Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Anxiety, Stress, And Self-Esteem Across Genders In A University Sample: Exploring The Role Of Body Avoidance, Richelle Murphy, Peta Stapleton

Peta B. Stapleton

The present study aimed to investigate whether university students’ body avoidance behaviors could be predicted by their level of self-esteem, anxiety, and stress, as well as their BMI and gender. University students (n = 86) completed a self-report package and results indicated that anxiety was the most important predictor of body avoidance for university students. Gender was also predictive of avoidance for university students. Post Hoc analyses indicated that body avoidance, anxiety, stress, and BMI, were higher for female university students, yet no difference was found for self-esteem between genders. These results suggest preliminary evidence for the importance of elevated …

Experiences Of Australian Siblings Of An Individual With An Autism Spectrum Disorder, Vicki Bitsika, Christopher Sharpley, Rebecca Mailli

Vicki Bitsika

The experiences of 75 non-Autism Spectrum Disorder (NASD) children and adolescents who had a sibling with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) were investigated. Differences were found according to age and gender for issues such as amount of time spent with their sibling and access to parents. Having a younger sibling with an ASD was associated with a lower level of confidence in being able to live their lives as they wished. Female NASD participants commented that their lives were more influenced than male NASD participants. About half of all NASD participants reported inconsistencies in family rule adherences and parental expectation.

Is It Me Or Her? How Gender Composition Influences Interpersonally Sensitive Behavior On Collaborative Cross-Boundary Projects, Michele Williams

Michele Williams

This paper investigates how professional workers’ willingness to act with interpersonal sensitivity is influenced by the gender and power of their interaction partners. We call into question the idea that mixed-gender interactions involve more interpersonal sensitivity than all-male interactions primarily because women demonstrate more interpersonal sensitivity than do men. Rather, we argue that the social category “women” can evoke more sensitive behavior from others such that men as well as women contribute to an increase in sensitivity in mixed-gender interactions. We further argue that the presence of women may trigger increased sensitivity such that men can also be the recipients …

Gender Differences In Cognitive Function Of Patients With Chronic Schizophrenia, Mei Han, Xu-Feng Huang, Da Chen, Mei Xiu, Li Hui, Haibo Liu, Thomas Kosten, Xiang Zhang

Xu-Feng Huang

Schizophrenic patients have cognitive impairments, but gender differences in these cognitive deficits have had limited study. This study assessed cognitive functioning in 471 subjects including 122 male and 78 female schizophrenic patients and 141 male and 130 female healthy controls. We found that immediate memory, language, delayed memory and total RBANS scores were significantly decreased in schizophrenia compared with healthy controls for both genders. Male patients had significant lower immediate memory, delayed memory and total RBANS scores than female patients, and healthy controls showed a similar gender difference. The RBANS showed modest correlations with PANSS scores, duration of illness and …

Men's Collective Struggles For Gender Justice: The Case Of Antiviolence Activism, Michael Flood

Michael G Flood

No abstract provided.

Differences In Gender And Performance In Off-Road Triathlon, Romuald Lepers, Paul Stapley

Dr Paul J Stapley

The aims of this study were: (1) to examine performance trends and compare elite male and female athletes at the off-road triathlon (1.5-km swim, 30-km mountain biking, and 11-km trail running) world championships since its inception in 1996, and (2) to compare gender-related differences between off-road triathlon and conventional road-based triathlon. Linear regression analyses and ANOVA were used to examine performance trends and differences between the sexes. Elite male performance times stabilized over the 2005-2009 period, whereas elite female performance times continued to improve, especially for the run leg. Differences in performance times between the sexes were less marked in …

Insights Into Teaching About Race, Class And Gender: Pedagogy And Curriculum, Evan Poata-Smith

Evan S. Te Ahu Poata-Smith

No abstract provided.

Economic Transition And New Patterns Of Parent-Adult Child Coresidence In Urban China, Qian Forrest Zhang

Qian Forrest ZHANG

This study uses national data from the 1996 Life History and Social change in Contemporary China survey (N = 3,087) to gauge the effect of the economic transition on parent-adult child coresidence in urban China. Previous studies find that, thanks to state actions, traditional patterns in coresidence persisted in post-Mao urban China. This study still finds high levels of coresidence. China's aging population, coupled with an underdeveloped social security system, means that the traditional role of family will remain strong. It also uncovers three new patterns, however, best explained as caused by changes in the economic realm. First, the coresidence …

"Having It His Way: The Construction Of Masculinity In Fast Food Tv Advertising", Carrie Freeman, Debra Merskin

Carrie P Freeman

No abstract provided.

Attributionally More Complex People Show Less Punitiveness And Racism, Kim-Pong Tam, Al Au, Angela K.-Y. Leung

Ka Yee Angela LEUNG

Based on past findings that attributionally more complex people make less fundamental attribution error, it was hypothesized that they would show less punitiveness and racism. In a study of 102 undergraduates, this hypothesis received robust support. The effect of attributional complexity was significant in two different punitiveness measures, a rehabilitation support measure, and two different racism measures. Also, this effect still held when demographic variables, crime victimization history, and need for cognition were statistically controlled. Moreover, attributional complexity mediated the effect of need for cognition and gender on punitiveness and racism. Theoretical implications are discussed.

Negotiating The Gender Divide: Lessons From The Negotiation And Organizational Behavior Literatures, Carol Kulik, Mara Olekalns

Mara Olekalns

Employment relationships are increasingly personalized, with more employment conditions open to negotiation. Although the intended goal of this personalization is a better and more satisfying employment relationship, personalization may systematically disadvantage members of some demographic groups. This disadvantage is evident for women, who routinely negotiate less desirable employment terms than men. This gender-based gap in outcomes is frequently attributed to differences in the ways that men and women negotiate. We review the negotiation research demonstrating that women are systematically disadvantaged in negotiations and the organizational behavior research examining the backlash experienced by agentic women. We use the Stereotype Content Model …

Body Matters, Meenakshi Durham

Meenakshi Gigi Durham

An essay is presented on genderscapes, the physical conditions of women's lives that challenge the notion of a virtual disembodied self in cyberspace as people focus on social networking, tweeting and texting. Hidden beneath cyberscapes are what the author terms genderscapes as more women are reportedly becoming victims of injustice including domestic violence, and women's bodies experiencing real pain. The author discusses materiality in terms of economics, social power and opportunity which lead to corporeality.

Body Matters, Meenakshi Durham

Meenakshi Gigi Durham

An essay is presented on genderscapes, the physical conditions of women's lives that challenge the notion of a virtual disembodied self in cyberspace as people focus on social networking, tweeting and texting. Hidden beneath cyberscapes are what the author terms genderscapes as more women are reportedly becoming victims of injustice including domestic violence, and women's bodies experiencing real pain. The author discusses materiality in terms of economics, social power and opportunity which lead to corporeality.

Finding A Jewel: Identity And Gendered Space In Islamic Finance, Karen Ahmed

Karen Hunt Ahmed

In this article, I explore how globalization discourses practices work together to form the identities of female Islamic bankers working in the first stand-alone women’s Islamic bank in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. An Islamic bank interacts with the individual by providing a discursive and physical space in which the subject can shape and respond to her desire to identify and engage with the debates in the global Muslim community about morality, practice and the role of Islam in every day life. Global financial systems and local gender practices are embodied in these buildings in a kind of financial purdah: building …

Skilled Migration In Global Cities From ‘Other’ Perspectives: British Arabs, Identity Politics, And Local Embeddedness, Caroline Nagel

Caroline R. Nagel

Migration scholars increasingly have turned their attention to skilled migration, focusing, in particular, on the transfer of professionals within and between transnational corporations. Recent efforts have been made to bring a ‘cultural' analysis to this phenomenon, including greater scrutiny of the corporate cultures and social networks in which skilled migrants are embedded. This research has emphasised the importance of locality even among these most footloose and transnational of migrants. But despite these complex views of skilled migration, analyses have generated a somewhat limited conception of ‘skilled migrants' as managerial elites disengaged from local life. This paper examines skilled migration from …

College Students' Crime-Related Fears On Campus: Are Fear-Provoking Cues Gendered?, David May, Bonnie Fisher

David May

Gender plays a central role in the study of crime-related fear as does the description of various fear-provoking cues in the environment. Despite the ever-growing body of crime-related fear research, few researchers have examined which fear-provoking cues, if any, are gendered. Using a large sample of undergraduates from a public university, this article explores the gendered nature of fear-provoking cues and crime-related fears while on campus. Bivariate and multivariate results suggest that fear-provoking cues are not gendered for fear of larceny-theft or fear of assault. These results inform the fear of crime research on a number of dimensions and have …

Family Sources Of Educational Gender Inequality In Rural China: A Critical Assessment, Emily C. Hannum, Peggy A. Kong, Yuping Zhang

Emily C. Hannum

Multiple Virginity And Other Contested Realities In Taipei's Foreign Club Culture, Marc Moskowitz

Marc L. Moskowitz

No abstract provided.

Theoretical Predictors Of Delinquency Among Public School Students In A Mid-Southern State, Preston Elrod, Nathan Lowe, David May

Preston Elrod, Ph.D.

Theoretical predictors of delinquency among a sample of rural and small town youths are examined by testing the impact of numerous theoretical indices both within in-school and out-of-school settings, while also examining gender, through the use of structural equation models. Our findings suggest the impact of theoretical predictors on delinquency varies not only by gender, but by social context as well. Implications for policy and future research are discussed.

Gender And Developmental Differences In Relation To The Effects Of Child Sexual Abuse, Bonnie Kenaley

Bonnie Kenaley

The aims of this study were to determine the relationship between the dimensions of child sexual abuse (CSA) (age at onset, frequency, duration, severity, and victim-perpetrator relationship) and the short-term behavioral/psychological sequelae, considering the victim's gender and developmental level and determine if a relationship exists between each CSA dimension and the sequelae, whether a minimal, moderate, or severe level of CSA. This national two-stage stratified probability study entailed a secondary data analysis using the National Child and Adolescent Well-being Survey (NSCAW) dataset. The sample consisted of 442 boys and girls between the ages of 6 and 16 years old investigated …

Gender And The Digital Economy: Perspectives From The Developing World, Margaretha Geertsema Sligh

Margaretha Geertsema-Sligh

Editors Cecilia Ng and Swasti Mitter address an important and timely topic in their new book. The book sets out to do exactly what the title says: the authors interrogate the participation of women in the Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) industry, particularly in developing countries. As the editors point out in the introduction, there are concerns that globalization will increase inequalities and asymmetrical power relationships between the rich and the poor. Yet, they are quite optimistic about the potential enabling power of new technologies.

Singlehood: Transitions Within A Gendered World, Lorraine Davies

Lorraine Davies

No abstract provided.

A Dialogue On Comparable Worth, Michael Gold

Michael Evan Gold

[Excerpt] Comparable worth is the EEO issue of the decade. The purpose of this dialogue is to present both, or at least two, sides of the debate over comparable worth. In essence, it raises the question of whether women are underpaid for their work. Secretaries, for example, earn less than stockbrokers. Is it mere coincidence that most secretaries and social workers are women, while most plumbers and stockbrokers are men? For the sake of convenience, the participants in this dialogue have agreed that jobs held predominantly by women may be referred to as " women's jobs" or "women's work" and …