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Articles 1 - 30 of 32
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Removal Of Trace Organic Contaminants By An Mbr Comprising A Mixed Culture Of Bacteria And White-Rot Fungi, Luong Nguyen, Faisal Hai, Shufan Yang, Jinguo Kang, Frederic Leusch, Felicity Roddick, William Price, Long Nghiem
Removal Of Trace Organic Contaminants By An Mbr Comprising A Mixed Culture Of Bacteria And White-Rot Fungi, Luong Nguyen, Faisal Hai, Shufan Yang, Jinguo Kang, Frederic Leusch, Felicity Roddick, William Price, Long Nghiem
Faisal I Hai
The degradation of 30 trace organic contaminants (TrOC) by a white-rot fungus-augmented membrane bioreactor (MBR) was investigated. The results show that white-rot fungal enzyme (laccase), coupled with a redox mediator (1-hydroxy benzotriazole, HBT), could degrade TrOC that are resistant to bacterial degradation (e.g. diclofenac, triclosan, naproxen and atrazine) but achieved low removal of compounds (e.g. ibuprofen, gemfibrozil and amitriptyline) that are well removed by conventional activated sludge treatment. Overall, the fungus-augmented MBR showed better TrOC removal compared to a system containing conventional activated sludge. The major role of biodegradation in removal by the MBR was noted. Continuous mediator dosing to …
Beyond Exile: The Ramayana As A Living Narrative Among Indo-Fijians In Fiji And New Zealand, Kevin Miller
Beyond Exile: The Ramayana As A Living Narrative Among Indo-Fijians In Fiji And New Zealand, Kevin Miller
Kevin C. Miller
Drawing on the themes of collective memory, cultural ideologies, and narrative constructions, this chapter proposes to examine the narrative of the Ramayana epic, its exegesis through performance, and its continued relevance to identity formation among Indo-Fijian Hindus both within Fiji and its Pacific Rim diaspora. Based on the recasting of the “twice-migrated” Indo-Fijian as the “twice-banished” by certain observers, we might expect the meaning of the Ramayana in the lives of Indo-Fijian Hindus in New Zealand to shift towards the theme of Rama’s exile, just as it did for the indentured laborers who made the original journey to Fiji. Nevertheless, …
Spain In The European Union: A Qualitative Study Of National Identity, Antonio Menéndez Alarcón
Spain In The European Union: A Qualitative Study Of National Identity, Antonio Menéndez Alarcón
Antonio V. Menéndez Alarcón
This article focuses on Spanish interpretations of the European integration process. Based on extensive use of primary sources and interviews, the article examines perceptions of national identity, nationalism and people’s cultural attachment to the European Union (EU). It discusses the diversity of opinions among the different political parties, labor unions, business leaders and lay citizens regarding the organization of the EU. The study is located in the cultural studies approaches that attempt to describe the complexity and interdependence of political, economic and ideological structures. It shows that the EU is as much about representation and cultural meanings as it is …
Connecting Through Consilience: Ecology, Society, Culture And Technology, Ruth Mirams, Alexander Hayes
Connecting Through Consilience: Ecology, Society, Culture And Technology, Ruth Mirams, Alexander Hayes
Alexander Hayes Mr.
Amongst linguistic, cultural and geographic diversity, humanity is characterised by inquisitiveness, communication and a deep desire to connect with each other. Despite our advanced intelligence and technological capacity, we are creatures of nature - a species which occupies a habitat, depends on consumable resources and fragile in many ways. As a species, we currently face challenges including overpopulation, diminishing resources and habitat degradation. In essence, we are exhausting the resources we depend on. [1] Resource depletion, disruption, famine, growth and sustainability are all observable in other species and natural systems. Human societies and systems can be described through the same …
Comparing Portrayals Of Beauty In Outdoor Advertisements Across Six Cultures: Bulgaria, Hong Kong, Japan, Poland, South Korea, And Turkey, Pamela Morris
Pamela K. Morris
This research expands scholarship on cross-cultural investigations by examining ideas of beauty through the lens of outdoor advertisements. Using a content analysis method, 293 images of women in outdoor advertisements from six different cultures, including Bulgaria, Hong Kong, Japan, Poland, South Korea, and Turkey, were reviewed through a framework of advertising and consumer culture, globalization, and theories of beauty. The findings revealed that differences across cultures exist and that beauty ideals are culture dependent.
Technology As Text: The Application Of Literary Theory To The Use Of Interactive Multimedia In Secondary Schools, Mark Mcmahon, Tony Fetherston
Technology As Text: The Application Of Literary Theory To The Use Of Interactive Multimedia In Secondary Schools, Mark Mcmahon, Tony Fetherston
Tony Fetherston
Definitions of literature are evolving to embody a wider range of cultural practices which can include interactive multimedia (IMM). Also the study of literature is undergoing a philosophical change, where traditional notions of literature as canonical and embodying universal human qualities is giving way to a more relativist epistemology. The act of reading, is not seen now as a passive process, but readers are constructing meanings which are also informed by their own values and cultural milieu. This paper argues that as IMM becomes more integral to the teaching of a wide variety of subjects, students need to be equipped …
Idealization And Desire In The Hundred Acre Wood: A.A. Milne And Christopher (Robin), Laura Bright
Idealization And Desire In The Hundred Acre Wood: A.A. Milne And Christopher (Robin), Laura Bright
Laura E Bright
Argues that A.A. Milne's Winnie-the-Pooh and The House at Pooh Corner represent the conscious rejection, unconscious reproduction, and re-imaging of the author's traumatic Victorian childhood.
Silent Subversions, Derek Dubois
Silent Subversions, Derek Dubois
Derek M Dubois
Explores the concept of spectatorship in relation to gender in the earliest period of film history in the United States known as the silent era. Argues that a new mode of spectatorship emerges for women during the 1920s, which employs to advantage the extra-diegetic components of spectacle in theater design, new customized genres for female filmgoers, fandom, and exotic male film stars, such as Rudolph Valentino. Focuses primarily on feminist film theory and on cultural studies as methodological models.
Sound Symbolism, Onomatopoeia, And New Guinea Frog Names, Terence Hays
Sound Symbolism, Onomatopoeia, And New Guinea Frog Names, Terence Hays
Terence Hays
Brent Berlin has recently proposed the use of r sounds as a substantive universal in the names given to frogs and toads, a tendency that he attributes to onomatopoeia. A data set from over 200 New Guinea languages is analyzed. Berlin's proposal regarding r sounds recieves strong support, but an even more significant pattern is found with respect to g sounds. Onomatopoeia is a possible motivation for both of these patterns.
Oceania - From Tobacco In Culture And History: An Encyclopedia, Vol 2, Terence Hays
Oceania - From Tobacco In Culture And History: An Encyclopedia, Vol 2, Terence Hays
Terence Hays
The earliest historical record of tobacco use in Oceania dates back from 1616 on islands off the northwest coast of New Guinea. Tobacco cultivation may have been introduced to the philippines by the Spanish as early as 1575, but it was after large-scale cultivation began to flourish in Europe in the 1590's that the use of tobacco, if not always its cultivation, rapidly spread, with introductions by the Dutch in Java in 1601 and almost immediate diffusion throughout what is now Indonesia, with Halmahera becoming a center of cultivation and export (as was Java) by 1616.
Tairora - From The Greenwood Encyclopedia Of World Folklore And Folklife, Terence Hays
Tairora - From The Greenwood Encyclopedia Of World Folklore And Folklife, Terence Hays
Terence Hays
Encyclopedia entry regarding the geography, history, and culture of Tairora located in the Kainantu District of the Eastern Highlands Province of Papau New Guinea.
Folktales From Habi'ina, Katnantu District, Eastern Highlands Province, Terence Hays
Folktales From Habi'ina, Katnantu District, Eastern Highlands Province, Terence Hays
Terence Hays
The people of Habi'ina village live on the northern slopes of Mount Piora in the Dogara Census Division of the Kainantu District, Eastern Highlands Province. Like other Papua New Guineans, they possess a rich oral literature and tell each other stories for a wide variety of reasons. All stories are called huri, but several different types can be distinguished.
A Pacific Island Collection In Rhode Island, Terence Hays, Mary Conaway, Susan Yeaw
A Pacific Island Collection In Rhode Island, Terence Hays, Mary Conaway, Susan Yeaw
Terence Hays
Collections of artifacts and specimens from Pacific Island cultures are found throughout Rhode Island. The largest and most systematically collected is in the Museum of Natural History in Roger Williams Park, Providence. The items were acquired by Rhode Island citizens over about a 150 year period from the early 1800's to the 1950's. They are from the 3 culture areas of the Pacific: Polynesia, Melanesia, and Micronesia. All form of matter including wood, shell, fiber, bone and skin, ivory, pottery, stone, and human hair are part of the artifact assemblage. The specimens (not studied for this project) include birds, lava, …
Missionaries - From Tobacco In Culture And History: An Encyclopeida, Vol. 1, Terence Hays
Missionaries - From Tobacco In Culture And History: An Encyclopeida, Vol. 1, Terence Hays
Terence Hays
For centuries, many missionaries have reflected the ambivalent and sometimes shifting views held by their peers back home, with their actions shaped by local circumstances as well as moral debates. In other cases, missionaries-most notably Mormons, Seventh Day Adventists, and members of various evangelical sects of Protestantism-have long been opposed to smoking. Today, most missionaries around the world at least publicly speak out against tobacco use because of associated health risks. Whether only by example or as direct interoducers or suppliers, missionaries joined other colonial agents in the spread and support of tobacco use historically, regardless of what their common …
"Myths Of Matriarchy" And The Sacred Flute Complex Of The Papua New Guinea Highlands, Terence Hays
"Myths Of Matriarchy" And The Sacred Flute Complex Of The Papua New Guinea Highlands, Terence Hays
Terence Hays
In Hays study of the "Myths of Matriarchy" in the Papua New Guinea Highlands, he draws upon Joan Bamberger's "Myths of Matriarchy" from 1974. He seeks to address whether Bamberger's analysis of South American objects can illuminate those from the area he is studying, that of the Highlands of New Guinea. Hays notes that there is a long argued idea that the "sacred flute complex" was manifested from and contributed to the mutually antagonistic gender relations of the societies in which that area is known for and that once upon a time women brandished the flute and bullroarer instruments and …
Uses Of Wild Plants In Ndumba, Eastern Highlands Province, Terence Hays
Uses Of Wild Plants In Ndumba, Eastern Highlands Province, Terence Hays
Terence Hays
For Papua New Guineans,l as well as for those who wish to understand them better, traiditional knowledge of the local natural environment is a priceless resource. In the face of increasing commitments to a cash economy, however, many communities are rapidly losing their awareness and appreciation of the rich animal and plant worlds which are immediately available to them. As Powell has recently observed (1976), the recorded information regarding traditional plant knowledge and uses has tended to be widely-scattered in the literature and relatively difficult to access, especially for those who stand to benefit the most from it. A recent …
Two Tales Of A City: Nineteenth-Century Black Philadelphia, Nick Salvatore
Two Tales Of A City: Nineteenth-Century Black Philadelphia, Nick Salvatore
Nick Salvatore
[Excerpt] In the tension between Forging Freedom and Roots of Violence certain themes present themselves for further research and thought. Neither volume successfully analyzes the historical roots of the African-American class structure. This is especially evident in each book's treatment of the black middling orders. While neither defines the category with clarity, their basic assumption that small shopkeepers and regularly employed workers were critical to the community's ability to withstand some of the worst shocks of racism is important. The clash between these books also raises questions concerning the role of pre-industrial cultural values in the transition to industrial capitalism. …
"No Tobacco, No Hallelujah" , Terence Hays
"No Tobacco, No Hallelujah" , Terence Hays
Terence Hays
According to myths and legends told by some peoples of New Guinea, tobacco is an ancient and indigenous plant, having appeared sponotaneously in a variety of ways. In other instances, the plant and the custom of smoking it are said to have been established by local culture heroes, while still other traditions prosaically cite adoptions from neighboring groups. On the basis of oral history alone, then, one might conclude that New Guinea tobacco appeared in widely scattered locations in the mythic past, and its distribution at the time of European contact is explainable as simple diffusion within the region.
Kuku-"God Of The Motuites", Terence Hays
Kuku-"God Of The Motuites", Terence Hays
Terence Hays
When European colonists arrived in Papua New Guinea, tobacco and the custom of smoking already were widespread but not universal. The newcomers quickly filled this void by introducing trade tobacco, which nearly everywhere was rapidly adopted. A "passion" for smoking was especially evident among those to whom tobacco was previously unknown or very new. The chemical properties of nicotine combined with an absence of cultural rules regarding its use to create a new "god."
Sacred Texts And Introductory Texts, Terence Hays
Sacred Texts And Introductory Texts, Terence Hays
Terence Hays
A survey of 118 introductory anthropology textbooks published in the period 1929-1990 examines the ways in which Margaret Mead's Coming of Age in Samoa has been presented to college undergraduates. In contrast to Derek Freeman's claim that her conclusions about Samoan sexuality and adolescence have been reiterated (approvingly) in an "unbroken succesion of anthropological textbooks," it appears that this work has been ignored almost as often as it has been cited. Criticesms of Mead, although relatively few and almost entirely methodological, have also been incorporated into texstbooks, both before and following Freeeman's 1983 book, Margaret Mead and Samoa. Whether or …
A Public Health Approach To Understanding And Preventing Violent Radicalisation., K Bhui, M Hicks, M Lashley, E Jones
A Public Health Approach To Understanding And Preventing Violent Radicalisation., K Bhui, M Hicks, M Lashley, E Jones
Madelyn Hsiao-Rei Hicks
No abstract provided.
“What Are You?” A Recurring Question In A Cross-Cultural Psychiatrist’S Life And Career., M Hicks
“What Are You?” A Recurring Question In A Cross-Cultural Psychiatrist’S Life And Career., M Hicks
Madelyn Hsiao-Rei Hicks
This article contributes to the Transcultural Psychiatry special issue of autobiographical articles on: ''The Personal and the Professional: Lives and Careers of Cultural Psychiatrists.''
Book Review Of Beau Breslin, "From Words To Worlds: Exploring Constitutional Functionality", Robert Tsai
Book Review Of Beau Breslin, "From Words To Worlds: Exploring Constitutional Functionality", Robert Tsai
Robert L Tsai
This is a review of Beau Breslin's book, "From Words to Worlds: Exploring Constitutional Functionality" (Johns Hopkins, 2009). As an antidote to what he believes to be scholarly marginalization of the "unique" aspects of a written constitution, Breslin focuses attention on seven functions of such a legal text: transforming existing orders, conveying collective aspirations, designing institutions, mediating conflict, recognizing claims of subnational communities, empowering social actors, and constraining governmental authority. This review briefly critiques Breslin's functional approach and discusses two of the more pressing goals of modern constitutionalism: managing social conflict and preserving cultural heritage.
The Ces-D In Chinese American Women: Construct Validity, Diagnostic Validity For Major Depression, And Cultural Response Bias., Z Li, M Hicks
The Ces-D In Chinese American Women: Construct Validity, Diagnostic Validity For Major Depression, And Cultural Response Bias., Z Li, M Hicks
Madelyn Hsiao-Rei Hicks
Previous studies of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) in Chinese Americans describe internal reliability and factor structure. We report CES-D construct validity and diagnostic validity for major depression in a probability sample of 168 community-dwelling Chinese American women. Internal consistency was satisfactory (Cronbach's alpha=0.86). Good construct validity was indicated by significantly higher mean CES-D scores for respondents who reported lower social support, worse self-perceived general health, or stressful life events, including intimate partner violence. Cultural response bias was found, with positively-stated CES-D items (e.g. "I was happy") producing higher depression scores in immigrants and subjects who preferred …
Playing, Shopping, And Working As Rock Musicians, Carey Sargent
Playing, Shopping, And Working As Rock Musicians, Carey Sargent
Carey L Sargent
Masculinities vary by organizational context, demonstrating that organizational culture shapes the gendering of work even within the same occupation. The author draws on comparative and ethnographic data collected in two retail environments (large and small musical instrument stores) to understand how a common organizational culture is differently gendered by the organization of work. In these music stores, organizational culture is driven by masculinist fantasies of the rock musician lifestyle. As the products and knowledge of the rock musician lifestyle are made popularly accessible and retail work is deskilled, a style of masculinity based on fraternization and competition takes the place …
The Consequences Of "Culture's Consequences": A Critical Approach To Culture As Collective Programming Applied To Cross-Cultural Crews, Fabienne Knudsen, Lisa Froholdt
The Consequences Of "Culture's Consequences": A Critical Approach To Culture As Collective Programming Applied To Cross-Cultural Crews, Fabienne Knudsen, Lisa Froholdt
Lisa L. Froholdt
No abstract provided.
The Liberating Role Of Conflict In Group Creativity: A Cross Cultural Study, Charlan Nemeth, Marie Personnaz, Bernard Personnaz, Jack Goncalo
The Liberating Role Of Conflict In Group Creativity: A Cross Cultural Study, Charlan Nemeth, Marie Personnaz, Bernard Personnaz, Jack Goncalo
Jack Goncalo
Researchers of group creativity have noted problems such as social loafing, “production blocking,” and especially, evaluation apprehension (Paulus, 2000). Thus, brainstorming techniques have specifically admonished people “not to criticize” their own and others’ ideas, a tenet that has gone unexamined. In contrast, there is research showing that dissent, debate and competing views have positive value, stimulating divergent and creative thought (Nemeth, 2002, in press). In this experimental study, traditional brainstorming instructions admonishing people not to criticize were compared with instructions encouraging people to debate and even criticize. A third condition offered no specific instructions. This study was conducted both in …
Partner Violence And Major Depression In Women: A Community Study Of Chinese Americans., M Hicks, Z Lee
Partner Violence And Major Depression In Women: A Community Study Of Chinese Americans., M Hicks, Z Lee
Madelyn Hsiao-Rei Hicks
This cross-sectional, retrospective study used epidemiological and anthropological methods toward two aims: 1) to examine associations between partner violence and major depression in a community probability sample of women and 2) to provide new data on partner violence in Chinese Americans. In this study, 181 Chinese American women were interviewed, with 178 completing structured sections on CIDI 2.1 major depression and on partner violence history. Results indicate that a history of partner violence is associated with significantly higher rates of lifetime, 12-month, and current major depression in this community population. This effect is specific and independent of other factors. Partner …
Perceived Causes Of Suicide Attempts By Uk South Asian Women., M Hicks, D Bhugra
Perceived Causes Of Suicide Attempts By Uk South Asian Women., M Hicks, D Bhugra
Madelyn Hsiao-Rei Hicks
Perceived causes of suicide attempts were examined in 180 ethnic South Asian women living in the London area. The 3 factors endorsed most frequently and strongly as causes of suicide attempts in South Asian women were violence by the husband, being trapped in an unhappy family situation, and depression.
Validity Of The Cidi Probe Flow Chart For Depression In Chinese American Women., M Hicks
Validity Of The Cidi Probe Flow Chart For Depression In Chinese American Women., M Hicks
Madelyn Hsiao-Rei Hicks
This article presents observations on the function and validity of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) 2.1 in a study of major depression in Chinese American women. CIDI symptom items for depression had good apparent validity and acceptability. However, CIDI probe flow chart (PFC) ‘clinical significance’ criteria appeared to underidentify cases of major depression if they occurred in China, or in deprived conditions within the U.S. and other developed countries. Validity of the CIDI PFC was affected by social, political and cultural factors. Patterns of bias are discussed and related to assumptions underlying the PFC regarding resource availability, help-seeking and …