Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Databrarianship: The Academic Data Librarian In Theory And Practice, Darren Sweeper

Sprague Library Scholarship and Creative Works

No abstract provided.

From Land Grab To Agrarian Transition? Hybrid Trajectories Of Accumulation And Environmental Change On The Cambodia–Vietnam Border, Timothy Gorman, Alice Beban

Department of Sociology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

In recent years, thousands of Vietnamese migrant farmers have crossed the border into Cambodia and leased land for export-oriented rice and shrimp production. Based on case studies in two Cambodian border provinces, we argue that these land transfers represent an intersection of broader processes of agrarian change that is re-shaping the Cambodian borderlands into a hybrid socio-ecological zone. Cambodian landlords and intermediaries use unequal access to politico-legal authority and the exclusionary power of the border to leverage control over their migrant tenants, thereby capturing a significant portion of the surplus from the migrants’ high-value commodity production systems and potentially creating …

A Note On Social Welfare Orders Satisfying Pigou-Dalton Transfer Principle, Ram Dubey

Department of Economics Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

This paper studies the constructive nature of social welfare orders on infinite utility streams defined on X = Yℕ, satisfying the Pigou-Dalton transfer principle (PD), which are known to be representable (see Alcantud (2010) and Sakamoto (2012)). We describe the restrictions on domain Y for explicit representation or construction of the social welfare orders satisfying (i) PD and monotonicity; or (ii) PD only. We show that the restrictions on Y for either (a) construction; or (b) explicit representation of the social welfare orders are identical in both cases.

Perceptions Of Peer Sexual Behavior: Do Adolescents Believe In A Sexual Double Standard?, Michael Young, Susan Cardenas, Joseph Donnelly, Mark J. Kittleson

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

BACKGROUND

The purpose of the study was to (1) examine attitudes of adolescents toward peer models having sex or choosing abstinence, and (2) determine whether a “double standard” in perception existed concerning adolescent abstinence and sexual behavior.

METHODS

Adolescents (N = 173) completed questionnaires that included 1 of 6 randomly assigned vignettes that described male and female peer models 3 ways: (1) no information about model's sexual behavior, (2) model in love but choosing abstinence, and (3) model in love and having sex. Participants read the vignette to which they had been assigned and responded to statements about the peer …

Can School Counselors Deliver Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment For Social Anxiety Effectively? A Randomized Controlled Trial, Carrie Masia, Daniela Colognori, Chad Brice, Kathleen Herzig, Laura Mufson, Chelsea Lynch, Philip T. Reiss, Eva Petkova, Jeremy K Fox, Dominic C. Moceri, Julie Ryan, Rachel G. Klein

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Background: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) typically onsets in adolescence and is associated with multiple impairments. Despite promising clinical interventions, most socially anxious adolescents remain untreated. To address this clinical neglect, we developed a school-based, 12-week group intervention for youth with SAD, Skills for Academic and Social Success (SASS). When implemented by psychologists, SASS has been found effective. To promote dissemination and optimize treatment access, we tested whether school counselors could be effective treatment providers. Method: We randomized 138, ninth through 11th graders with SAD to one of three conditions: (a) SASS delivered by school counselors (C-SASS), (b) SASS delivered by …

Many Labs 3: Evaluating Participant Pool Quality Across The Academic Semester Via Replication, Charles R. Ebersole, Olivia E. Atherton, Aimee L. Belanger, Hayley M. Skulborstad, Jill M. Allen, Jonathan B. Banks, Erica Baranski, Michael J. Bernstein, Diane B.V. Bonfiglio, Leanne Boucher, Elizabeth R. Brown, Nancy I. Budiman, Athena H. Cairo, Colin A. Capaldi, Christopher R. Chartier, Joanne M. Chung, David C. Cicero, Jennifer A. Coleman, John G. Conway, William E. Davis, Thierry Devos, Melody M. Fletcher, Komi German, Jon E. Grahe, Anthony D. Hermann, Joshua A. Hicks, Nathan Honeycutt, Brandon Humphrey, Matthew Janus, David J. Johnson, John Paul Wilson

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

The university participant pool is a key resource for behavioral research, and data quality is believed to vary over the course of the academic semester. This crowdsourced project examined time of semester variation in 10 known effects, 10 individual differences, and 3 data quality indicators over the course of the academic semester in 20 participant pools (N = 2696) and with an online sample (N = 737). Weak time of semester effects were observed on data quality indicators, participant sex, and a few individual differences—conscientiousness, mood, and stress. However, there was little evidence for time of semester qualifying experimental or …

The Contributions Of Handedness And Working Memory To Episodic Memory, Aparna Sahu, Stephen D. Christman, Ruth Propper

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Past studies have independently shown associations of working memory and degree of handedness with episodic memory retrieval. The current study takes a step ahead by examining whether handedness and working memory independently predict episodic memory. In agreement with past studies, there was an inconsistent-handed advantage for episodic memory; however, this advantage was absent for working memory tasks. Furthermore, regression analyses showed handedness, and complex working memory predicted episodic memory performance at different times. Results are discussed in light of theories of episodic memory and hemispheric interaction.

On Construction Of Social Welfare Orders Satisfying Hammond Equity And Weak Pareto Axioms, Ram Dubey

Department of Economics Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

This paper examines the constructive nature of a social welfare order that respects Hammond equity axiom and Weak Pareto axiom. It describes the domains (of the one period utilities) on which an explicit construction is possible. A social welfare order satisfying the Hammond equity and Weak Pareto admits an explicit construction if and only if the domain is a well-ordered set.

Discriminative Stimulus Properties Of 1.25 Mg/Kg Clozapine In Rats: Mediation By Serotonin 5-Ht2 And Dopamine D4 Receptors, Adam J. Prus, Laura E. Wise, Alan Pehrson, Scott D. Philibin, Benny Bang-Andersen, Jørn Arnt, Joseph H. Porter

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

The atypical antipsychotic drug clozapine remains one of most effective treatments for schizophrenia, given a lack of extrapyramidal side effects, improvements in negative symptoms, cognitive impairment, and in symptoms in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. The adverse effects of clozapine, including agranulocytosis, make finding a safe clozapine-like a drug a goal for drug developers. The drug discrimination paradigm is a model of interoceptive stimulus that has been used in an effort to screen experimental drugs for clozapine-like atypical antipsychotic effects. The present study was conducted to elucidate the receptor-mediated stimulus properties that form this clozapine discriminative cue by testing selective receptor ligands in …

People Use Psychological Cues To Detect Physical Disease From Faces, Konstantin O. Tskhay, John Paul Wilson, Nicholas O. Rule

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Previous theoretical work has suggested that people can accurately perceive disease from others’ appearances and behaviors. However, much of that research has examined diseases with relatively obvious symptoms (e.g., scars, obesity, blemishes, sneezing). Here, we examined whether people similarly detect diseases that do not exhibit such visible physical cues (i.e., sexually transmitted diseases). We found that people could indeed identify individuals infected with sexually transmitted diseases significantly better than chance from photos of their faces. Perceptions of the targets’ affective expression and socioeconomic status mediated participants’ accuracy. Finally, increasing participants’ contamination fears improved their sensitivity to disease cues. These data …

The Alabama Way: Independent Courts And Policymaking In Alabama, Ian Drake

Department of Political Science and Law Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Rather, it was the product of a conscious policy choice by early nineteenth century jurists to "overthrow" an equitable theory of contract, wherein a good was thought to have an objective value, which courts could determine, independent of the value placed on it by the parties to the contract. [...] historians like Horwitz have interpreted the "buyer beware" rule as a "procommercial [sic] attack"-a conscious judicial policy choice to favor sellers over buyers-upon communal values, which essentially separated law from morals and created a harsher, more speculative, more individualistic, and combative marketplace

The Nonexceptionalism Thesis: How Post-9/11 Criminal Justice Measures Fit In Broader Criminal Justice, Francesca Laguardia

Department of Justice Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Contrary to the assumption that ‘‘9/11 changed everything,’’ post-2001 criminal justice practices in the area of terrorism show a surprising consistency with pre-2001 criminal justice practices. This article relies on an analysis of over 300 terrorism prosecutions between 2001 and 2010, as well as twenty full trial transcripts, content-coding, and traditional legal analysis, to show the continuity of criminal justice over this time in regard to some of the most controversial supposed developments. This continuity belies the common assumption that current extreme policies and limitations on the due process are a panicked response to the terror attacks of 2001. On …

The Nonexceptionalism Thesis: How Post-9/11 Criminal Justice Measures Fit In Broader Criminal Justice, Francesca Laguardia

Department of Justice Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Contrary to the assumption that ‘‘9/11 changed everything,’’ post-2001 criminal justice practices in the area of terrorism show a surprising consistency with pre-2001 criminal justice practices. This article relies on an analysis of over 300 terrorism prosecutions between 2001 and 2010, as well as twenty full trial transcripts, content coding, and traditional legal analysis, to show the continuity of criminal justice over this time in regard to some of the most controversial supposed developments. This continuity belies the common assumption that current extreme policies and limitations on due process are a panicked response to the terror attacks of 2001. To …

Data Visualizations And Infographics, Darren Sweeper

Sprague Library Scholarship and Creative Works

No abstract provided.

‘Because I Don’T Know’: Uncertainty And Ambiguity In Closed-Ended Reports Of Perceived Discrimination In Us Health Care, Chih-Yuan Lee, Amy Irby-Shasanmi

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Objective

Surveys often ask respondents to assess discrimination in health care. Yet, patients’ responses to one type of widely used measure of discrimination (single-item, personally mediated) tend to reveal prevalence rates lower than observational studies would suggest. This study examines the meaning behind respondents’ closed-ended self-reports on this specific type of measure, paying special attention to the frameworks and references used within the medical setting.

Design

Twenty-nine respondents participated in this study. They were asked the widely used question: ‘Within the past 12 months when seeking health care do you feel your experiences were worse than, the same as, or …

Young People’S Perceptions Of Advice About Sexual Risk Taking, Christopher Donoghue, Consuelo Bonillas, Jennifer Moreno, Melissa Cheung

Department of Sociology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Sexual and reproductive health indicators for young people in the USA have improved in recent decades, but teenage pregnancies remain high, and large differences between Whites and non-Whites persist in teenage births, abortions, and the acquisition of sexually transmitted infections. Prior research shows that young people are receptive to communication about sex from parents and friends, but peers have been found to be more influential on sexual risk taking. In this study of 617 young people aged 13–20 years in high-risk neighbourhoods for teenage pregnancy in New Jersey, we asked whether sexually inexperienced young people differed from sexually experienced young …

Opportunity Role Structure, Social Support, And Leadership: Processes Of Foster Youth Advisory Board Participation, Bradley Forenza

Department of Social Work and Child Advocacy Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Youth aging out of foster care constitute a vulnerable and understudied population. In spite of evidence that suggests civic participation may be an empowering, developmental process for youth in the general population, few community psychology studies have investigated civic participation among youth aging out of state systems. This qualitative study used in-depth interviewing with foster Youth Advisory Board leaders as the primary means to explore this intersection. Triangulated data collection also included (a) descriptive survey research with youth leaders, (b) in-depth interviewing and descriptive research with civic youth workers/adult coordinators, and (c) nonparticipant observation of Youth Advisory Board meetings. Directed …

Mother–Daughter Relationship Quality And Body Image In Preadolescent Girls, Jane Ellen Smith, Sarah J. Erickson, Julia L. Austin, Jaime L. Winn, Denise N. Lash, Paul Amrhein

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Research suggests that mothers may play a role in girls’ body image development. The “interactive” hypothesis specifies that qualities of the mother–daughter relationship, as opposed to maternal modeling alone, predict daughter’s body image. We sought to understand how maternal relationship quality, from the perception of both daughters and mothers, was associated with preadolescent girls’ body image. The relationship between mother–daughter relationship quality and daughters’ body image was examined in 152 girls (ages 8–12) and their mothers. Mothers and daughters primarily identified as non-Hispanic white or Hispanic. Hierarchical linear regression analyses indicated that daughters’ perception of mother–daughter relationship quality was associated …

Task- And Treatment Length–Dependent Effects Of Vortioxetine On Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction And Hippocampal Extracellular Acetylcholine In Rats, Alan Pehrson, Todd M. Hillhouse, Nasser Haddjeri, Renaud Rovera, Joseph H. Porter, Arne Mørk, Gennady Smagin, Dekun Song, David Budac, Manuel Cajina, Connie Sanchez

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric disorder that often features impairments in cognitive function, and these cognitive symptoms can be important determinants of functional ability. Vortioxetine is a multimodal antidepressant that may improve some aspects of cognitive function in patients with MDD, including attention, processing speed, executive function, and memory. However, the cause of these effects is unclear, and there are several competing theories on the underlying mechanism, notably including regionally-selective downstream enhancement of glutamate neurotransmission and increased acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmission. The current work sought to evaluate the ACh hypothesis by examining vortioxetine's ability to reverse scopolamine-induced impairments …

Understanding How Family Science Interns Conceptualize Social Justice, Pauline Garcia-Reid, Bradley Van Eeden-Moorefield, Bradley Forenza, Robert Reid, Caitlin Eckert, David T. Lardier

Department of Family Science and Human Development Scholarship and Creative Works

This study examined the connection between social justice and internships in Human Development and Family Science. In particular, the study sought to provide additional clarity to current conceptualizations of social justice by adding the voices of undergraduate family science students. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 20 family science students who completed an internship that was part of a federally funded HIV/substance abuse prevention initiative. The initiative took place in an economically disadvantaged city in the northeast. Eleven themes emerged from the data and were organized according to the sensitizing concepts of (i) conceptions of social justice; (ii) exposure to …

University Rankings: Evidence And A Conceptual Framework, Jonathan G.S. Koppell, Jacob Fowles, H. George Frederickson

Publications from President Jonathan G.S. Koppell

University ranking has high public visibility, the ranking business has flourished, and institutions of higher education have not been able to ignore it. This study of university ranking presents general considerations of ranking and institutional responses to it, particularly considering reactions to ranking, ranking as a self-fulfilling prophecy, and ranking as a means of transforming qualities into quantities. The authors present a conceptual framework of university ranking based on three propositions and carry out a descriptive statistical analysis of U.S. and international ranking data to evaluate those propositions. The first proposition of university ranking is that ranking systems are demarcated …

Mapping Concentrations Of Posttraumatic Stress And Depression Trajectories Following Hurricane Ike, Oliver Gruebner, Sarah R. Lowe, Melissa Tracy, Spruha Joshi, Magdalena Cerdá, Fran H. Norris, S V. Subramanian, Sandro Galea

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

We investigated geographic concentration in elevated risk for a range of postdisaster trajectories of chronic posttraumatic stress symptom (PTSS) and depression symptoms in a longitudinal study (N = 561) of a Hurricane Ike affected population in Galveston and Chambers counties, TX. Using an unadjusted spatial scan statistic, we detected clusters of elevated risk of PTSS trajectories, but not depression trajectories, on Galveston Island. We then tested for predictors of membership in each trajectory of PTSS and depression (e.g., demographic variables, trauma exposure, social support), not taking the geographic nature of the data into account. After adjusting for significant predictors in …

Assessing The Utility Of A Toolkit For Modifying Evidence-Based Practice To Increase Cultural Competence: A Comparative Case Study, Wendy Zeitlin, Deborah Altschul, Judith Samuels

Department of Social Work and Child Advocacy Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

The United States is an increasingly diverse nation, and there is a need to consider culturally modifying interventions to better serve clients. In this study, the Toolkit for Modifying Evidence-Based Practices to Increase Cultural Competence was used to culturally modify evidence-based practices (EPBs) in two agencies. Research questions addressed whether the Toolkit model could be implemented as written with no additional guidance and whether administrators believed the culturally modified interventions would benefit clients. Both agencies found the Toolkit worthwhile. Working groups at both sites were able to successfully complete modification projects by culturally modifying and implementing an EBP.

Children's Anxious Reactions To An Invasive Medical Procedure: The Role Of Medical And Non-Medical Fears, Jeremy K Fox, Leslie F. Halpern, Barbara C. Dangman, Karla M. Giramonti, Barry A. Kogan

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

This study investigated the relationship of medical and non-medical fears to children's anxiety, pain, and distress during an invasive medical procedure, the voiding cystourethrogram. Parents of 34 children completed the Fear Survey Schedule-II prior to their child's procedure. Child distress behaviors during the procedure were audiotaped and coded using the Child-Adult Medical Procedure Interaction Scale-Revised. Ratings of child procedural anxiety and pain were obtained from children, parents, and examining technologists within minutes following the procedure. Associations were observed between medical fears, procedural anxiety (parent and staff reports), and coded distress behaviors. Findings may inform preparation efforts to reduce anxiety around …

Of Migrants And Middlemen: Cultivating Access And Challenging Exclusion Along The Vietnam–Cambodia Border, Timothy Gorman, Alice Beban

Department of Sociology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

In a possible sign of a new trend in Southeast Asia, economic pressures are driving smallholder shrimp farmers from Vietnam's Mekong Delta across the Cambodian border in search of new land. Building from ethnographic research with Vietnamese shrimp farmers in Kampot province, Cambodia, this paper explores the structures, mechanisms, and relations that facilitate and impede the ability of Vietnamese migrants to gain and maintain access to land in Cambodia. The Vietnamese migrants in our study bring capital and farming skills, but their ambiguous legal status and their lack of social networks and experience with the terms of access in Cambodia …

#Warcrimes #Postconflictjustice #Balkans: Youth, Performance Activism And The Politics Of Memory, Arnaud Kurze

Department of Justice Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

While literature in transitional justice has addressed conventional retributive and restorative justice mechanisms, scholarship focusing on the rise in youth activism to confront war crimes is underdeveloped. This article draws on over two-dozen in-depth interviews with youth activist leaders across the former Yugoslavia, focusing on their performance-based campaigns. I explain why the emergence of transitional justice youth activism in the Balkans falls short of the significant institutional reforms of earlier youth movement mobilizations in the region. I also throw light on why their performance activism is distinct from practices of older, established human rights organizations in the region. Notwithstanding, I …

Catching The Drift: Carol A. Fowler On Phonetic Variation And Imitation, Jennifer Pardo

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

In Carol Fowler's Direct Realist account of speech perception, linguistically significant gestures of the vocal tract are a common currency for both speech perception and production. A straightforward prediction of this account is that listeners will produce what they perceive, leading to imitation or gestural drift. Many studies by Fowler and colleagues have established gestural imitation across acoustic, perceptual, and articulatory measures and provided a valuable framework for understanding phonetic form variation and imitation. As such, this framework's enduring legacy will continue to enrich an understanding of phonetic form variation in spoken communication. This article reviews Fowler's pioneering work on …

Technology And Opportunity: People With Serious Mental Illness And Social Connection, Lisa Townsend, Allison Zippay, Kyle Caler, Bradley Forenza

Department of Social Work and Child Advocacy Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Objective: Little information exists regarding how individuals with serious mental illness use technology and whether this usage facilitates social connections. This study contributes to filling this knowledge gap by examining ways in which a sample of persons with serious mental illness use cell phones and the Internet. Methods: Interviews with 50 consumers living in supported housing were asked about their use of cell phones and computers and their perceptions of social connections. Results: Cell phones and computers allowed greater linkage with social, medical, mental health, and employment resources. Nearly all obtained phones through publicly funded programs. “Running out of minutes” …

Optimizing Conservation Policy: The Importance Of Seasonal Variation In Hunting And Meat Consumption On The Masoala Peninsula Of Madagascar, Cortni Borgerson

Department of Anthropology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Studying seasonal hunting patterns can be critical for developing sound actions for conservation and public health. As availability of funds to implement conservation policy is limited, it is essential to focus efforts during the most critical times of year. During July 2011-June 2012 I recorded direct observations of hunting of forest mammals, and conducted daily 24-hour recall surveys (2 weeks per month over 11 months: August 2011-June 2012), and interviews of all households in a focal village on the Masoala Peninsula of Madagascar to investigate (1) what drives seasonal hunting patterns and (2) how seasonal variation in consumption of wildlife …

An Rct To Treat Learning Impairment In Traumatic Brain Injury, Nancy D. Chiaravalloti, Joshua Sandry, Nancy B. Moore, John Deluca

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Objective. To examine the efficacy of the modified Story Memory Technique (mSMT) to improve learning (ie, acquisition) and memory in participants with TBI. The mSMT is a behavioral intervention that teaches context and imagery to facilitate learning within 10 sessions over 5 weeks. Methods. A total of 69 participants with moderate-severe Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), 35 in the treatment group and 34 in the placebo control group, completed this double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. A baseline neuropsychological assessment was administered, including questionnaires assessing everyday memory. Repeat assessments were conducted immediately posttreatment and 6 months following treatment. Participants in the treatment …