Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Policing With Chinese Characteristics, Kam C. Wong

Kam C. Wong

A review of (occidental) literature on Chinese social control-policing shows that there is an imbalance in research output. There is a lot of research into social control system in imperial China; its historical roots, philosophical foundation, structural framework, and functional process. However, there are very little raw data and research output on how Chinese police worked in the past or PRC public security functions at present.

This book is the only book that provide for a systematic and comprehensive treatment on various aspects of China policing, including: idea (Chapter 2), origin (Chapter 3), history (Chapter 4), education (Chapter 5), culture …

A General Theory Of Community Policing, Kam C. Wong

Kam C. Wong

Introduced in the 1970s (in the United States), community policing is a philosophy and strategy to involve and engage the public to fight crime and improve quality of life in their own community.

A cursory review of literature reveals that in spite of its success there is no scientific – logical, predictable, refutable - theory explaining and explicating, predicting and refuting CP practices. This is a first attempt to do so. The theory being proposed: “State police as a social resource theory” (SRT) is a people’s theory of policing. As such it looks at the nature of crime and functions …

Police Education In China, Kam C. Wong

Kam C. Wong

A comprehensive review of literature shows that there is currently no academic study on PRC police education, in the West. More significantly, a review of a selected comparative criminal justice text books shows that the U.S. students are not being exposed to Chinese criminal justice and policing. The lack of literature on China obstructs comparative criminal justice (police) research.

This article of first impression seeks to provide an overview PRC police education system.

This article is organized as follows. To anchor the study, Section I provides a brief review of literature on general theory and best practice of police education …

Study Of Policing In China, Kam C. Wong

Kam C. Wong

This article is a critique of Western approach to the study of Chinese policing, with a proposition, i.e., the study of policing in China should be conducted from bottoms up and inside out, by adopting an indigenous perspective and as informed by local data. This article is organized into three sections. Section I discusses “Problems with the Study of Chinese Policing in the West.” It points out that Western study of Chinese law and policing is factually ill informed and theoretically unsubstantiated. Section II: “Policing with Chinese Characteristics: Another Approach” argues for the studying of Chinese policing from inside out …

Chinese Thinking On Crime And Punishment: Old And New, Kam C. Wong

Kam C. Wong

ABSTRACT As a scholarly discipline, criminology in China is growing in stature, maturity, and utility. To date, there are very few investigations into Chinese thinking of crime, punishment and control in China. This is a first attempt to do so.

The article begins with an exploration of “Literature on law, crime and punishment in China.” This is followed by discussions on “The idea of crime (“Fanzui”),” “Traditional thinking on crime and punishment in China,” and “Contemporary thinking on crime and punishment in China.” Finally, the conclusion summarizes what we have learned.

How Chinese E-Public Feel And Think About Corruption, Kam C. Wong

Kam C. Wong

On June 23, 2004, the China National Auditing Office stunned the nation with the submission its 2003 Audit Report to the National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China. The Audit Report uncovered extensive financial improprieties and egregious budgetary irregularities within various government offices and by many local officials. A systematic review of literature uncovers no investigation on the Chinese people’s reception and reaction to the Audit Storm. This is a first attempt to do so.

This is a research into the “feelings” and “thinking” of Chinese internet users on (anti) - corruption in China. Specially, it tries to …

The Study Of Criminology (犯罪學) In China, Kam C. Wong

Kam C. Wong

As a scholarly discipline, criminology in China is growing in stature, maturity, and utility. In a short 30 years since 1979, China has successfully established criminology as a scientific field of study with well defined subjects, recognized scholars, and copious research/publications.

To date, there is very few systematic and comprehensive study of criminology (in English language) as an emerging and important field of academic discipline in China. As a result, we know very little about its focus and scope, direction and trend, theories and findings, problems and issues. This is a first attempt to do so.

The article begins with …

Fighting Cross-Border Crimes Between China And Hong Kong, Kam C. Wong

Kam C. Wong

This article is a first attempt to investigate into HKP and PSB cooperative practices in dealing with cross-border crimes penetrating the two jurisdictions, in the backdrop of “one country two systems” political settlement, provided for under the Basic Law oh Hong Kong. It is hoped that findings from this investigation can be used to inform upon future discussion and facilitate prospective handling of cross-border crimes and criminals.

This article is organized into six parts. After this brief introduction, Part II: “The nature and extent of cross-border crime problem in China” informs upon the nature and extent of cross-border crimes in …

Confucianization Of Qing Law Ii, Kam C. Wong

Kam C. Wong

In traditional China, the Confucians proposed to govern people with li (rites) and by means of ren (benevolence). The legalists wanted to govern the people with fa (law) and with the use of xing (punishment). Confucianization of the law integrated these two schools of contending philosophical thoughts, i.e., Confucian (“ru jia”) vs. legalist (“fa jia”), in search of a better way to govern China. Confucianization of the law in merging these two schools of thought proposed that: firstly, law should adopt Confucian ethical values and principles, and, secondly, Confucian ethical rules should be enforced by law. Though the Confucianization of …

Beat Patrol Deployment In Hong Kong, Kam C. Wong

Kam C. Wong

On March 14, 2001 a young Hong Kong Police (HKP) Constable (PC) Leung Shing-yan was shot and killed in the line of duty. The incident aroused a fierce public debate as to whether HKP should adopt a one-officer (single beat or SB) vs. two-officers (double beat or DB) patrol deployment policy. This article addresses critical policy issues raised in the SB vs. DB debate. How should such a policy debate be resolved? What are the pros and cons of both patrol deployment measures？More importantly, what immediate and effective remedial steps can be taken to secure the front line police officers’ …

Federalization Of Local Criminal Justice Procedure: A Study Of Conflicts In Values And Process, Kam C. Wong

Kam C. Wong

This article is an investigation into why the U.S. federal courts have failed to effectively control local police conduct by means of constitutional rules. In so doing, the article finds that the federal courts’ approach to the control of police abuse of power – federalization and constiotutionalization of criminal procedures – is ill informed of the nature and essence of police work within the community context and at the grassroots level. Particularly, it fails to take into account the structural and normative forces giving rise to police abuse. The central thesis of this paper is that the federal courts’ constitutional …

Black's Theory On The Behavior Of Law Revisited Iii: Law As More Or Less Governmental Social Control, Kam C. Wong

Kam C. Wong

In 1976 Donald Black introduced a scientific social theory on The Behavior of Law. Black defines law as “governmental social control.” In 1997, Wong restated Black’s concept of law as “more or less governmental social conrol.” Law as more or less governmental social control exists when the government endorses private social control activities or otherwise delegates social control powers to private parties. This research used Wong’s restatement of Black’s concept of law to investigate the law enforcement role and functions of the Strike Committee during the Canton-Hong Kong strike (1925-1926). It found that during the Canton-Hong Kong strike the KMT …