth have identified common law systems as superior to those of civil law. The assumption is that all common law systems share a similarity of structure and law which creates an environment facilitating investment and contract enforcement. Yet, due to its evolutionary nature, common law is not everywhere the same, nor is the historical development of the common law similar in all countries. This paper makes this point by examining the political development of common law in India and Kenya, in order to compare their legal institutions and histories. Both of …
Freedom And Rights, Richard Dagger
Freedom And Rights, Richard Dagger
Political Science Faculty Publications
Liberalism, of course, is quite a capacious theory, with room for liberals to debate quite vigorously among themselves, as well as with others, the meaning and significance of freedom, rights and other concepts. It is also capacious enough to allow for a rethinking of these concepts at a time of pressing environmental problems. Such a rethmking, I shall argue, should lead us to conceive of freedom and rights less as barriers or shields that protect individuals against interference - as forms of independence - and more as matters of organic growth and connection, or interdependence. Indeed, we must conceive …
Overcoming Apartheid: Can Truth Reconcile A Divided Nation? (Book Review), Sandra F. Joireman
Overcoming Apartheid: Can Truth Reconcile A Divided Nation? (Book Review), Sandra F. Joireman
Political Science Faculty Publications
Anyone engaged in conflict resolution, whether interpersonal or international, would agree that the process must begin with truth telling. But can truth telling be more than a beginning? Can it create a political environment hospitable to both perpetrator and victim?