Social and Behavioral Sciences | Open Access Articles

The San Bernardino Daily Sun And Local Reporting Of The Great War, Jeff Leblanc Jul 2023

The San Bernardino Daily Sun And Local Reporting Of The Great War, Jeff Leblanc

History in the Making

The scope and ferocity of World War I (1914-1918) shocked the world. It was the first conflict that was reported to the public in near real-time, engrossing people around the world. This paper analyzes the reporting on World War I by a regional American newspaper in Southern California, from America’s initial debate about entering the war in early 1917 until the end of hostilities in 1918. This paper makes use of the newspaper articles printed by the San Bernardino Daily Sun to analyze and evaluate the substantive content and underlying purpose of news stories published by the Daily Sun during …

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The Double-Edged Sword: Examining The Contradictory Nature Of Savak And The U.S.-Iran Cliency Relationship, Braedon Mcghee Jul 2023

The Double-Edged Sword: Examining The Contradictory Nature Of Savak And The U.S.-Iran Cliency Relationship, Braedon Mcghee

History in the Making

The Iranian Revolution of 1979 marked the end of the diplomatic relationship between Iran and the United States. This relationship, cultivated by the United States throughout the Cold War, served the interests of the United States’ hegemonic quest to contain communism while also appealing to the Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi’s political goals. This paper analyzes the complex and contradictory nature of the U.S.-Iran relationship during the reign of the Shah, specifically focusing on the role of the Shah’s brutal secret police force Sâzemân-e Ettelâ’ât va Amniat-e Kešvar (SAVAK), created, directed, and funded by the United States to consolidate …

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Dead Fish In The Desert: A Brief Photo-History Of The Salton Sea, Alicia Gutierrez Oct 2020

Dead Fish In The Desert: A Brief Photo-History Of The Salton Sea, Alicia Gutierrez

History in the Making

Located around 150 miles to the east and south of Los Angeles lies an unburied treasure and an ecological hotbed of debate. While you may not find the treasure in the archetypal sense, you’ll find it in a still, stagnant, and salty body of water in the middle of the desert, the Salton Sea. Considered by many to be an ecological disaster, or a big puddle of sewage, few people take the time to see or smell past all these negative characteristics and find the history behind it. The Salton Sea was once a human-made desert Riviera, but now, it’s …

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The Western Media And The Portrayal Of The Rwandan Genocide, Cherice Joyann Estes Oct 2020

The Western Media And The Portrayal Of The Rwandan Genocide, Cherice Joyann Estes

History in the Making

On December 9, 1948, the United Nations established its Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. Genocides, however, have continued to occur, affecting millions of people around the globe. The 1994 genocide in Rwanda resulted in an estimated 800,000 deaths. Global leaders were well aware of the atrocities, but failed to intervene. At the same time, the Western media's reports on Rwanda tended to understate the magnitude of the crisis. This paper explores the Western media's failure to accurately interpret and describe the Rwandan Genocide. Recognizing the outside media’s role in mischaracterizations of the Rwanda situation …

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English Chocolate, Ghanaian Cocoa, Ryan Minor Jul 2020

English Chocolate, Ghanaian Cocoa, Ryan Minor

History in the Making

No abstract provided.

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The Great Political Journalist, Cokie Roberts, George Zaragoza Jul 2020

The Great Political Journalist, Cokie Roberts, George Zaragoza

History in the Making

No abstract provided.

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“This Is A Game”: A History Of The Foreign Terrorist Organization And State Sponsors Of Terrorism Lists And Their Applications, Melissa Sanford Jul 2020

“This Is A Game”: A History Of The Foreign Terrorist Organization And State Sponsors Of Terrorism Lists And Their Applications, Melissa Sanford

History in the Making

Following the post-September 11 United States reconfiguration of foreign policy, the use of the State Department’s Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO) and State Sponsors of Terrorism (SST) lists and related news media coverage dramatically increased. Considering the gravity of such designations, both because of the potentially devastating economic ramifications in the form of sanctions and as negative P.R., it is imperative to examine the historical use and application of these lists. This paper seeks to help better determine the legitimacy of being designated on either of these lists through the analysis of two entities that have experienced listing: the Mujahedeen-e Khalq …

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The Role Of The Prison-Industrial Complex In Demilitarization, Corporate Outsourcing, & Immigration Policy, Shellie Shimmel Apr 2020

The Role Of The Prison-Industrial Complex In Demilitarization, Corporate Outsourcing, & Immigration Policy, Shellie Shimmel

History in the Making

The traditional system of justice in the United States, based on the goals of retribution, incapacitation, rehabilitation, deterrence, and restitution, has been replaced with a corporate model of mass punishment based on profits, expediency, and the exploitation of free labor. This corporation is known as the “Prison-Industrial Complex” (“PIC”), and is made up of an enormous, interweaving system of correctional institutions, profit-driven corporations, and politicians. Some question whether the builders of the Prison-Industrial Complex could have predicted the outcome of their actions, but in fact their actions were orchestrated to produce certain results. Corporate executives and politicians are well educated …

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Racial Theory: José Martí, José Vasconelos, And The Beliefs That Shaped Latin America, Jose Renteria Apr 2020

Racial Theory: José Martí, José Vasconelos, And The Beliefs That Shaped Latin America, Jose Renteria

History in the Making

This essay compares and contrasts the racial theories of José Martí and José Vasconcelos. It analyzes the social conditions each experienced in their respective time period and location, as well as explaining how such exposures led to their racial understandings and political agendas. The study primarily reveals how nationalistic movements developed due to their influential ideologies, and how both intellectuals influenced other prominent Latin American figures. Lastly, it sheds light on the elements of Martí’s and Vasconcelos’ ideals that continue to survive.

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Benjamin Bradlee, Marlyn Rodriguez Oct 2019