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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Searching For Contracting Patterns Over Time: Do Prime Contractor And Subcontractor Relations Follow Similar Patterns For Professional Services Provision?, Branco Ponomariov, Gordon Kingsley, Craig Boardman
Searching For Contracting Patterns Over Time: Do Prime Contractor And Subcontractor Relations Follow Similar Patterns For Professional Services Provision?, Branco Ponomariov, Gordon Kingsley, Craig Boardman
Craig Boardman
This paper compares over a 12-year period (1) patterns of contracting between a state transportation agency and its prime contractors providing engineering design services with (2) patterns between these prime contractors and their subcontractors. We find evidence of different contracting patterns at each level that emerge over time and coexist in the same contracting context. While patterns at the agency–prime level are characterized by repeated contracts, patterns at the prime–sub level indicate fewer repeats and more contractor turnover. Implications for outsourcing practice and theory are discussed.
Organizational Confidence: An Empirical Assessment Of Highly Positive Public Managers, Mary Feeney, Craig Boardman
Organizational Confidence: An Empirical Assessment Of Highly Positive Public Managers, Mary Feeney, Craig Boardman
Craig Boardman
There is a great deal of research investigating public servants' perceptions of organizational problems (e.g., red tape, bureaucratic control); however, there is little research investigating public servants who have highly positive perceptions of their organizations. This article assesses perceptions of state employees to investigate individual- and organizational-level correlates with highly positive government workers, which we define as workers reporting high levels of pride in the organization for which they work, and who believe that the organization provides high-quality public services and operates by highly ethical standards. Using data from the National Administrative Studies Project III, we draw from formal theories …
A Preliminary Assessment Of The Potential For 'Team Science' In Doe Energy Innovation Hubs And Energy Frontier Research Centers, Craig Boardman, Branco Ponomariov
A Preliminary Assessment Of The Potential For 'Team Science' In Doe Energy Innovation Hubs And Energy Frontier Research Centers, Craig Boardman, Branco Ponomariov
Craig Boardman
President Obama has called for the development of new energy technologies to address our national energy needs and restore US economic competitiveness. In response, the Department of Energy has established new R&D modalities for energy research and development designed to facilitate collaboration across disciplinary, institutional, and sectoral boundaries. In this research note, we provide a preliminary assessment of the potential for essential mechanisms for coordinated problem solving among diverse actors within two new modalities at the DOE: Energy Innovation Hubs and Energy Frontier Research Centers.
Industry Involvement In University Patents: Before And After The Invention, Branco Ponomariov, Craig Boardman
Industry Involvement In University Patents: Before And After The Invention, Branco Ponomariov, Craig Boardman
Craig Boardman
No abstract provided.
Influencing Scientists’ Collaboration And Productivity Patterns Through New Institutions: University Research Centers And Scientific And Technical Human Capital, Branco Ponomariov, Craig Boardman
Influencing Scientists’ Collaboration And Productivity Patterns Through New Institutions: University Research Centers And Scientific And Technical Human Capital, Branco Ponomariov, Craig Boardman
Craig Boardman
This paper analyzes the effect of university research centers on the productivity and collaboration patterns of university faculty. University research centers are an important subject for policy analysis insofar that they have become the predominant policy response to scientific and technical demands that have not been met by extant institutions, including academic departments, private firms, and government laboratories. Specifically, these centers aim to organize researchers from across the disciplines and sectors which, collectively as a research unit, possess the scientific and technical capacity relevant to scientific and technical goals of the sponsoring agencies. In this paper, we measure the productivity …
The New Science And Engineering Management: Cooperative Research Centers As Government Policies, Industry Strategies, And Organizations, Craig Boardman, Denis Gray
The New Science And Engineering Management: Cooperative Research Centers As Government Policies, Industry Strategies, And Organizations, Craig Boardman, Denis Gray
Craig Boardman
Cooperative research centers (CRCs) are key mechanisms for national and subnational governments and private industry for achieving social and economic outcomes with science and technology. Despite growing policy and scholarly interest in the management and productivity of CRCs, their complex and variegated nature has led to limited and inconsistent understanding of CRCs. In this introduction to this Special Issue of The Journal of Technology Transfer, we discuss the impetuses for and embodiment of CRCs as government policies, industry strategies, and organizations and thus address a number of unexplored aspects of CRCs that are important to decision making for both policy …
Private Sector Imprinting: An Examination Of The Impacts Of Private Sector Job Experience On Public Managers’ Work Attitudes, Craig Boardman, Barry Bozeman, Branco Ponomariov
Private Sector Imprinting: An Examination Of The Impacts Of Private Sector Job Experience On Public Managers’ Work Attitudes, Craig Boardman, Barry Bozeman, Branco Ponomariov
Craig Boardman
What are the attitudes of public managers who have had full-time private sector work experience? Public managers with private sector work experience report different perspectives when compared to their counterparts who have spent their entire careers in the public sector. Though private sector work experience negatively correlates with job satisfaction, it only does so for the “new switcher,” whose last job was in the private sector. As careers advance, the negative impact seems to wane, leaving a public sector workforce that, in part as a result of their private sector work experience, are relatively more intrinsically motivated and involved in …
Broad Impacts And Narrow Perspectives: Passing The Buck On Science And Social Impacts, Barry Bozeman, Craig Boardman
Broad Impacts And Narrow Perspectives: Passing The Buck On Science And Social Impacts, Barry Bozeman, Craig Boardman
Craig Boardman
We provide a critical assessment of the National Science Foundation's (NSF) “broader impacts criterion” for peer review, which has met with resistance from the scientific community and been characterized as unlikely to have much positive effect due to poor implementation and adherence to the linear model heuristic for innovation. In our view, the weakness of NSF's approach owes less to these issues than to the misguided assumption that the peer review process can be used to leverage more societal value from research. This idea, although undoubtedly well-meaning, is fundamentally flawed. Retooling or refining the Broader Impacts Criterion does not alter …
Toward Understanding Work Motivation: Perceived Public Service Efficacy As A Predictor Of Job Satisfaction, Role Ambiguity And Organizational Commitment In The Public Sector, Craig Boardman, Eric Sundquist
Toward Understanding Work Motivation: Perceived Public Service Efficacy As A Predictor Of Job Satisfaction, Role Ambiguity And Organizational Commitment In The Public Sector, Craig Boardman, Eric Sundquist
Craig Boardman
Government reformers in the United States have recently focused on running public agencies more like private firms by emphasizing economic rewards, such as merit pay. Meanwhile, a body of literature has grown that indicates that public servants respond to factors that financially based reward initiatives tend to ignore. We introduce a new explanatory variable, perceived public service efficacy (PPSE), which quantifies public servants' perception about the benefit their employing agencies provide the public. We present empirical evidence demonstrating that as PPSE rises—that is, as public servants more strongly perceive their agencies to be benefiting the public—reported levels of role ambiguity …
University Researchers Working With Private Companies, Craig Boardman, Branco Ponomariov
University Researchers Working With Private Companies, Craig Boardman, Branco Ponomariov
Craig Boardman
Despite the growing interest in university–industry interactions, there has been little systematic assessment of the university scientists who work with private companies. This study uses a national survey of tenured and tenure-track scientists in the US to identify personal and professional characteristics that affect whether university scientists interact with private companies and, if so, the ways in which they interact. We account for a broad range of professional and personal predictors of scientists’ interactions with the private sector, including funding sources, institutional affiliations, tenure status, support of students, scientific values, and demographic attributes. The motivation for this broad-based analysis is …
Government Centrality To University-Industry Interactions, Craig Boardman
Government Centrality To University-Industry Interactions, Craig Boardman
Craig Boardman
This paper uses data from a national survey of academic researchers in the US to detect how different types of university research centers affect individual-level university–industry interactions. The results suggest that while affiliation with an industry-related center correlates positively with the likelihood of an academic researcher having had any research-related interactions with private companies, affiliation with centers sponsored by government centers programs correlates positively with the level of industry involvement, no matter whether these centers additionally have ties to private companies. The analysis takes the “scientific and technical human capital” approach, which draws from theories of social capital and human …
University Research Centers And The Composition Of Research Collaborations, Craig Boardman, Elizabeth Corley
University Research Centers And The Composition Of Research Collaborations, Craig Boardman, Elizabeth Corley
Craig Boardman
Research collaboration is perhaps the singular feature that university research centers, broadly defined, share. Yet, there has been little systematic study of the center-level attributes that facilitate (or hinder) research collaboration at the individual level. This paper estimates whether center-level measures of research capacity and structure affect center affiliated university scientists’ and engineers’ collaborative behaviors. We consider the effects of center multidisciplinarity, size, and center ties to private firms and to federally funded centers programs on the time allocated to collaboration with researchers from industry, other universities, government laboratories, and abroad. Our analyses compare center to non-center scientists and also …
Effects Of Informal Interactions On Collaborative Research Between University And Industry Scientists, Branco Ponomariov, Craig Boardman
Effects Of Informal Interactions On Collaborative Research Between University And Industry Scientists, Branco Ponomariov, Craig Boardman
Craig Boardman
We ask whether informal interactions between university and industry scientists result in collaborative research. Using data from a national survey of tenured and tenure-track scientists and engineers in U.S. research extensive universities, we demonstrate that university scientists’ informal interactions with private sector companies increase both the likelihood and intensity of collaborative research with industry.
Beyond The Stars: Scientists Working In University Biotechnology Centers, Craig Boardman
Beyond The Stars: Scientists Working In University Biotechnology Centers, Craig Boardman
Craig Boardman
Most study of university–industry interactions in biotechnology emphasizes the productivity (e.g., patents, spin-off firms) of a relative few number of “star” university scientists. This study uses a national survey of university scientists to assess the industry involvement of university scientists who affiliate with university research centers focused on biotechnology. The results demonstrate such affiliation to correlate positively with informal interactions with industry, such as knowledge exchange, but not with reports of the production of economic and bibliometric outputs. Implications for policy and centers programs are discussed.
Role Strain In University Research Centers, Craig Boardman, Barry Bozeman
Role Strain In University Research Centers, Craig Boardman, Barry Bozeman
Craig Boardman
We examine interview data from 21 science and engineering faculty affiliated with both academic departments and university research centers. Our results indicate that such scientists experience "role strain" but that resources provided by the centers provide sufficient inducement for affiliation. An important faculty development issue is whether the increments in resources are sufficient to offset the fragmentation of activities likely associated with role strain.
Reward Systems And Nsf University Research Centers: The Impact Of Tenure On University Scientists’ Valuation Of Applied And Commercially-Relevant Research, Craig Boardman, Branco Ponomariov
Reward Systems And Nsf University Research Centers: The Impact Of Tenure On University Scientists’ Valuation Of Applied And Commercially-Relevant Research, Craig Boardman, Branco Ponomariov
Craig Boardman
Over the past three decades, U.S. science policy has shifted from decentralized support of small, investigator-initiated research projects to more centralized, block grant-based, multidisciplinary research centers. No matter one's take on the "revolutionary" nature of this shift, a major consequence is that university scientists, now more than ever, are subject to multiple and often conflicting demands. The purpose of this article is to examine the impact of having tenure on university scientists' consideration of these demands, particularly the demand for applied and commercially relevant research. For this study, the authors examine scientists who work in a particular type of university …
The Emergence And Impact Of ‘Organic’ Research Collaboration, Craig Boardman, Barry Bozeman
The Emergence And Impact Of ‘Organic’ Research Collaboration, Craig Boardman, Barry Bozeman
Craig Boardman
No abstract provided.
Design And The Management Of Multi-Institutional Research Collaborations, Elizabeth Corley, Craig Boardman, Barry Bozeman
Design And The Management Of Multi-Institutional Research Collaborations, Elizabeth Corley, Craig Boardman, Barry Bozeman
Craig Boardman
Over the past three decades, U.S. science and technology funding agencies have increasingly supported large-scale, centralized, block grant-based research projects that often span multiple disciplines and institutions. This trend has developed at such a rate that research focused on understanding the management of these new collaborative models has largely not kept pace. We use two case studies of large-scale, multi-disciplinary collaborations to develop an institutional framework that illuminates the relationships among (a) the epistemic norms of the disciplines represented in the collaboration, (b) the organizational structure of these collaborations, and (c) the inter-institutional collaboration success. The results of our case …
The Nsf Engineering Research Centers And The University-Industry Research Revolution, Barry Bozeman, Craig Boardman
The Nsf Engineering Research Centers And The University-Industry Research Revolution, Barry Bozeman, Craig Boardman
Craig Boardman
The NSF engineering research centers (ERC) program served notice of a sea change in university research funding and institutional designs, representing a transition from department-based, principle investigator-oriented university science to a new center-based model encouraging universities to work with industry and to work beyond the strictures of academic disciplines. In our view, the past three decades of U.S. science and technology policy have not seen an institutional change of greater importance. This paper begins with a brief history of the ERC program, including discussion of the programs origins, goals and research foci, growth, and influence as a model for other …
Managing The New Multipurpose, Multidiscipline University Research Center: Institutional Innovation In The Academic Community, Barry Bozeman, Craig Boardman
Managing The New Multipurpose, Multidiscipline University Research Center: Institutional Innovation In The Academic Community, Barry Bozeman, Craig Boardman
Craig Boardman
No abstract provided.