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Articles 1 - 30 of 43
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
A Descriptive Analysis Of Skin Color Bias In Puerto Rico: Ecological Applications To Practice, Ronald E. Hall
A Descriptive Analysis Of Skin Color Bias In Puerto Rico: Ecological Applications To Practice, Ronald E. Hall
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
Travel brochures to the island of Puerto Rico aptly profess the rich variation in skin color and other phenotypes among its people. Following acts of domination vis-a-vis the island's cultural mores, invading colonizers evolved a social hierarchy to discourage any notions of merit attributable to racial diversity. According to the data herewith, the presumption of a relationship between skin color and selected values for skin color ideals is plausible. Social work practitionersa re then challenged to decipher the maze of racial traditions as pertains to discrimination. Doing so will enable an environment for knowledge based purely upon merit in order …
Urban Violence Among African American Males: Integrating Family, Neighborhood, And Peer Perspectives, M. Daniel Bennett Jr., Mark W. Fraser
Urban Violence Among African American Males: Integrating Family, Neighborhood, And Peer Perspectives, M. Daniel Bennett Jr., Mark W. Fraser
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
Even though rates have declined in recent years, violence is a serious problem in many American cities. This paper reviews recent perspectives on violence among young, urban African American males. Special attention is afforded the "father absent" hypothesis, the effect of poverty, the character of neighborhoods, the roots of self-efficacy, and peer influence, particularly the influence of street codes. The latter are argued both to regulate some situational behavior and to promote the use of violence in disputes over social status, drugs, and money. The authors discuss implications for policy and community development.
The Strengths Of African American Families: 25 Years Later. Robert B. Hill.
The Strengths Of African American Families: 25 Years Later. Robert B. Hill.
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
Book note for Robert B. Hill, The Strengths of African American Families: 25 Years Later. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1999. $49.00 hardcover, $19.50 papercover.
Race, Class, And Support For Egalitarian Statism Among The African American Middle Class, George Wilson
Race, Class, And Support For Egalitarian Statism Among The African American Middle Class, George Wilson
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
This study uses data from the 1990 and 1987 years of the General Social Survey to assess the effects of minority status and position in the class structure in explaining middle class African Americans' support for opportunity-enhancing and outcome-based egalitarian statist policies. Findings do not provide confirmation for prior research that has found that racial effects are predominant, but has considered a more narrow range of policies and not assessed interaction effects. First, neither additive nor interactive effects of race and social class explain support for government policies that are premised on providing people with skills to compete in the …
Do Inner-City, African-American Males Exhibit "Bad Attitudes" Toward Work?, Jill Littrell, Elizabeth Beck
Do Inner-City, African-American Males Exhibit "Bad Attitudes" Toward Work?, Jill Littrell, Elizabeth Beck
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
Many potential employers of inner-city African-American men believe that African-American men have poor work attitudes. The investigations reported here attempted to evaluate the veridicality of this assumption. The responses of African-American men who utilize a soup-kitchen were compared with college men on a variety of attitude measures, as well as on their reactions to a scenario about a man who worked for an unfair boss and quit in response. Generally, little support for the view that innercity, African-Americans men have a predilection to presume prejudice or unfairness, or to render a favorable evaluation of quitting under unfair conditions, was found.
Racial And Gender Variations In The Process Shaping Earnings' Potential: The Consequences Of Poverty In Early Adulthood, C. Andri Mizell
Racial And Gender Variations In The Process Shaping Earnings' Potential: The Consequences Of Poverty In Early Adulthood, C. Andri Mizell
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
This research investigates the effects of poverty in early adulthood on future earnings. While social scientists are beginning to amass a considerable literature on the effects of poverty on outcomes for children, few have investigated the damage that impoverishment may do in early adulthood when individuals are in the midst of completing education and planning careers. The findings in this study indicate that poverty does dampen earnings' potential. However, individual characteristics (e.g., aspirations, esteem and ability) and structural location (e.g., educational attainment, occupational status and job tenure) may assuage the otherwise negative effects of poverty. Other findings reveal that the …
Globalization And Race Hierarchy In The United States, James Jennings
Globalization And Race Hierarchy In The United States, James Jennings
New England Journal of Public Policy
National economies have become irreversibly globalized while racial and ethnic divisions continue to be a reality in many societies. The author has set forth three different scenarios in an attempt to explain the link between globalization and racial and ethnic relations: (1) globalization limits national growth, thus contributing to increased racial and ethnic tensions; (2) globalization does not affect racial and ethnic relations either positively or negatively; and (3) globalization expands domestic economies, consequently helping to reduce racial and ethnic tensions within national borders. This article explores these scenarios and shows that globalization through immigration and movement of capital can …
The Changing American Mosaic: An Introduction, Wilma Peebles-Wilkins
The Changing American Mosaic: An Introduction, Wilma Peebles-Wilkins
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
This article, in addition to introducing the special journal issue on the changing American mosaic, provides a synthesis of issues associated with changing demographic trends as the number of people of color increase between 2000-2050. Welfare reform, structural inequality, and the convergence of race, class and gender issues are discussed in a civil rights context. A brief summary of the other journal articles by Glen Loury; Stanley Eitzen and Maxine Baca Zinn; Ruth Sidel; Mary Krist, Douglas Gurak, Likwang Chen; Doris Wilkinson and Margaret Gibelman is also provided.
Rethinking The Concept Of "Minority": A Task For Social Scientists And Practitioners, Doris Wilkinson
Rethinking The Concept Of "Minority": A Task For Social Scientists And Practitioners, Doris Wilkinson
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
Although sociologists have articulated the components and scope of the "minority" concept, many of the characteristics are no longer germane. Originally those placed in the category were viewed as subordinate and as possessing cultural or physical qualities not approved or preferred by the larger population. There has been no systematic questioning of ingrained seductive words and value-based constructions like "minority". This brief critique offers an evaluation of the "minority" conception that is so pervasive in the social and behavioral sciences, the print and broadcast media, politics, and the entire language system.
Twenty-Five Years Of Black America: Two Steps Forward And One Step Back?, Glenn C. Loury
Twenty-Five Years Of Black America: Two Steps Forward And One Step Back?, Glenn C. Loury
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
The nature of social and economic inequality as it exists now between Blacks and Whites in the United States is explored in this paper. Summary statistics on education, earnings, employment, family structure, incarceration and life expectancy are presented by age, sex and race. It is suggested that, while progress has been made in narrowing the racial gap in social standing, there remains a significant disparity that warrants continuing concern.
Who Cares About Racial Inequality?, Glenn C. Loury
Who Cares About Racial Inequality?, Glenn C. Loury
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
The issue of Affirmative Action is discussed, identifying some difficulties with the way that this policy has been pursued in the past: Racial preferences can be a poorly targeted method of closing the gap in social status between Blacks and Whites, and can have negative unintended consequences for incentives and for the reputations of its beneficiaries. Nevertheless, it is argued that some form of affirmative action continues to be needed. The concept of "developmental affirmative action" is introduced. This form of racially targeted policy focuses primarily on the enhancement of competitive skills. In so doing, it avoids many of the …
Affirmative Action At The Crossroads: A Social Justice Perspective, Margaret Gibelman
Affirmative Action At The Crossroads: A Social Justice Perspective, Margaret Gibelman
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
This article reviews the basis for the policy of affirmative action within the context of changing social values. Both the aims and unanticipated consequences of affirmative action are explored, the latter of which have resulted in substantial backlash and the real possibility of policy overturn. Within this context, the position of the social welfare community toward and involvement in affirmative action is traced. An agenda for social work in current and future debates about affirmative action is offered which takes into account the original social problem-discrimination-within redefined societal values and political realities. Alternative remedies to affirmative action, it is argued, …
Soldiers For Justice: The Role Of The Tuskegee Airmen In The Desegregation Of The American Armed Forces, F. Michael Higginbotham
Soldiers For Justice: The Role Of The Tuskegee Airmen In The Desegregation Of The American Armed Forces, F. Michael Higginbotham
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
Often noted for their heroic prowess as pilots in World War II, the Tuskegee Airmen served just as nobly fighting racial segregation within the Army. Considered exemplary in its integration today, the armed forces were a testing ground for integration in the middle of the twentieth century. Black officers and enlisted men, putting themselves in harm's way for a segregated United States, rebuked the notion of separate but equal, thereby slowly paving the way for integration in the military, and eventually, the nation. In this Article, F. Michael Higgenbotham examines the history of segregation in the United States Armed Forces …
Introduction, James Jennings
Introduction, James Jennings
Trotter Review
We are proud to share with our readers the second annual issue of the Trotter Review. Since the first issue in 1984, the Trotter Review has grown to become a popular journal with a national and international readership. The journal has been particularly praised for its presentation and balance of scholarship informed by activism. We are currently planning future issues along the following themes: the experiences of Black children and the Black community with public schools; the historical and contemporary relationships between the Black and Native-American communities in the United States; and the role of Black educators in community …
Business Ownership Patterns Among Black, Latina, And Asian Women In Massachusetts, Russell E. Williams
Business Ownership Patterns Among Black, Latina, And Asian Women In Massachusetts, Russell E. Williams
Trotter Review
Using data from the most recently released Survey of Minority Businesses, this article explores the significance of businesses owned by minority women in Massachusetts. I describe the number of such businesses, the rates at which the number of such businesses are expanding, and the average sales and receipts of women-owned businesses — and I compare these statistics for White, Black, Latino and Asian businesses.
The Meaning Of Black Entrepreneurship In Constructing Community, Stacey Sutton
The Meaning Of Black Entrepreneurship In Constructing Community, Stacey Sutton
Trotter Review
The small business sector in the United States has traditionally been viewed as a strong source of economic growth and prosperity, as entrepreneurship epitomizes the quintessential American fantasy of rugged individualism. Given the myths about larger-than-life entrepreneurial heroes, business development has historically been touted as a viable trajectory toward economic and social mobility for immigrant groups and marginalized people. Stories about "great" American businessmen such as John D. Rockefeller, Bill Gates, Steve Jobs among others, often highlight rags-to-riches myths about innumerable possibilities within American capitalism given diligence, fierce competition, and an uncompromising work ethic. The work values of small business …
Democratic Economic Participation And Humane Urban Development, Jessica Gordon-Nembhard
Democratic Economic Participation And Humane Urban Development, Jessica Gordon-Nembhard
Trotter Review
Humane economics, democratic economic participation, and democratic economic control are words not often combined and terms rarely used by traditional economic developers and urban planners, especially when addressing inner-city redevelopment. Most often, discussions about economic development and the elimination of poverty focus on job creation, workforce development, and access to job opportunities - promoting the corporate model of growth and fortifying big business's penetration into and control of community economics. Income receives a bit of attention, in the peripheral discussions about "living wages' or family-supporting wages and "good" jobs. However, concepts such as a guaranteed income or payment for the …
Kenyan Women And The Harambee: Community Development Or Unpaid Work?, Anne Gathuo
Kenyan Women And The Harambee: Community Development Or Unpaid Work?, Anne Gathuo
Trotter Review
Since gaining independence from Britain in 1963, the Kenyan government has encouraged self-help activity, known as "harambee" which is aimed at supplementing government efforts in the provision of social services. The term harambee conjures positive images of community spirit and people pooling together for a common cause. Indeed, the term is synonymous to community development. The United Nations Report on Community Development and Economic Development defines community development as the process by which the efforts of the people themselves are combined with those of government authorities to improve the economic, social and cultural conditions of communities, to integrate these communities …
Table Of Contents
Ethnic Studies Review
Table of Contents for Ethnic Studies Review, Vol. 23, No. 1,2&3, April 2000.
Languages And Postmodern Ethnic Identities, Livia Käthe Wittmann
Languages And Postmodern Ethnic Identities, Livia Käthe Wittmann
Ethnic Studies Review
Specific discourses of our mother tongue (which is not always our mother's tongue) are supposed to decisively constitute our subjectivity. These discourses which are constituting us and are available to us offer possible identities. These identities carry ethno-culturally-specific meanings, which are symbolised within and by spoken, written, and non-verbal language/s. Are languages given the same relevance when giving meaning to postmodern ethnicity, if one understands postmodern ethnicity as a "stance of simultaneously transcending ethnicity as a complete, self-contained system but retaining it as a selectively preferred, evolving, participatory system?" Multilinguality, as it may correspond with aspects of postmodern ethnicity, seems …
Rwanda, Burundi, And Their "Ethnic" Conflicts, Stephen B. Isabirye, Kooros M. Mahmoudi
Rwanda, Burundi, And Their "Ethnic" Conflicts, Stephen B. Isabirye, Kooros M. Mahmoudi
Ethnic Studies Review
This paper demonstrably dispels the assumption that ethnic conflict in Rwanda and Burundi is a chronic endemic phenomenon. It emphasizes the consolidation of the caste system during the colonial era, intra regional disparities within the two communities, high population densities, very weak economic bases, poverty, and international interference as some of the cardinal dynamics behind the current deadly contentions within the two states. An analysis behind the genocidal tendencies in the two countries is well illustrated, with special emphasis on the Rwandese tragedy of 1994 as well as its parallels and divergences with the Nazi Holocaust.
White Ethnic: A Social Concept, Joseph M. Conforti
White Ethnic: A Social Concept, Joseph M. Conforti
Ethnic Studies Review
Why such a term as white ethnic or ethnic developed and what purposes it served guides this inquiry. Its origins in the wake of the Civil Rights Movement in a context of American immigration history are explored together with its adoption as a sociological concept. A survey of textbooks most likely to use such a term, particularly texts concerning race and ethnicity, intergroup relations, and sociology of minorities, together with related literature illustrates both its usage and the basis of such usage.
Distinctive Features Of The African-American Family: Debunking The Myth Of The Deficit Model, David L. Briscoe
Distinctive Features Of The African-American Family: Debunking The Myth Of The Deficit Model, David L. Briscoe
Ethnic Studies Review
Throughout the 1900's, social scientists have debated the question of whether the African American family is an adaptative social system or whether it is pathological, perpetuating its poverty over the generations. This article examines the holistic perspective as the preeminent comprehensive approach in studying the African American family and provides empirical evidence of distinctive features of the African American family in support of the adaptation argument. The adaptation/deficit debate will probably continue as long as the scientific community fails to fully acknowledge and make the most of theoretical constructs that are holistic in principle and design.
Patchwork And Pr: Seminole-Constructed Public Image, Cynthia Kasee
Patchwork And Pr: Seminole-Constructed Public Image, Cynthia Kasee
Ethnic Studies Review
Florida Seminoles represent a unique "response culture" among Southeastern Native Americans. An amalgamation of tribes, their history has been marked by their adaptability in the face of massive cultural change. Today the Seminoles are a major force in Florida's economy and politics. The public face they present has largely been of their own making throughout their history, and now it is more consciously so.
[Review Of] James L. Conyers, Jr. Black Lives: Essays In African American Biography, Calvin E. Harris
[Review Of] James L. Conyers, Jr. Black Lives: Essays In African American Biography, Calvin E. Harris
Ethnic Studies Review
These biographical profiles of well-known and not so well-known African Americans are presented from an Afrocentric perspective. At least one essay is about a South African Black, "Bessie Head: The Idealist" by Owen G. Mordaunt. Drawing from the writings of Maulana Karenga, Conyers sets forth the Afrocentric framework as presented in this anthology: The Afro-American national community is in fact a unity-in-itself, a community of people with a common and distinguishing history (kinship in time and space; a common and distinguishing culture (kinship in life changes and activities); and a common and distinguishing collective self-consciousness...(10).
[Review Of] John M. Coward. The Newspaper Indian: Native American Identity In The Press, 1820-90, Cynthia R. Kasee
[Review Of] John M. Coward. The Newspaper Indian: Native American Identity In The Press, 1820-90, Cynthia R. Kasee
Ethnic Studies Review
It will not come as news to people familiar with Native American history the role the print medium has played in costructing [constructing] public images of indigenous Americans. What is refreshing is the way in which Coward offers his insights on the matter. He has chosen the period of the United States' most feverish expansion into "the West," a time when newspapers and related print sources were most active in defining now-common stereotypes of both sides in the ensuing conflicts.
[Review Of] Wendy S. Hesford. Framing Identities: Autobiography And The Politics Of Pedagogy, Helen Lock
[Review Of] Wendy S. Hesford. Framing Identities: Autobiography And The Politics Of Pedagogy, Helen Lock
Ethnic Studies Review
Drawing on her experiences as a teacher of writing for six years at Oberlin College, Wendy S. Hesford in Framing Identities: Autobiography and the Politics of Pedagogy addresses important and timely questions, such as "How do historically marginalized groups expose the partiality and presumptions of institutional histories and truths through autobiographical acts?"(xx)
[Review Of] Sandra Jackson And Jose Solis Jordan (Eds.). I'Ve Got A Story To Tell: Identity And Place In The Academy, James Adolph Robinson
[Review Of] Sandra Jackson And Jose Solis Jordan (Eds.). I'Ve Got A Story To Tell: Identity And Place In The Academy, James Adolph Robinson
Ethnic Studies Review
I've Got A Story To Tell is a "place and space wherein the contributors can momentarily unload the baggage they carry and speak incisively of the challenges associated with their success in gaining entry into the academy" (2).
[Review Of] Michéle Lamont, Ed. The Cultural Territories Of Race: Black And White Boundaries, Rainer Spencer
[Review Of] Michéle Lamont, Ed. The Cultural Territories Of Race: Black And White Boundaries, Rainer Spencer
Ethnic Studies Review
The aim of this volume is to illuminate various black and white boundaries in the United States through an examination of the "cultural dimensions of racial inequality." Fourteen essays touch on a wide variety of subjects including African American corporate executives, fast-food workers in Harlem, Afrocentrism, single-parenting, rap music, and feminism, to name only some. The authors of these essays strive to move beyond a static structure versus culture dualism and to instead highlight the theoretical and empirical importance of cultural scripts, all without reducing discussion to the level of "blaming the victim."