Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

The Inequality Of Sport: Women < Men, Valarie Hanson

The Review: A Journal of Undergraduate Student Research

In lieu of an abstract, below is the first paragraph of the paper.

It has been 30 years since Title IX legislation granted women equal playing time, but the male-dominated world of sports journalism has yet to catch up with the law. Coverage of women's sports lags far behind men's and focuses on female athletes' femininity and sexuality over their achievements on the court and field. While female athleticism challenges gender norms, women athletes continue to be depicted in traditional roles that reaffirm their femininity - as wives and mothers or sex objects. By comparison, male athletes are framed according …

Assessing Major League Soccer's Efficiency, Christopher Maxwell

The Review: A Journal of Undergraduate Student Research

Since the North American Soccer League dissolved in 1984, there was no longer a prominent professional soccer league in North America until Major League Soccer was founded in 1996. Previous research on MLS efficiency was last recorded after the 2000 season, leaving a ten-year gap. This research revisits MLS efficiency for the 2010 season through a formula based on percentages against averages of each team for all tested elements. The factors used to compute efficiency are absolute attendance, television viewership, points awarded, and total team salary. Efficiency scores are then further analyzed for anomalies. In contrast to previous research, the …

Hope Is Round And Leather: Football Unifies A Strife-Torn Haiti, Matthew Guinto

The Review: A Journal of Undergraduate Student Research

In lieu of an abstract, below is the first paragraph of the paper.

In strife-torn Caribbean nations such as Haiti, hope is hard to come by. Poverty and political conflicts throughout its history too often overshadow the islands' stunning beauty and color. In these warm-climate islands that cry out for structure, only sport responds. In the Caribbean, the calendar year isn't split by the season's winter, spring, fall and summer, but "into cricket season and football season" (Hislop qtd. in Ferguson vii). Football, the proper and logical term for what America calls soccer, provides an opportunity that is often sought …

The Economic Impact Of Sport, Jake Conway, Christine Isselhard, Emily Urbanski

The Review: A Journal of Undergraduate Student Research

In lieu of an abstract, below is the first paragraph of the paper.

Imagine being a tax payer whose hard earned tax dollars are supporting the construction of a multimillion dollar sports facility, under the impression that these dollars will supposedly benefit the local economy. Then, after a few years of the team's presence in the community, there is no major capital return after being told numerous times by local officials that there would be. On top of seeing no economic increase, all the employment opportunity that was also promised only appears to be minimal. Although the introduction of a …