Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

The Effects Of Fatigue And Shift Work On Visual Search And Object Tracking Tasks In Tsa Officers And Air Traffic Controllers, Margaret Colwell

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No abstract provided.

Armed And Unarmed Drone Perception In Conflict Zones, Nazish Chunara

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Regions across the globe that are impacted by conflict are often the recipients of both armed and unarmed drones. These dual-use systems blur the boundary between military and civilian objectives. The goal of this literature review is to understand the scope of research conducted in conflict zones from the perspective of the civilian. Civilian includes resident, visitor, and worker. A gap in the available literature has been identified within the context of dual-use systems, conflict zones, and the civilian perspective.

Mental Health Aviation Students, Keren Natha, Priyangaa Rajendran, Sundareswar Selvaganesan

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According to a study done by the American College Health Association, 24% of students in 2021 met the criteria for severe psychological distress and 51% of students met the criteria for moderate psychological distress. University can take a toll on students and cause mental health challenges. Aviation students are of no exception. The mental health challenges, if not dealt with properly, can further deteriorate and cause issues such as depression. This could risk students’ career, and could be a threat to not only their safety, but the safety of potential passengers and other individuals. Thus, this study will allow better …

Directional Speaker Poster, Eugene Ng, Bryan Wong, Ruhaan Das

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Changi Airport is set to expand with a new terminal, Terminal 5. Currently, many of the airport's processes are manual, requiring a high dependence on staff. This proposal aims to incorporate automation and AI for a smoother passenger experience.

Integrated Dynamic Airline Route And Schedule Optimization, Bayan Begaliyeva

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By harnessing real-time and historical data in conjunction with advanced AI technologies, this project revolutionizes route and schedule planning, leading to enhanced efficiency, cost reduction, and an improved passenger experience.

Communication: Memorials: An Exhibit For The Communication Technology Behind A Range Of Memorials, Bradley Finnigan

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When memorials and monuments are visited, they are often viewed as a place to reflect or pay respects. What is likely often overlooked are the messages behind these memorials, intentionally molded into memorials by their designers. This exhibit highlights 11 memorials and monuments worldwide and showcases how they communicate complex messages through unconventional means. It encourages visitors to consider the thought that went into designing the memorial and offers a different perspective on how a message can be conveyed without the use of printed text. The included curatorial statement speaks more to these points.

Regional Airlines, Benjamin Jones Jr.

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The airline industry plays a major role in the United States. Many passengers use air transportation as a major mode of traveling for business and personal. As the demand for traveling increased, pilot shortage has increased as well. A pilot shortage will devastate the economy and have a lasting effect that will be felt worldwide. However, sources predict that the United States will experience a sizable pilot shortage over the next few years. This paper will identify the reasons for the pilot shortage and discuss the devastating effects that the shortage has on the regional airline industry. In addition, this …

Aircraft Rescue And Fire Fighting Capabilities: Are Today’S Standards Protecting Passenger’S Futures?, Kaetlyn Blocker

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Few studies have been conducted that have truly considered the relevance and inadequacies of applicable aircraft rescue and firefighting (ARFF) regulations. Fewer still have studied and explored accident cases that directly exemplify the deficiencies and inconsistencies of various regulatory standards and requirements. This study seeks to expose and explain those inadequacies by utilizing a historical, case-study type research method to examine accident cases during which time the governing regulations played a significant role in the ARFF operations. The findings discovered as a result of this multi-case analysis provide evidence that the current regulations governing United States ARFF operations are both …

Alaska Part 135 Operations: The Need For Additional Regulatory Oversight And Continuous Aircraft Tracking, April A. Larsen

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With a focus on Alaska, this research illustrates the lack of regulatory oversight pertaining to Title 14 CFR Part 135 operators, including SMS, training, and equipment requirements. As of January 2020, under the Federal Aviation Administration’s NextGen initiative, all aircraft flying in controlled airspace are required to have an Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast (ADS– B) system installed and operational. Many Alaskan operators fly in hazardous terrain, and marginal weather, with little to no communication, yet ADS-B is not a requirement as they are in uncontrolled airspace. Alaska also lacks vital aviation infrastructure including adequate instrument approach procedures, weather monitoring …

Advanced Photogrammetric Modeling Of Dranoc Kullas Using Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems, George Gebert, Liam Griffin, Justin Lawlor, Lauren Davis, Kylee Vander Velde, Sami Ali

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Small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS), also known as drones, offer new capabilities for cultural heritage preservation activities. Student researchers from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University have applied photogrammetric techniques based upon sUAS captured imagery to assist with historical site documentation and cultural heritage preservation in the Republic of Kosovo. Imagery from three locations -- Isniq, Dranoc and Junik -- highlight this work. Student researchers created georectified orthomosaics and 3D virtual objects. At each of these three locations the object of interest was a type of building known as a kulla. These kullas are fortified homes built for protecting large families and are …

Meta-Analysis Of Public Acceptance Of Unmanned Aircraft Systems In The United States, Miles M. Legere

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Automated and unmanned systems are rapidly revolutionizing every aspect of military, commercial, and public use operations in the United States. While this technology serves effectively in dull, dirty, and dangerous tasks, the rapid introduction of unmanned technologies into society has generated intense debate about their ethical, moral, and legal use. Specifically, the rise in the development and application of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) has created significant public discord. As public acceptance of UAS plays a major role in the regulatory decisions that allow for expanded use in commercial and public use applications, it is critically important to understand the complexities …

English Language Proficiency And Aviation Safety, Robert Fowler Jr.

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The goal of this research study is to determine if aviation incidents and accidents due to deficiencies in English language proficiency have increased in the last 10 years based on data from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS). In addition, this study will determine whether deficiencies in English language proficiency have a significant impact on aviation safety. There are currently 184,636 student pilots according to the Federal Aviation Administration Airmen Certification System. Included in this number are 11,776 student pilots with a foreign address (Federal Aviation Administration [FAA], 2019). Findings presented at a NASA …

Impact Of Electronic Flight Bag On Pilot Workload, Saravanan Suppiah

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The increase of automation in the aviation industry pose challenges to human performance. To attest this point, studies about aircraft accidents reveal that pilots’ response to automated systems are always not coherent. Research findings suggests that pilots’ interaction with automated systems in highly demanding tasks situations results in the increase in workload and if they are unable to resolve it in time, it will compromise flight safety. Therefore, in the interest to further explore the impact of automation on human factor constructs, the study aimed to investigate the impact of Electronic Flight Bag (EFB) on pilot workload. The study measured …

High Consequence Safety Research And Policy: The Us Airline Application, Calissa Spooner, Tori Kobayashi, Brent D. Bowen

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The implementation of safety programs in Flight Operations has been successful since the Federal Aviation Administration formally introduced Safety Management Systems (SMS) procedures in 2000. The addition of safety programs like SMS into aviation organizations has been confirmed to improve safety culture, communication, and overall hazard mitigation. This research explores the changes and improvements that are made in maintenance programs where an SMS is formally implemented. In the United States it is legal for children under the age of twenty-four months to fly in commercial aircraft on the lap of a parent or guardian, while being unsecured or unrestrained. Throughout …

Viking And Norse Settlers And Their Lasting Impact On Iceland And Its People, Nikolas J. Blanks

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The purpose of this research is to investigate the lasting impacts the Norse settlers had on Iceland’s environment and people. While in Iceland, a field journal was kept to record observations and notes. An interview was conducted on the various ways Vikings have left their mark on Iceland with the group's tour guide. It was discovered the Norse settlers’ deforestation of Iceland was the tipping point for the environment. Without the birch forests and other plants, the soil became loose and vulnerable to the strong winds of Iceland. Despite the Vikings’ role in the environment, it was observed that Icelanders …

Tourism In Iceland: How Is The Exponentially Increasing Tourism Industry Impacting Iceland’S Natural Wonders?, Julio Guardado, Nick F. Desaro

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Since the collapse of Iceland’s economy in 2008, tourism has been a leading factor in its recovery. However, the exponential increase in tourism has come with some negative consequences. These consequences were observed and analyzed over the span of a week spent collecting data around the country. Observations were made regarding pollution, environmental degradation, and the urbanization of natural sites. The data collected was recorded in field journals, and photographs were taken to support these findings. Interviews were also conducted with tour guides, locals, and business owners in order to gather inside perspectives on the issue. These interviews were conducted …

How Does Electric Vehicle Help An Average Person In Iceland?, Chandra Teja Tiriveedhi

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Automobile technology has been around for over a century and has allowed civilization the ability to become extremely mobile. Unfortunately, the technological advancement comes at an extreme cost with the emissions of various waste products such as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. Thus, many countries are looking to transition their carbon-based transportation system to a carbon neutral with the use of electricity. Iceland is a country that depends on renewable resources such as geothermal and hydroelectric power and recently there have been implementing electric vehicles in some towns. The usage of hydroelectric and geothermal power makes it durable to implement …

The Power Of Water: A Study On The Integration Of Geothermal And Glacial Resources In Iceland, Julianna E. Martorella, Genesis Vargas

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Iceland's unique geographic location provides the people with one main source of energy to keep them powered: water. Iceland can harness the energy from both geothermal and glacial water sources providing a sustainable lifestyle influenced further by the country’s culture. The water sources also provide a stable industry and economy for the population. Although easily accessible and plentiful, the water-based energy sources are carefully planned and constructed to prevent negative environmental impacts. Through a qualitative approach, research was conducted through field observations in country, interviews with natives, and through secondary accounts. These key water sources in Iceland essentially power the …

Effects Of Volcanicity In Iceland, Lilian Njoki Ng'ang'a

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Iceland is greatly known for its volcanicity as there are several eruptions that have occurred over the years. The country’s volcanology is due to its location on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, which is a divergent tectonic boundary (Promote Iceland, n.d.). Due to this, the country is known to be responsible for a third of all the fresh lava on earth (Marteinn, 2018).

This research provides a deep dive into the effects of volcanicity and how the Icelandic people have adapted to it. The methods used to collect data for this research were secondary sources and interviews. It was evident that the …

Literature Review: Hydropower And Iceland's Environment, Olivia Villamagna

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This paper seeks to answer the question: To what extent do hydropower plants affect the surrounding environment? Through a literature review and personal accounts found on blogs and website articles, there were many conclusions that came from this research. A review of the literature indicated that use of hydropower influences the ecology around the plant. The power plant’s redirection of the river's water flow and reservoir submergence cause many problems for the surrounding environments. Hydropower plants can change the landscape due to the fact that the water they use is no longer providing the right nutrients to the previously flourishing …

Iceland’S Renewable Energy Sources & Climate Change, Daniel Roberts, Michael Conway

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Nearly all of Iceland’s energy comes from renewable resources, with the majority being hydroelectric energy, and the remainder being geothermal. For several months undergraduate student researchers from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, aided by faculty from the Office of Undergraduate Research, conducted secondary-source research on the effect climate change has on Iceland’s renewable resources currently, and progressing throughout the century. Additionally, research was conducted on how the Icelandic Government plans on responding to these eminent changes. Earth's rising temperatures are causing a shrinkage of Iceland’s glaciers, and changing the water runoff from their glaciers at an alarming rate. Iceland’s dams are currently …

The Effects Of Cultural Factors On Safety In Aviation Focusing On Asian And Western Cultures, Ji Yeon Song

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Several aviation accidents from the past, such as the Asiana Flight 214 crash at San Francisco International Airport in 2015, have highlighted possible effects of Korean hierarchy culture on the safety of flight. Previous research conducted primarily with the use of surveys revealed that Asian pilots are less likely to report an unsafe condition out of fear that it will damage their relationships with coworkers and superiors. Western pilots see reporting as dealing with the problem and not a person, thus they feel more open to it. This study looked at student pilots’ ability to recognize and deny an unsafe …

Examining The Different Learning Strategies Between Extroverts And Introverts Among Flight Students At Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, John R. Brooks

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Extroverts and introverts have unique approaches to new materials that make learning more efficient. In aviation where quick learning and responses are required, students may struggle because preferred comprehension strategies are not utilized. The research question is whether introverts/extroverts learn better when given the option to approach materials using strategies that match their personality type. 16 participants are placed into one of two different groups (either extrovert/introvert). The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire – Revised (EPQ-R) determines personality trait. Participants are then subdivided into one of four random groups. All participants are given instructions on how to complete two different flight maneuvers …

Effects Of Lighting And Noise On Performance And Situation Awareness In Air Traffic Control Tasks, Saralee Pruksaritanon

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Work environment influences an individual’s performance and situation awareness (SA). This study aims to investigate the effects of lighting and noise on the performance and SA in air traffic control (ATC) tasks. These two variables are important in the domain of ATC because the tasks require an individual to receive and process information both visually and auditorily. The results are useful for designing air traffic control rooms, which are set differently among different air navigation service providers. The subjects are 16 students majoring in Air Traffic Management (ATM) at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (ERAU) – Daytona Beach, FL. The research uses …

Empirical Study On The Accessibility Of Wi-Fi, Computers And Cell Phones In Cuba, Katalina Montalvo

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This paper reviews the accessibility of technology in Havana, Cuba as it begins to open its borders to the modern world. The technology researched includes cell phones, Wi-Fi, computers, and personal computers. As the embargo on Cuba begins to fade, tourists and new businesses are flocking to this once heavily restricted island. The focus of this paper is to explain the availability of modern technology to the citizens of Cuba. Currently, technology is very limited in Cuba because Wi-Fi is an expensive luxury for the average Cuban. Modern computers are also an expensive purchase, which forces Cubans to put together …

The Mars Desert Research Station - Erau Crew 160 Expedition, Lycourgos Manolopoulos, Ashley Hollis-Bussey, Hiroki Sugimoto, Cassandra Vella, John Herman, Marc Carofano

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The Mars Desert Research Station (MDRS) is a research program which is owned and operated by the Mars Society. The MDRS is located in Hanksville, Utah which hosts simulations that are typically two weeks long for professional scientists and engineers as well as college students of all levels, in training for human operations specifically on Mars. This space analog facility is in isolation, allowing for rigorous field studies regarding research that represents a true mission as if the crew members are conducting a real expedition on Mars. Participants are assigned specific roles and tasks that are typically aligned with their …

A Grand Game: Sino-American Relations In The 21st Century, Cameron Mccauley

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This paper provides an overview and analysis of Sino-American relations, focusing primarily on the South China Sea and the implications of China’s rise on both the region and US national security. International relations theory provides the framework for the analysis and multiple viewpoints are included. This paper draws attention to the importance of properly understanding China’s ambitions in order to prevent a war in the Pacific. While not inevitable, the potential for conflict is addressed and likely scenarios are included. This paper concludes with a quick look at how the Trump administration’s policies could affect the turbulent balance of power …

Global Threats And Strategic Assessments: Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigade An Evolving Terrorism Force, Kaydee Penn

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The purpose of this report is to present a Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO) designated by the Secretary of State that poses as a threat to U.S. national interests. This report contains an analysis of current research on the Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigade's past, present, and foreseeable status. An investigation into AAMB's past attacks is imminent to thwarting future attacks. This report will provide a method of analysis to identify gaps and trends in Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigade's past attacks. The findings from the analysis will pave the way for further research to benefit national security.

The Saltwater Theory: A Directed Study Of Failed Revolutions, James Gulliksen

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From the Second World War to date, social scientists who study revolutions have engaged in a pivot from initially focusing on the conditions of the state to a more actor-centric model. In their eyes, the actors (revolutionaries, political parties, foreign nations) within a sphere decide a path for political change, rather than the existing conditions (political rights, economic conditions, repression, etc.) in the same environment. This essay counters this thinking by introducing a Saltwater Theory to explain how different forms of uprisings (the same as different species of animals) can survive in some environments but not others. Additionally, the paper …